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1.
Pengyu Xu Hao Wang Wenjun Cui Qiangguo Chen Bingtian Tu Xiahan Sang Weimin Wang Zhengyi Fu 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2022,105(6):3735-3739
Here we report a transparent dual-phase ZnO·2.7Al2O3 ceramic. The composite is pore-free and consists of thin nanosheets with a spinel phase and a hexagonal phase, while the two phases match closely in both lattice and refractive index. Such features result in excellent optical transmittance (maximum value >80% in the visible spectrum) at comparable phase volume. This work may provide a new thought for the rational structural design of optical nanocomposites. 相似文献
2.
《岩石力学与岩土工程学报(英文版)》2022,14(5):1556-1567
Wind erosion is one of the significant natural calamities worldwide, which degrades around one-third of global land. The eroded and suspended soil particles in the environment may cause health hazards, i.e. allergies and respiratory diseases, due to the presence of harmful contaminants, bacteria, and pollens. The present study evaluates the feasibility of microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) technique to mitigate wind-induced erosion of calcareous desert sand (Thar desert of Rajasthan province in India). The temperature during biotreatment was kept at 36 °C to stimulate the average temperature of the Thar desert. The spray method was used for bioaugmentation of Sporosarcina (S.) pasteurii and further treatment using chemical solutions. The chemical solution of 0.25 pore volume was sprayed continuously up to 5 d, 10 d, 15 d, and 20 d, using two different concentration ratios of urea and calcium chloride dihydrate viz 2:1 and 1:1. The biotreated samples were subjected to erosion testing (in the wind tunnel) at different wind speeds of 10 m/s, 20 m/s, and 30 m/s. The unconfined compressive strength of the biocemented crust was measured using a pocket penetrometer. The variation in calcite precipitation and microstructure (including the presence of crystalline minerals) of untreated as well as biotreated sand samples were determined through calcimeter, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscope (EDX). The results demonstrated that the erosion of untreated sand increases with an increase in wind speeds. When compared to untreated sand, a lower erosion was observed in all biocemented sand samples, irrespective of treatment condition and wind speed. It was observed that the sample treated with 1:1 cementation solution for up to 5 d, was found to effectively resist erosion at a wind speed of 10 m/s. Moreover, a significant erosion resistance was ascertained in 15 d and 20 d treated samples at higher wind speeds. The calcite content percentage, thickness of crust, bulk density, and surface strength of biocemented sand were enhanced with the increase in treatment duration. The 1:1 concentration ratio of cementation solution was found effective in improving crust thickness and surface strength as compared to 2:1 concentration ratio of cementation solution. The calcite crystals formation was observed in SEM analysis and calcium peaks were observed in EDX analysis for biotreated sand. 相似文献
3.
《Advanced Powder Technology》2022,33(8):103637
With excellent micromixing characteristic of rotating packed bed (RPB), many nanoparticles with small average size, narrower distribution and good morphology had been successfully and continuously prepared. To reveal complex crystal process, an empirical model were developed to simulate nano-ZnO by considering mass changed, population balance equation, growth rate G, nucleation rate B, drop sizes Di, and resident time t. The predicted particle sizes were shown good agreement with experimental data with error of ±10%. Therefore, it was further adopted to predict the effects of rotating speed, liquid flow rate and reactant concentration on the mean particle size. To look more deeply insight in this process, their contribution ratios were further analyzed. The proposed empirical models were of great helpful to obtain suitable operation conditions for preparing much better properties of nanoparticles with fewer experiments. It was also beneficial to produce other nanoparticles in RPB. 相似文献
4.
旱灾具有出现频率高、持续时间长、波及范围广等特点,本文运用降水距平百分率、Z指数、SPI标准化降水指数,对朝阳地区50a(1969~2018)干旱特征进行分析。结果表明:Z指数与SPI标准化降水指标得到的朝阳地区干旱特征情况基本一致,能较好地反映出该地区的干旱特征,朝阳地区1969~2018年自然灾害频繁发生,严重干旱年份主要集中在1980、1981、1982 年,与实际相符。 相似文献
5.
Julio E. Trevino Swati Mohan Alexandra E. Salinas Emilia Cueva Karen Lozano 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2021,138(28):50665
This study presents the development and characterization of PVDF-conjugated polymer nanofiber-based systems. Five different conducting polymers (CPs) were synthesized successfully and used to create the nanofiber systems. The CPs used are polyaniline (PANI), polypyrrole (PPY), polyindole (PIN), polyanthranilic acid (PANA), and polycarbazole (PCZ). Nanofiber systems were produced utilizing the Forcespinning® technique. The nanofiber systems were developed by mechanical stretching. No electrical field or post-process poling was used in the nanofiber systems. The morphology, structure, electrochemical and piezoelectric performance was characterized. All of the nanofiber PVDF/CP systems displayed higher piezoelectric performance than the fine fiber PVDF systems. The PVDF/PPY nanofiber system displays the highest piezoelectric performance of 15.56 V. The piezoelectric performance of the PVDF/CP nanofiber systems favors potential for an attractive source of energy where highly flexible membranes could be used in power actuators, sensors and portable, and wireless devices to mention some. 相似文献
6.
7.
Increasing the reaction temperature of the living cationic polymerization of isobutylene is crucial for industrial production due to the cost of refrigeration. The reaction temperature increase was achieved with an accelerated reaction rate using a flow reaction system. The polymerization conditions, including the flow reactor design, were based on the results of kinetic studies. Utilizing a milli‐scale flow reactor, polyisobutylene, which has a narrow molecular weight distribution, was obtained within a considerably short residence time at a high temperature. Furthermore, it was confirmed that the value of Mw/Mn correlates with the product of the Reynolds number and the angle of collision. 相似文献
8.
Ali Dorieh Nosrat O. Mahmoodi Manochehr Mamaghani Antonio Pizzi Masoud Mohammadi Zeydi 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2019,136(14):47256
The characteristics of urea-formaldehyde (UF) adhesives condensed by catalysis with four different acids, namely formic (HCOOH), hydrochloric (HCl), phosphoric (H3PO4), and sulfuric (H2SO4) acids, under alkaline–acidic–alkaline conditions at a molar ratio F/U = 1.12 were studied. The thermal curing properties of UF adhesives catalyzed with acid were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry at 10 °C/min heating rate. The resin structure examined by 13C-NMR spectroscopy showed that the resin catalyzed with HCl had a lower proportion of methylol groups, resulting in a lower level of formaldehyde emission. It was interesting to note that HCOOH resulted in the best overall mechanical properties of the medium-density fiberboard (MDF) panels. The HCl catalyst resulted in the poorest performance, providing the lowest internal bond strength, modulus of elasticity, and thickness swelling, with the exception of the free formaldehyde content. The resin catalyzed with H2SO4 had the highest free formaldehyde and the highest formaldehyde emission. H2SO4 and H3PO4 resulted in MDF mechanical properties relatively lower than for HCOOH. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136, 47256. 相似文献
9.
Jun Wang Hongpeng Li Xi Chen Weiguang Shi Na Zhang Fuquan Bai Xiaofeng Wang Sihan Wang Xianming Xu Libo Wang 《中国化学工程学报》2019,27(11):2687-2695
The BF3/n-BuOH complexes were investigated as active species in catalyzing n-decene polymerization reaction. The structures of BF3/n-BuOH complexes were characterized not only by modern spectrum but also by calculation at theoretical level. The results confirmed that BF3/n-BuOH complexes changed from BF3·(n-BuOH)2 complexes to BF3·n-BuOH complexes with the mass fraction of BF3 increasing. These two complexes have different catalytic activity, but BF3·n-BuOH was superior. The highest n-decene conversion could reach 99% and the most excellent selectivity of n-decene trimer and tetramer could reach up to 80% yield by a series of controlled conditions. This work can help to understand the catalytic active species of n-decene polymerization and provide support for industrialization of poly-alpha-olefins (PAOs). 相似文献
10.
通过两步无皂乳液聚合法,改变第二步对苯乙烯磺酸钠的加入量,制备表面携带磺酸根基团量不同的纳米粒子(PSS),并将其应用于正渗透(FO)膜的制备。采用红外光谱仪(FTIR)和光电子能谱仪(XPS)表征粒子组成,通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)表征膜的表面和断面形貌,测定膜孔隙率和亲水性,考察表面磺酸根量不同的聚合物粒子对膜结构性能的影响。结果表明,PSS的引入能提高膜的孔隙率,改善膜的亲水性,且随着粒子表面携带的磺酸根基团量增多,膜的孔隙率与亲水性也随之提高。这是因为PSS粒子可以支撑内部孔道,且表面携带的亲水基团-SO3Na可以提高膜的亲水性,影响活性层的形成。所制备的FO膜性能也得到相应改善,水通量达到了61.1L/(m2·h),为纯聚砜膜的2.8倍,盐截留率达到93.2%,Js/Jv值仅为0.31g/L,性能得到极大提升。 相似文献