不同保鲜剂对桑葚贮藏期间品质的影响

为了提高桑葚的贮藏品质,以大蒜提取液、壳聚糖进行涂膜,芳樟醇、香芹酚、丁香酚和1-MCP(1-甲基环丙烯)作为缓释保鲜剂对桑葚进行处理,研究其贮藏期品质的变化。实验结果表明:随着贮藏时间的延长,桑葚的营养成分和感官品质逐渐下降,经六种保鲜剂处理的桑葚可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、还原糖和Vc等营养成分显著高于对照组(p0.05),且能有效降低桑葚的腐烂率和失重率,抑制丙二醛(MDA)的上升,延缓多酚氧化酶(POD)和超氧化物气化酶(SOD)活性的降低。其中,经芳樟醇缓释处理的桑葚在贮藏期(9 d)内,腐烂率、失重率、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、Vc含量和丙二醛(MDA)以及多酚氧化酶(POD)和超氧化物气化酶(SOD)活性等品质指标均优于其他保鲜剂,能最大程度抑制桑葚的腐败变质。     

Dehydroacetic acid in cheese and cheese coating,results of official control in Italy

This paper reports the occurrence of dehydroacetic acid in cheese and cheese coatings collected in Italy during Agricultural Ministry Official control. Dehydroacetic acid is an antimicrobial substance not allowed to be used in EU countries as a food additive, with unknown effects on human health. Dehydroacetic acid was measured by a validated HPLC method according to Commission Decision 2002/657/EC criteria in terms of specificity, linearity, precision and accuracy, limit of detection, and limit of quantification. The method was successfully applied to 129 samples of commercial cheese coatings and related treated cheeses collected in Italy during 2017. The overall results demonstrated that about 40% of the investigated cheese coatings contained dehydroacetic acid, ranging from 0.010% to 2.5% w/w, evidencing illicit employment of this substance. Moreover, about 25% of treated cheeses contained dehydroacetic acid, from 5 to 250 mg/Kg, proving transfer of this substance from crust to cheese.     

Novel natural food preservatives and applications in seafood preservation: a review

Food preservative additives are natural or synthetic substances which delay degradation in foods caused by microbial growth, enzyme activity, and oxidation. Until recently, the use of synthetic additives in food was more common. However, synthetic additives have not been widely accepted by consumers in recent years due to their assumed adverse effects on their health. Therefore, the tendency of consumers to natural additives is increasing day-by-day. Seafood is an easily perishable food due to its chemical composition. Immediately after harvest, changes in odor, taste, and texture in fishery products can be noticed. For this reason, measures to protect the product must be taken immediately after harvest or catching. Various preservation methods have been developed. In addition to various technological methods, preservative additives are used in fresh or processed seafood as well as in other foods. This review focuses on novel natural preservatives from different sources such as plants, bacteria, fungi, animals and algae, and their use in seafood to protect quality and prolong shelf life. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry     

Natural Antifungal Peptides/Proteins as Model for Novel Food Preservatives

A large range of ingredients for food and food products are subject to fungal contamination, which is a major cause of destruction of crops, exposure of animals and humans to invasive mycotoxins, and food spoilage. The resistance of fungal species to common preservation methods highlights the necessity of new ways to increase the shelf life of raw material for food and food products. Antimicrobial peptides and proteins (AMPs) are essential members of the immune system of most living organisms. Due to their broad range of activity and their stability to commonly used food processes, they represent promising alternatives to traditional preservatives. However, despite the growing number of reports of potential food applications of these AMPs, the number of approved peptides is low. Poor solubility, toxicity, and a time‐consuming extraction are hurdles that limit their application in food products. Thanks to a deep understanding of the key determinants of their activity, the development of optimized synthetic peptides has reduced these drawbacks. This review presents natural and synthetic antifungal peptides/proteins (AFPs), effective against food‐related fungi, with particular emphasis on AFPs from plant sources. The design of novel antifungal peptides via key elements of antifungal activity is also reviewed. The potential applications of natural and synthetic AFPs as novel antifungal food preservatives are finally discussed.     

肉桂油及其β-环糊精包合物对鲜切西瓜的保鲜效果

以鲜切西瓜为试材,设置肉桂油(cinnamon oil,CO)、CO-β-环糊精(β-cyclodextrin,β-CD)包合物和空白对照3个处理组,通过测定微生物和品质指标变化,研究CO及其β-CD包合物对鲜切西瓜的保鲜效果。结果表明:贮藏期间,鲜切西瓜质量损失率、菌落总数和可滴定酸质量分数呈现增加趋势,L~*值和a~*值呈现下降趋势,可溶性固形物含量先增加后下降,上述指标冷藏比常温贮藏变化缓慢;其中CO-β-CD包合物(含CO 0.040 8 g/100 g西瓜)结合4℃冷藏处理对鲜切西瓜保鲜效果最好,可以有效抑制西瓜质量损失率和可滴定酸质量分数的增加,降低西瓜褐变程度,保持西瓜较高可溶性固形物含量;冷藏4 d,该处理条件下西瓜菌落总数显著低于对照和其他处理组(P0.05),感官分数显著高于对照和CO处理组(P0.05),仍然具有商品价值。CO被β-CD包埋后稳定性提高并可以掩盖肉桂醛气味,有效维持西瓜品质,延长保质期,在鲜切西瓜保鲜上具有较好的应用前景。     

含Euxyl K220的复合防腐剂在化妆品中的防腐效果研究

为寻求新型复合防腐剂,研究了含有Euxyl K220的不同种类复合防腐剂在化妆品基质中的作用效果并进行评价。选择4种防腐剂按照不同方法复配,利用微生物挑战性试验验证复配后的复合防腐剂在化妆品基质中的防腐效果。结果发现,对羟基苯甲酸甲酯质量分数低于0.1%时,含Euxyl K220的复合防腐剂抑制细菌效果稍好,抑制霉菌效果较差,不能通过挑战性试验,而当存在Euxyl PE9010时,抑制细菌、霉菌效果均较好,能通过挑战性试验;对羟基苯甲酸甲酯质量分数在0.1%~0.2%时,含Euxyl K220的复合防腐剂抑菌效果最好,Euxyl K220在相对较低的质量分数(0.08%)下即能通过挑战性试验。研究制备的对羟基苯甲酸甲酯(质量分数0.2%)和Euxyl K220(质量分数0.08%)复合防腐剂,以及对羟基苯甲酸甲酯(质量分数0.05%)、Euxyl K220(质量分数0.1%)和Euxyl PE9010(质量分数0.2%)复合防腐剂应用于受试样品中均通过了挑战性试验且用量较低,该两种新型复合防腐剂的应用可行性较高。     

HPLC法同时测定化妆品中的12种防腐剂

建立了化妆品中12种常用防腐剂(甲基氯异噻唑啉酮、2-溴-2-硝基丙烷-1,3-二醇、甲基异噻唑啉酮、苯甲醇、苯氧乙醇、苯甲酸、4-羟基苯甲酸甲酯、4-羟基苯甲酸乙酯、4-羟基苯甲酸异丙酯、4-羟基苯甲酸丙酯、4-羟基苯甲酸异丁酯、4-羟基苯甲酸丁酯)的HPLC检测方法。采用Waters symmetry(250 mm×4.6 mm×5μm)色谱柱,流动相为乙腈-0.1%(体积分数)磷酸,梯度洗脱,柱温35℃,DAD检测器,以各物质的紫外光谱数据和保留时间定性。检测波长设定为:甲基氯异噻唑啉酮和甲基异噻唑啉酮在280 nm检测,其余成分在254 nm检测。结果发现,在所建立的方法下,12种防腐剂的分离度良好、线性范围广、准确度高。     

果蔬保鲜剂的研究进展

针对果蔬在采摘后由于呼吸生理代谢、病原微生物侵染、储藏方法不当等问题引起腐烂损耗问题,人们常常利用化学保鲜剂与生物保鲜剂来抑制这些对果蔬贮藏的不利因素。果蔬保鲜剂的特性来可分为三大类:生物保鲜剂、化学保鲜剂、食品添加剂型保鲜剂,本文分别阐述了化这三类保鲜剂对果蔬保鲜的作用原理、发展现状和各自优缺点。并对今后果蔬保鲜剂的进展提出一些见解。     

天然保鲜剂的配比优化及其对牛肉保鲜效果的影响

牛肉贮藏期间易被微生物污染而发生腐败变质。为延长冷鲜牛肉的货架期,使用无毒、健康、安全的天然保鲜剂对牛肉进行保鲜的研究备受关注。本试验采用抑菌试验,以大肠杆菌与金黄色葡萄球菌的对象菌,以抑菌圈直径为检测指标,进行了茶多酚、乳酸链球菌素(Nisin)、壳聚糖三种天然保鲜剂抑菌的单因素试验,得出三种保鲜剂适合的抑菌浓度;采用正交试验优化了三种天然保鲜剂协同保鲜的配比。并以未经保鲜剂处理的冷藏牛肉为对照,进行了该天然保鲜剂对冷藏牛肉保鲜效果的研究。研究结果表明:三种天然保鲜剂协同抑菌的最适配比为:0.10%茶多酚+1.00%壳聚糖+0.08%Nisin,可将牛肉的货架期从5 d延长至11 d。本研究为冷鲜牛肉的保鲜开发出一种天然保鲜剂,对牛肉产业的发展提供一定的技术指导。     

乳酸钠对肉及肉制品防腐保鲜作用的研究进展

乳酸钠是一种天然、无毒、无甜度、低热量的食品防腐剂。由于我国冷藏运输各环节比较薄弱,在很大程度上限制了肉及肉制品的流通,因此添加无害添加剂处理以延长其货架期具有重要的现实意义。本文对乳酸钠的抑菌机理、乳酸钠和其他防腐措施联用对防腐保鲜效果的影响进行了详细综述,并指出未来的重点研究方向是将乳酸钠与物理作用联用以延长食品货架期,将乳酸钠整合在预测模型中预测腐败菌的生长或失活,进而对肉及肉制品腐败程度进行实时监控。