In vitro gastrointestinal digestion of polyphenols from different molasses (pekmez) and leather (pestil) varieties

In this study, to evaluate the in vitro bioaccessibility of eight different pekmez and pestil samples, total phenolics, flavonoids, proanthocyanidins, anthocyanins and antioxidant capacity were determined at different phases of simulated gastrointestinal (GI) digestion. For the analysis of antioxidant activity, four different methods were used including 2,2‐azinobis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline)‐6‐sulfonic acid, 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazil, ferric reducing antioxidant power and cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity. The results revealed that the dialysed fraction (IN) represented 12–50%, 3–17% and 3–72% of the total phenolics, flavonoids and proanthocyanidins, respectively. Moreover, total antioxidant capacity of IN fraction was 2–57% of the initial values obtained for pekmez and pestil samples. To identify the influence of simulated in vitro GI digestion on total anthocyanins, only black mulberry molasses (pekmez) and plum leather (pestil) were analysed and according to the results no anthocyanins were detected in the IN fraction for both samples. The present study presented a detailed insight of bioaccessibility of polyphenols in various pekmez and pestil samples.     

葡萄籽中原花青素的稳定性研究

研究了原花青素在不同条件下的稳定性，结果表明：原花青素光稳定性较差；低pH值稳定性较好；热稳定性较好，但在60℃以上温度时原花青素会受到一定影响；添加剂Vc、亚硫酸氢钠可提高葡萄籽原花青素的稳定性；Fe^2＋和Sn^2＋对原花青素有明显的破坏作用，Cu^2＋、Pb^2＋、Mn^2＋影响较小，Al^3＋、Zn^2＋、Na^＋、Mg^2＋影响较大。     

The DMACA–HCl Protocol and the Threshold Proanthocyanidin Content for Bloat Safety in Forage Legumes

A protocol using HCl-acidified 4-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde (DMACA) was developed for screening proanthocyanidins (PA) in plants. Individual PA-containing cells could be observed following staining of decolourised leaves with DMACA. The quantitative assay using DMACA-HCl to detect soluble PA and butanol–HCl to detect insoluble PA could detect PA content lower than 0·4 mg g⁻¹ dry matter (DM). The DMACA–HCl protocol is recommended for PA detection in low-PA plants because of its higher sensitivity than vanillin–acid protocols. Twenty-two forage legume species, most of which had been reported free of leaf PA but bloat-safe, were re-examined using the DMACA–HCl protocol. PA-positive cells were observed in leaves of 15 species. Measurable amounts of PA were detected in leaves of seven species, with the PA content ranging from 0·6 to 11 mg g⁻¹ DM. White clover ( Trifolium repens L), red clover ( T pratense L) and lucerne ( Medicago sativa L) were also found to have PA-positive leaf trichomes. By analysis of these data and the literature, the threshold PA content for bloat safety in forage legumes was estimated to be 1–5 mg PA g⁻¹ DM.     

均匀设计优化超临界CO2提取含原花青素的葡萄籽油

以原花青素的提取率和葡萄籽的出油率为考察指标,利用均匀设计法对超临界CO2萃取时间、萃取压力、萃取温度进行了优化,得到最佳工艺条件为:萃取压力15 MPa,萃取时间3 h,萃取温度50 ℃;在最佳条件下葡萄籽出油率为(10.92±0.25)%,原花青素提取率为(23.4±7.2)mg/100 g.在加入无水乙醇夹带剂的前提下,利用超临界CO2萃取葡萄籽油,可以使油中含有原花青素,提高葡萄籽油的品质.     

原花青素降低脂质过氧化作用的研究

以高、中、低三种剂量的原花青素喂食小鼠45d,对照组给予等体积的蒸馏水,测定各项指标.实验结果是高剂量组与老龄对照组比较,MDA含量明显降低,血清SOD活力明显升高(P＜0.05),表明原花青素具有降低脂质过氧化作用.     

沙枣果肉原花青素的分离纯化

研究采用固相萃取、HPLC等方法对5种不同沙枣果肉原花青素提取物的分离纯化进行了深入研究,结果表明:石油醚沉淀和乙酸乙酯萃取对沙枣果肉原花青素(Elaeagnus angustifoliaL.Jujubes sarcocarp proanthocyanidins,ESPC)的分离效果明显;石油醚沉淀ESPC和乙酸乙酯萃取ESPC均含有较高的原花青素低聚体,而两者的水相提取物中则含有少量的原花青素高聚体及其他一些杂质;石油醚沉淀对ESPC粗提物的分离效果要优于乙酸乙酯萃取。     

微波对葡萄籽中低聚原花青素(OPC''''s)提取的影响

探索了微波对从葡萄籽中提取低聚原花青素的影响，实验结果为：功率为500W，时间为15in．料液比为1：9，在此条件下提取率达到38％，超过传统水煮法。     

沙棘籽原花色素对卵磷脂脂质体氧化的抑制和促进作用

分别采用2,2’-盐酸脒基丙烷（AAPH）和Cu^2＋引发的卵磷脂脂质体氧化模型体系,以共轭二烯氢过氧化物为指标,通过监测氧化的动力学过程,研究了沙棘籽原花色素对氧化的抑制和促进作用。结果表明：沙棘籽原花色素显著抑制AAPH诱导的卵磷脂脂质体氧化,抑制效果强于葡萄籽原花青素,抑制作用与清除水溶性过氧自由基和脂过氧化物自由基有关;低浓度沙棘籽原花色素促进Cu^2＋催化的卵磷脂脂质体氧化,高浓度则抑制Cu^2＋催化的卵磷脂脂质体氧化。     

莲房原花青素体外抗肿瘤作用研究

目的:研究莲房原花青素(LSPC)的相对分子量分布及体外抗肿瘤作用。方法:用ESI-MS分析LSPC,MTT法检测人肺癌LETP-2、胃腺癌SGC-7901、黑色素瘤A3753种细胞增殖,采用平板集落实验测定3种癌细胞集落形成。结果:LSPC的分子量范围为290.1～1154.3,是以二聚体为主的低聚原花青素;一定浓度的LSPC对3种瘤细胞均有抑制作用,当LSPC浓度为100μg/mL作用72h时对3种瘤细胞生长抑制率分别为62.6%、49.8%、77.0%;集落形成抑制率分别为77.0%、43.2%、95.3%。结论:LSPC体外对LETP-2、SGC-7901、A3753种瘤细胞有显著的抑制作用。     

低聚原花色素提取技术研究

分别以冷水、热水、乙酸乙酯 水、60％乙醇为提取剂,对葡萄籽中低聚原花色素进行提取研究。结果表明,以粉碎的葡萄籽、石油醚脱脂干燥后的葡萄籽壳为原料,乙酸乙酯 水为提取剂所得提取产物纯度高,提取率可达0.4％～o.6％,质量分数≥98％。