Simulation of producer gas flameless combustion with fresh reactant diluted by hot flue gas

Flameless combustion is considered as a flexible and efficient combustion process for low heating value gas fuel. This paper presents numerical simulations of premixed flameless combustion using producer gas as a fuel. Different initial conditions of the premixed fresh reactant (air/fuel mixture) and dilution levels are taken into account for the investigation. The numerical simulations were investigated using a network of chemical reactor models with the detailed reaction mechanism of GRI‐Mech 3.0. A threshold dilution level for flameless combustion fuelled by producer gas was determined. The numerical results show that dilution of the fresh reactant with hot combustion products and initial fresh reactant temperature play important roles in flameless combustion formation and its auto‐ignition behaviour, rather than equivalence ratio of the fresh reactant. In the flameless combustion regime, temperature and chemical concentrations were reduced while chemical kinetics process was decelerated, resulting in delay of the auto‐ignition process.     

Malaysia’s electricity market structure in transition

The Malaysian electricity industry evolved from a vertically integrated utility into a single-buyer model, which considered a precursor to deregulation and a competitive market. This study considers electricity sector reform in Malaysia and proposes a market structure for the industry. We focus on the single-buyer model and the pool model for the analysis with the recommendation on reform stages required to ensure a smooth and successful market transition. A smooth transition from regulated market into deregulated market will ensure market stability and sustainability of the energy market. It will also provide enough time for the market participants to adapt and transit from regulated to deregulated energy market.     

Generation expansion planning in electricity markets: A novel framework based on dynamic stochastic MPEC

This paper presents a novel framework for generation expansion planning (GEP) of restructured power systems under uncertainty in a multi-period horizon, which includes generation investment from a price maker perspective. The investment problem is modeled as a bi-level optimization problem. The first level problem includes decisions related to investment in order to maximize total profit in the planning horizon. The second level problem consists of maximizing social welfare where the power market is cleared. Rival uncertainties on offering and investment are modeled using sets of scenarios. The bi-level optimization problem is then converted to a dynamic stochastic MPEC and represented as a mixed integer linear program (MILP) after linearization. The proposed framework is examined on a typical six-bus power network, MAZANDARAN regional electric company (MREC) transmission network as an area of IRAN interconnected power system and IEEE RTS 24-bus network. Simulation results confirm that the proposed framework can be a useful tool for analyzing the behavior of investments in electricity markets.     

基于面向对象的单元自动化测试工具研究

阐述了面向对象系统中单元测试的概念，针对面向对象的单元自动化测试给出了理想的自动化测试工具体系结构，并对在理想状况下如何实现自动化的相关问题进行了探讨，以实现完全自动化。     

西方生产者服务业空间结构研究及其启示

遵循城市空间结构的研究框架,从形式研究、过程研究和机制研究三方面系统回顾西方生产者服务业空间结构研究的进展,梳理了西方生产者服务业空间结构研究的主要理论观点,阐明了对我国相关研究的启示和借鉴意义.     

Performance of a twin cylinder dual-fuel diesel engine using blends of neat Karanja oil and producer gas

In the present study, performance and emission analysis are done in a twin cylinder four-stroke dual-fuel diesel engine in two cases of operation. In the first case, the engine is tested using diesel, K10 (10% neat oil+90% diesel) and K20 (20% neat oil+80% diesel) in single mode and in the dual-fuel mode with an optimum producer gas flow rate of 21.49 kg/h under different load conditions. In the second case, the engine is tested using the same test fuels in the dual-fuel mode at different gas flow rates under a constant load of 10 kW. The study reveals that the dual-fuel operation of all test fuels shows a lower engine performance and better control of smoke and oxide of nitrogen emission compared with their single-mode operation under all load conditions. Whereas other emission parameters such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and hydrocarbon are at a higher level.     

基于空间聚类分析的杭州市生产性服务业集聚区分布特征研究

运用空间数据挖掘技术中的空间聚类分析法,以商务办公楼宇为空间对象,以其地理位置为空间数据、建筑面积为属性数据进行空间聚类计算,对杭州市中心城区生产性服务业集聚区进行划分和判定.以这些集聚区为基本空间分析单元,杭州市生产性服务业的整体空间发展表现出向心集聚的特征,并且向集聚区集中的态势不断强化,生产性服务业集聚区的规模构成、功能特征与空间分布之间存在着某种关联性.分析结果表明,生产性服务业集聚区所在的或邻近的地域所承担的城市功能等级越高,集聚区的规模越大;生产性服务业集聚区的产业功能不同,空间区位分布也会不同,并在一定程度上受到地方劳动力市场空间分布的影响.在生产性服务业空间集聚发展过程中,产业自身发展与城市空间开发之间产生的矛盾,导致了生产性服务业总体上仍处于相对分散的布局,建议在空间开发模式、区位选址以及开发容量三个方面进行合理的规划引导.     

利用固定床煤气发生炉处理甲醇废水

简介了用驯化菌种生化处理和用固定床煤气发生炉处理含3%甲醇废水的技术.试验表明,用煤气发生炉处理的方法可行,效益显著.     

国际人造金刚石行业近期发展态势（上）

人造金刚石的应用从最初的工业应用领域发展到宝石级人造金刚石用于珠宝行业然后又发展到纪念品钻石服务于丧事家庭和特殊礼品等。文章阐述了工业用人造金刚石、宝石级人造金刚石与纪念品钻石的最新进展以及工业用人造金刚石在高科技与各工业部门的最新应用。全面反映国际工业用人造金刚石、宝石级人造金刚石和纪念品钻石技术的当前发展水平以及人造金刚石的未来发展趋势。此外,对国际上主要的工业用人造金刚石生产企业以及宝石级人造金刚石与纪念品钻石生产厂家的发展作简单介绍。     

SINOPEC Invests for Overseas Expension

Sinope buys out Lukoil from Kazakh Venture
China further strengthened its position in oil-rich Kazakhstan with its state firm Sinopec paying US$1.2 billion to buy out Russia＇s No.2 oil producer Lukoil from a venture there. Sinopec, Asia＇s largest oil refiner, will become the sole owner of Caspian Investment Resources Ltd, after the deal is completed before the end of 2014.