Compositional design,structure stability,and microwave dielectric properties in Ca3MgBGe3O12 (B = Zr,Sn) garnet ceramics with tetravalent cations on B-site

Two garnet-structured Ca₃MgBGe₃O₁₂ (B = Zr, Sn) ceramics with tetravalent cations at B-site were prepared by conventional solid state reaction. The crystal structure, microstructure evolution, and microwave dielectric performance were investigated using X-ray powder diffraction, Rietveld refinement, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and infrared spectroscopy techniques. Dense Ca₃MgZrGe₃O₁₂ and Ca₃MgSnGe₃O₁₂ ceramics were obtained at sintering temperatures of 1420 and 1400 °C, respectively. The dielectric constant, unloaded quality factor, and temperature coefficient of resonance frequency of Ca₃MgZrGe₃O₁₂ were 10.80 ± 0.2; 79,600 ± 1000 GHz (f = 12.61 GHz); and ?66.8 ± 1 ppm/°C, respectively, and the corresponding values for Ca₃MgSnGe₃O₁₂ were 9.68 ± 0.2; 83,400 ± 1000 GHz (f = 14.19 GHz); and ?57.9 ± 1 ppm/°C, respectively. The dielectric performances of the two ceramics were compared by analyzing the ionic polarizability, packing fraction, and bond valence. The intrinsic dielectric properties were predicted by fitting the infrared reflectivity spectra.     

Chemical bond characteristics and infrared reflectivity spectrum of a novel microwave dielectric ceramic CaIn2O4 with near-zero τf

Orthorhombic-structured CaIn₂O₄ ceramics with a space group Pca2₁ were synthesized via a solid-state reaction method. A high relative density (95.6 %) and excellent microwave dielectric properties (ε_r ～11.28, Qf = 74,200 GHz, τ_f ～ ?4.6 ppm/°C) were obtained when the ceramics were sintered at 1375 °C for 6 h. The dielectric properties were investigated on the basis of the Phillips–Van Vechten–Levine chemical bond theory. Results indicated that the dielectric properties were mainly determined by the InO bonds in the CaIn₂O₄ ceramics. These bonds contributed more (74.65 %) to the dielectric constant than the CaO bonds (25.35 %). Furthermore, the intrinsic dielectric properties of the CaIn₂O₄ ceramics were investigated via infrared reflectivity spectroscopy. The extrapolated microwave dielectric properties were ε_r ～10.12 and Qf = 112,200 GHz. Results indicated that ion polarization is the main contributor to the dielectric constant in microwave frequency ranges.     

Data erasure in Fabry–Perot Diode Lasers: effects of facet reflectivity

ABSTRACT

In this study, the effects of facet reflectivity on the data erasure ability of injection-locked Fabry Perot Laser Diode (FPLD), based on a remodulation method in wavelength division multiplexed passive optical network (WDM PON), were investigated. For this purpose, the feasible front facet reflectivity of FPLD was determined as between 0.2% and 7%, depending on the specified injected power interval. Firstly, the system carried out analysis without applying data at the user end to comprehensively demonstrate how much downstream data was completely erased in FPLD. Then, 2.5 Gb/s of non-return-to-zero (NRZ) data was applied and the results compared with the erased downstream signal without data. The results show that upstream transmission improved with an increase in facet reflectivity between 0.2% and 7%.     

混合型开槽同轴布喇格结构的比较研究

基于电磁仿真软件(Computer Simulation Technology,CST)平台,对几种不同开槽形状同轴布喇格结构的频率响应特性分别进行了数值模拟比较研究.结果表明:三角形开槽带宽最窄而矩形开槽带宽最宽;交替混合型开槽时耦合模式的反射率明显提高,而分半混合型开槽时不仅耦合模式的反射率提高,且其带宽也明显变宽,但两种开槽方式时工作模式的反射率和带宽都位于单一开矩形槽和三角形槽之间;叠加混合型开槽克服了单一矩形槽和三角形槽存在奇点和边界突变的缺点,对模式的选择性能优于矩形开槽,反射率和带宽又大于正弦开槽和三角形开槽,仅其谐振频率点有偏移.这些特点有利于同轴布喇格结构的模式选择、散热和工业生产.     

添加钇对 Pt-5Cu 合金组织结构和性能的影响

采用真空电弧熔炼方法制备了Pt-5Cu、Pt-4.9Cu-0.10Y和Pt-0.48Cu-0.20Y合金。利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、金相显微镜、显微硬度仪及分光光度计等研究了Pt-Cu及Pt-Cu-Y合金的物相组成、显微组织结构、力学性能及反射率。结果表明，钇对Pt-Cu合金的相结构无明显影响，当钇的添加量为0.20%时，Pt-Cu合金的晶粒尺寸显著细化，晶粒的平均尺寸由约150 μm降至约80 μm；细晶强化使Pt-Cu合金的维氏硬度显著增加到165；在可见光波段内，Pt-Cu及Pt-Cu-Y合金的反射率无明显差别。     

纤维增强外保温复合墙体的研究与实践

近十年来，北京地区采用聚苯乙烯泡沫塑料和水泥聚苯板纤维增强的外墙外保温复合墙体总面积已达３０万ｍ２以上。本文介绍了北京市建筑设计研究院和冶金部建筑研究总院合作开发的此两种保温材料的外墙外保温复合墙体的设计、施工技术以及复合墙体的技术性能和技术经济分析。     

基于激光积分球反射计的集成黑体发射率测量研究

集成黑体发射率是评价其有效光谱辐射亮度不确定度的关键贡献项。建立了激光积分球反射计测量系统,对中国计量科学研究院制备的集成空腔的法向光谱发射率进行了实验研究和模拟验证。在633nm的波长下测量了集成黑体法向光谱发射率,测量结果的标准不确定度优于0.043%。结果表明:集成黑体辐射源在室温条件下的有效发射率高于0.998,与STEEP3蒙特卡罗模拟计算结果偏差在0.04%之内。实验结果与数值模拟的一致性在测量结果不确定度内吻合良好,验证了激光积分球发射计法用于评价集成黑体发射率的可行性。     

A Low‐Cost Method to Evaluate Absorber Reflectivity Using an Antenna with a Small Radiating Aperture and Frequency‐Domain Instrument

We propose a way to measure the absorber reflectivity at a low cost. Only one simple antenna with a small radiating aperture and a frequency‐domain instrument are utilized. The previously used equation for calculating the reflectivity of an absorber is inaccurate, and, therefore, a new equation is derived based on multiple reflection analysis and three test models. Notably, the reflection coefficient of the antenna is included in the derived equation. The accuracy of the proposed method is proven through simulation and measurements. It can be easily applied to a product examination by absorber manufacturers and customers owing to its advantages of simplicity, cost effectiveness, and non‐cutting examination.     

理论分析光偏振对导光管光传输效率的影响

光传输效率(LTE)是衡量导光管采光性能的最重要参数。在导光管LTE计算中，常常忽略了光线在管中若干次镜面反射引起的光偏振的累积效应。因此，为厘清连续镜面反射引起光偏振的累积效应，通过光学理论分析与公式推导，在确定光偏振对镜面反射材质反射率的影响之后，首次揭示了导光管内壁反射率随反射次数的变化规律，以及反射率的变化对导光管LTE的影响。结果表明：单束自然光线每投射到管内壁一次，就会产生一次光偏振，并在两个正交分量上产生不同的反射率，即ρ_⊥和ρ_‖,且ρ_⊥≥ρ_‖;历次反射中ρ_⊥和ρ_‖数值保持不变，但整体反射率会随反射次数增多而逐渐变大，故导光管内光损速率会不断减缓；由此提出了导光管中单束光线的LTE表达式，为建立复杂光源下LTE数学计算模型，奠定了理论基础。     

Energy efficient surfaces on building sandwich panels—A dynamic simulation model

The choice of building envelope is critical for the energy performance of buildings. The major part of the energy used by a building during its lifetime is used for maintaining a suitable interior thermal climate under varying exterior conditions. Although exterior heat radiation properties (i.e. total solar reflectivity and long wave thermal emissivity) have been well accepted to have a large impact on the need for active cooling in warmer climate, the effect of a reduced thermal emissivity on interior surfaces on the building thermal energy flux is rarely studied. This paper addresses the sensitivity of the thermal energy flux through a sandwich panel, by systematically varying the surface thermal emissivity (both interior and exterior) and total solar reflectance of exterior surface, for three geographical locations: southern, middle and northern Europe. A model is introduced for calculating the effect of both interior and exterior optical properties of a horizontal roof panel in terms of net energy flux per unit area. The results indicate potential energy saving by the smart choice of optical properties of interior and exterior surfaces.