The impacts of a GTL plant on Brazil's oil products supply and refinery expansion

This paper assesses the impacts of a GTL plant on the expansion of Brazil's oil refining segment. The GTL plant (50,000 bpd) was sized to start up operations in 2015, producing diesel and naphtha through the indirect route (FT-synthesis). This plant will consume the non-associated natural gas production from the recent discoveries at the Santos Basin (around 419 Bm³), and the associated gas production from the Campos Basin. Both basins are located in the Southeast of Brazil, the most populated, rich and industrialized region of the country. Two different criteria for refinery expansion were simulated in order to meet oil product demand scenarios. Findings show that depending on the refinery expansion criteria considered GTL will play a fundamental hole to meet the oil product demand forecast to Brazil in the next 10 years.     

Retaining maximum antioxidative potency of wheat germ oil refined by molecular distillation

A process of physical refining wheat germ oil using the technique of molecular distillation (MD) is presented in this work. Wheat germ oil was obtained from the germ by solvent extraction using hexane and also by cold pressing. The oil extracted with hexane was degummed and bleached before deacidification in order to modify the parameters of phosphorus and color. The goal in carrying out the stage of physical refining by MD was to preserve the maximum amount of original antioxidative potential obtained from extraction of the crude oil. The effect of evaporation temperature of one‐stage MD on the efficiency of free fatty acid elimination was studied. The antioxidant portion was followed by means of analytic determination of tocopherols by high‐performance liquid chromatography. Tocopherol retention up to 98% was achieved in the oil extracted by pressing, and yields of up to 96% were achieved in the oil extracted with hexane. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry     

炼油化工装置技术改造的决策与实施

针对炼油和石化工业装置技术改造的特点，系统地总结了技术改造的类型和改造方案的制定、决策及实施的原则、程序和方法，指出对炼化装置实施技术改造是一项极其复杂、极具难度的系统工程，必须结合实际情况，以投资回报最大化为原则，通过深入细致地研究和反复比选优化改造方案，并结合现场情况制定切实、可靠、安全的实施方案。     

普通热轧钢材的合理洁净度及生产工艺探讨

钢凝固前、后生成的非金属夹杂物形貌和在钢中的分布特点不同,凝固前生成的夹杂物尺寸较大,在钢中随机分布,主要影响钢材的疲劳强度和延性等性能。凝固后生成的夹杂物尺寸小,主要在晶界富集析出。硅锰脱氧钢脱氧后钢液仍含有20×10-6以上溶解氧,这部分溶解氧在钢凝固后绝大多数会转变为微细的氧化物或氧硫化物夹杂。钢凝固后生成的夹杂物主要影响钢材的冲击韧性、韧-脆转换温度等性能。 对热轧长型材用普碳钢和低合金钢不必采用铁水脱硫预处理,对热轧钢板用普碳钢可采用铁水轻度脱硫预处理,对热轧钢板用低合金高强度钢可采用铁水脱硫预处理、炼钢过程抑制回硫和出钢过程脱硫的工艺。对超低硫低合金钢,在钢水炉外精炼脱硫处理过程钢-渣间须维持非常低的氧势,炉渣成分应控制在CaO:SiO2:Al2O3=60％～65％:4％-8％:30％～35％范围。 普通热轧长型材用钢脱氧后溶解氧含量可放宽至(30-50)×10-6,对中、厚板钢溶解氧含量必须较严格控制,最好采用铝脱氧将溶解氧控制在较低的水平,并将T[O]含量控制在50×10-6以下。采用降低炼钢终点钢水氧含量、出钢挡渣、CAS和CAB等较简易炉外精炼方法和防止铸坯夹渣等措施,能够生产满足普通热轧钢洁净度要求的高品质钢材。     

提高润滑油基础油氧化安定性的组合工艺

以生产润滑油基础油的老三套工艺为基础，开发了改善油品氧化安定性的组合工艺。该工艺的主要特点是包括一步络合脱氮过程。实验证明，该组合工艺既可以有效地提高基础油的氧化安定性，又能降低溶剂精制深度，提高基础油收率。     

我国炼油技术开发的若干思考与建议

分析了我国炼油工业面临的挑战，世界炼油工业的发展趋势，提出了我国炼油技术开发要围绕符合国情的清洁燃料生产技术，炼油与化工结合的炼油技术，适合现有炼油装置技术改造、提高技术水平，降低加工成本的技术，渣油转化技术，煤制油，天然气制油技术，炼油厂智能化的技术，减少炼油厂烟尘排放的技术等7个方面开展工作的具体建议。     

中国石油润滑油基础油生产技术现状及发展

介绍中国石油润滑油基础油生产能力、原油资源及工艺特点，酮苯脱蜡、糠醛精制、白土补充精制、高压加氢基础油生产技术现状。针对加氢法生产的Ⅱ/Ⅲ类润滑油基础油将取代传统工艺生产的I类润滑油基础油的发展趋势，提出利用加氢裂化尾油采用加氢异构脱蜡工艺生产Ⅱ/Ⅲ类润滑油基础油的全加氢工艺，加氢裂化尾油与老三套结合生产HVI高粘度指数基础油，是中国石油润滑油基础油升级换代发展方向。     

莱钢焦化厂精苯生产加热改造方案

莱钢焦化厂以导热油代替蒸汽用于精苯生产及导热油炉工艺，经合理设定各项操作参数，提高了精苯加工能力，解决了蒸汽压力不足影响精苯生产的难题．