基于循环伏安法研究槲皮素醌与亲核物质的相互作用

多酚氧化形成的醌类物质作为强亲电体可能与食品体系中多种亲核物质作用,进而引发系列营养与安全问题。利用电化学工作站研究了酸性(pH 5.0)、中性(pH 7.0)和碱性(pH 8.0)条件下槲皮素醌与5种氨基化合物、2种巯基化合物以及牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的相互作用。结果表明:槲皮素醌在pH 7.0或pH 8.0条件下与8种亲核物质的互作效率显著高于pH 5.0;相同作用条件下,槲皮素醌与巯基化合物互作效率显著优于氨基化合物;在pH 7.0、扫描速率10 mV/s的条件下,槲皮素醌(0.08 mmol/L,以槲皮素计)与5种氨基化合物(16.0 mmol/L)互作效率排序为:L-赖氨酸(55.13%±5.37%)>L-精氨酸(39.58%±4.64%)>L-甲硫氨酸(17.80%±2.72%)>甘氨酸(~0.00%)≈Nα-乙酰-L-赖氨酸(~0.00%),槲皮素醌(0.08 mmol/L,以槲皮素计)与2种巯基化合物及BSA(0.048 mmol/L)互作效率排序为:L-半胱氨酸(63.17%±1.51%)>Nα-乙酰-L-半胱氨酸(54.28%±2.60%)>BSA(37.55%±5.98%)。研究表明:槲皮素氧化形成的醌类物质可以化学改性蛋白质,消耗体系必需氨基酸。     

Isolation and characterization of components responsible for neuroprotective effects of Allium cepa outer scale extract against ischemia reperfusion induced cerebral injury in mice

The antioxidant-mediated neuroprotective effect of Allium cepa outer scale extract (ACE) in mice with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) injury was demonstrated in our earlier work. The current investigation aimed at establishing the bioactive component(s) responsible for this activity. Thus ACE was fractionated into ethyl acetate (EF) and aqueous (AF) fractions. These fractions were evaluated against cerebral I-R injury in mice. I-R injury in mice was induced by bilateral common carotid artery occlusion followed by 24 hr reperfusion. Memory, sensorimotor functions, cerebral infarct size, and oxidative stress were measured to address the neuroprotective mechanism of test substances. EF showed marked improvement of memory and sensorimotor functions by reducing brain oxidative stress and infarct size in mice after I-R injury. The bioactive EF was subjected to chromatographic (HPLC-PDA, HPLC-MS, preparative HPLC) and spectroscopic studies to isolate and identify the neuroprotective compounds. This lead to separation of three components, namely quercetin, quercetin 4′-O-glucoside, and the remaining fraction, from EF. The separated components were biologically evaluated. These components showed improvement in mice with I-R injury. But, EF displayed more marked neuroprotective effects as compared to the isolated components. The distinct neuroprotective outcome of EF may be credited to the synergistic action of compounds present in EF. Further studies such as evaluation of neurotoxic effects and other possible neuroprotective mechanisms are required to develop EF as a neuroprotective drug.     

Designing amorphous formulations of polyphenols with naringin by spray-drying for enhanced solubility and permeability

Naringin (NAR), a major flavanone (FVA) glycoside, is a component of food mainly obtained from grapefruit. We used NAR as a food additive to improve the solubility and permeability of hydrophobic polyphenols used as supplements in the food industry. The spray-dried particles (SDPs) of NAR alone show an amorphous state with a glass transition temperature (T_g) at 93.2 °C. SDPs of hydrophobic polyphenols, such as flavone (FVO), quercetin (QCT), naringenin (NRG), and resveratrol (RVT) were prepared by adding varying amounts of NAR. All SDPs of hydrophobic polyphenols with added NAR were in an amorphous state with a single T_g, but SDPs of hydrophobic polyphenols without added NAR showed diffraction peaks derived from each crystal. The SDPs with NAR could keep an amorphous state after storage at a high humidity condition for one month, except for SDPs of RVT/NAR. SDPs with NAR enhanced the solubility of hydrophobic polyphenols, especially NRG solubility, which was enhanced more than 9 times compared to NRG crystal. The enhanced solubility resulted in the increased membrane permeability of NRG. The antioxidant effect of the hydrophobic NRG was also enhanced by the synergetic effect of NAR. The findings demonstrated that NAR could be used as a food additive to enhance the solubility and membrane permeability of hydrophobic polyphenols.     

Improved aqueous solubility,bioaccessibility and cellular uptake of quercetin following pH-driven encapsulation in whey protein isolate

The purpose of this study was to increase the water solubility and potential bioavailability of quercetin by encapsulation in whey protein isolate (WPI) based on a green, efficient pH-driven method. According to the results, the water solubility of quercetin increased by 346.9: times after loading into WPI nanoparticles. When the initial quercetin concentration was 0.25 mg mL⁻¹ and WPI was 2% w/v, the encapsulation efficiency reached 94.1%, the Z-average diameter was 36.63 nm, and the zeta potential was −36.4 mV at pH 7.0. The fluorescence spectroscopy assay suggested the molecular complexation of quercetin and WPI at pH 12.0. X-ray diffraction assay indicated the enclosure of amorphous quercetin in WPI. Correspondingly, the bioaccessibility increased from 2.76% to 31.23% and the Caco-2 cell monolayer uptake increased from 0% to 2.12% after nanoencapsulation. This work confirmed that the pH-driven method is an effective approach to prepare WPI–quercetin nanocapsules to improve physical and potentially biological properties of quercetin.     

超声波提取赶黄草中槲皮素方法的研究

研究了赶黄草中槲皮素的最佳提取条件。采用超声提取,用紫外分光光度法,以芦丁作为对照,在370 nm处测定槲皮素的含量。结果显示:赶黄草最佳提取条件为以浓度为60%乙醇,超声功率50 W,超声温度55℃,料液比1∶25,超声时间60 min,槲皮素浸出率最高。超声提取工艺稳定、简单可行。     

离子液体修饰碳糊电极测定海红果中的槲皮素

用离子液体1-甲基-3-丁基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([bmim]PF6)作修饰剂制备了离子液体修饰碳糊电极(IL/CPE)。在0.2 mol/L B-R(p H 3.2±0.1)缓冲溶液中,采用循环伏安法研究了槲皮素在该修饰电极上的电化学行为,建立了测定槲皮素的新方法。研究表明,槲皮素在IL/CPE电极上的氧化、还原峰电位差比在裸碳糊电极(CPE)上的小,而峰电流却显著增加,说明IL/CPE对槲皮素有电催化作用;在循环伏安曲线上,槲皮素的峰电流与其浓度在0.1~50μmol/L呈良好的线性关系,其线性方程为ip(μA)=3.941 3+0.211 9 c(μmol/L),线性相关系数为0.999 4,检出限为3.0×10-8mol/L。该法用于测定海红果中的槲皮素取得了较好的结果。     

Silica/quercetin sol–gel hybrids as antioxidant dental implant materials

Abstract

The development of biomaterials with intrinsic antioxidant properties could represent a valuable strategy for preventing the onset of peri-implant diseases. In this context, quercetin, a naturally occurring flavonoid, has been entrapped at different weight percentages in a silica-based inorganic material by a sol–gel route. The establishment of hydrogen bond interactions between the flavonol and the solid matrix was ascertained by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. This technique also evidenced changes in the stretching frequencies of the quercetin dienonic moiety, suggesting that the formation of a secondary product occurs. Scanning electron microscopy was applied to detect the morphology of the synthesized materials. Their bioactivity was shown by the formation of a hydroxyapatite layer on sample surface soaked in a fluid that simulates the composition of human blood plasma. When the potential release of flavonol was determined by liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet and electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry techniques, the eluates displayed a retention time that was 0.5 min less than quercetin. Collision-activated dissociation mass spectrometry and untraviolet-visible spectroscopy were in accordance with the release of a quercetin derivative. The antiradical properties of the investigated systems were evaluated by DPPH and ABTS methods, whereas the 2,7-dichlorofluorescein diacetate assay highlighted their ability to inhibit the H₂O₂-induced intracellular production of reactive oxygen species in NIH-3T3 mouse fibroblast cells. Data obtained, along with data gathered from the MTT cytotoxicity test, revealed that the materials that entrapped the highest amount of quercetin showed notable antioxidant effectiveness.     

A review of the antioxidant potential of medicinal plant species

Some researchers suggest that two-thirds of the world's plant species have medicinal value; in particular, many medicinal plants have great antioxidant potential. Antioxidants reduce the oxidative stress in cells and are therefore useful in the treatment of many human diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular diseases and inflammatory diseases. This paper reviews the antioxidant potential of extracts from the stems, roots, bark, leaves, fruits and seeds of several important medicinal species. Synthetic antioxidants such as butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) and butylated hydroxylanisole (BHA) are currently used as food additives, and many plant species have similar antioxidant potentials as these synthetics. These species include Diospyros abyssinica, Pistacia lentiscus, Geranium sanguineum L., Sargentodoxa cuneata Rehd. Et Wils, Polyalthia cerasoides (Roxb.) Bedd, Crataeva nurvala Buch-Ham., Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn, Teucrium polium L., Dracocephalum moldavica L., Urtica dioica L., Ficus microcarpa L. fil., Bidens pilosa Linn. Radiata, Leea indica, the Lamiaceae species, Uncaria tomentosa (Willd.) DC, Salvia officinalis L., Momordica Charantia L., Rheum ribes L., and Pelargonium endlicherianum. The literature reveals that these natural antioxidants represent a potentially side effect-free alternative to synthetic antioxidants in the food processing industry and for use in preventive medicine.     

槲皮素及其衍生物的抗肿瘤活性研究进展

总结国内外在槲皮素对肿瘤预防和治疗方面的研究现状。采用ISI、Pub Med和CHKD数据库,检索1994.01~2014.04.06,以"槲皮素"为主题词,共有30 851条英文文献,1 847条中文文献。以"槲皮素、衍生物、肿瘤、预防、治疗"为纳入标准,符合条件的英文文献249条、中文文献44条。槲皮素是一种潜在的癌症化学预防及治疗药物,对多种肿瘤细胞生长具有抑制作用,其机制主要包括调节抑癌基因表达、阻断细胞周期、诱导细胞凋亡、阻滞侵袭及转移以及其显著的抗氧化作用等。对槲皮素进行结构修饰得到的衍生物可有效地改善其水溶性及抗肿瘤活性。槲皮素及其衍生物对多种肿瘤细胞的生长具有抑制作用,槲皮素在肿瘤化学预防方面起着重要作用。