Research on phase shift characteristics of electromagnetic wave in plasma

The phase shift characteristics reflect the state change of electromagnetic wave in plasma sheath and can be used to reveal deeply the action mechanism between electromagnetic wave and plasma sheath. In this paper, the phase shift characteristics of electromagnetic wave propagation in plasma were investigated. Firstly, the impact factors of phase shift including electron density,collision frequency and incident frequency were discussed. Then, the plasma with different electron density distribution profiles were employed to investigate the influence on the phase shift characteristics. In a real case, the plasma sheath around the hypersonic vehicle will affect and even break down the communication. Based on the hypersonic vehicle model, we studied the electromagnetic wave phase shift under different flight altitude, speed, and attack angle. The results indicate that the phase shift is inversely proportional to the flight altitude and positively proportional to the flight speed and attack angle. Our work provides a theoretical guidance for the further research of phase shift characteristics and parameters inversion in plasma.     

Adsorption separation of condensate oil from produced water using ACTF prepared of oil palm leaves by batch and fixed bed techniques

A novel method is applied to produce amorphous carbon thin film (ACTF) from oil palm leaves. The novel prepared ACTF is in the form of thin films like graphene sheets having winding surface. ACTF was characterized by different methods of characterization: FTIR, BET, SEM, EDX, TEM, and Raman. ACTF employed as an adsorbent to separate emulsified condensate oil from synthetic produced water as a treatment process before reinjection in oil reservoirs. The adsorption performance of batch and fixed bed adsorption systems were investigated. Contact time, initial concentration of condensate oil ($C_o$ = 100–2500 mg/l) and temperature were studied by batch experiments. The obtained results indicated that the adsorption capacity and the removal efficiency increased with time up to 132.77 mg condensate/g adsorbent and 66.38% respectively, within 6 h equilibrium time at 308 K. The thermodynamic adsorption experiments conducted at 288, 308 and 318 K, referring exothermic nature of the adsorption process.The performance study of fixed bed adsorption described through the breakthrough curves concept with two parameters: column bed heights (5, 10 and 15 mm) and flow rate (2.2, 5 and 8.4 ml/min). Two models (Thomas and Yoon-Nelson models) were applied to expect different parameters of fixed bed as adsorption capacity and time need for 50% breakthrough. The results exhibited that 2.2 ml /min feed flowrate and 5 mm bed height at 1000 mg/l initial oil condensate concentration were the optimum conditions for the ACTF column. The experimental breakthrough curves showed acceptable fit with the calculated breakthrough profiles obtained by Thomas model.     

深层长水平段页岩气井趾端压裂滑套的研制

为打破国外公司的技术垄断、解决国内深层长水平段页岩气井第一段储层改造面临的技术难题,在明确应用环境及施工要求的基础上,开展了结构设计、室内试验与评价、配套固井工艺研究,研制出了一种能够满足高温、高压固井及大排量压裂施工要求的趾端压裂滑套,并在四川盆地长宁—威远国家级页岩气示范区内的长宁H7-5井开展了现场试验。结果表明:(1)自主研发的趾端压裂滑套通过井口打压的方式打开,形成第一段压裂或泵送通道,可替代连续油管第一段射孔作业;(2)趾端压裂滑套采用内表面特殊涂层设计、内滑套上行开启结构以及压裂喷砂孔暂堵设计,可提高滑套在固井环境中的适应能力、降低固井水泥对滑套正常开启的影响;(3)趾端压裂滑套采用破裂盘破裂开启滑套的方式,可提高滑套的开启精度,保证在高温、高压条件下工具能够精确开启。结论认为,所研制的趾端压裂滑套现场工艺操作简单,工具性能稳定、可靠,开启精度高,各项指标均达到了页岩气水平井固井、压裂设计和施工的要求,提高了施工作业的效率,降低了作业的风险和成本,在深层长水平段页岩气井第一段储层改造中具有较好的推广应用前景,对于深层页岩气藏实现效益开发具有重要的现实意义。     

The study of palm‐oil‐based bio‐polyol on the morphological,acoustic and mechanical properties of flexible polyurethane foams

The focus of this paper was to explore the acoustic properties of flexible polyurethane (FPU) foam modified by palm‐oil‐based polyol (POP). The presence of POP showed a marked influence on the microstructure and mechanical properties of FPU foam. A smaller mean pore diameter can be observed at lower POP content. Indeed, the introduction of POP caused a higher closed pore ratio and an increased air‐flow resistivity, which consequently improved the sound absorption coefficient and transmission loss. In particular, the acoustic performance of the all bio‐based FPU foam was enhanced at low frequency, and the density was lower than that of the reference foam. Additionally, the addition of POP also improved the compressive strength. Conversely, the tensile strength of FPU foam declined with increasing POP content. From this study, the outstanding acoustic ability of bio‐based FPU foam has been proved, with additional advantages of lower density and higher compressive strength. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry     

地下储气库注采井不同井段水泥环密封性能实验

针对我国西南地区首座地下储气库——相国寺储气库投产后注采井出现较大比例的B环空异常带压问题,采用室内实验的方法,根据注采井100 m、900 m、2 000 m垂深处温度和压力差异,设计了不同的水泥石养护温度和加载围压,并采用小尺寸的水泥环完整性测试装置基于应力等效原理测试了从井底到井口水泥环在试压和注采时的密封能力。实验结果表明:①井筒不同深度段水泥候凝温度和围压差异较大,同一种水泥浆体系在实际固井后沿井筒深度具有不同的机械性能,导致不同井段水泥环密封性能存在着巨大的差异;②交变载荷会导致水泥环的压实和累积损伤,加剧水泥环的密封失效;③注采井2 000 m处水泥环在试压和注采工况条件下,密封性完好,没有发生泄漏,1 000 m处水泥环在试压工况下能保持完好,在循环交变载荷下存在着水泥环密封失效的现象,井口附近100 m处水泥环在试压工况和注采工况时均出现了泄漏;④实验结果揭示,在试压和注采工况下,井筒中上部水泥环密封失效是造成B环空异常带压的根本原因。结论认为,该研究成果可以为提高地下储气库注采井固井水泥环密封的可靠性提供实验数据支撑。     

The structure of an electronegative magnetized plasma sheath with non-extensive electron distribution

In this paper, an electronegative magnetized plasma sheath model with non-extensive electron distribution is established, and the Bohm criterion affected by the non-extensive parameter q is theoretically derived. The ion Mach number varies with q. The numerical simulation results show that compared with electronegative magnetized plasma sheath with Maxwell distribution (q = 1), the sheath structures with super-extensive distribution (q < 1) and sub-extensive distribution (q > 1) are different. The physical quantities including the sheath potential distribution, ion density distribution, the electron density distribution, negative ion density distribution and the net space charge density distribution are discussed. It is shown that the non-extensive parameter q has a significant influence on the structure of the electronegative magnetized plasma sheath. Due to the Lorentz force, both the magnitude and the angle of the magnetic field affect the structure of the sheath, whether the electrons are Maxwell distributed or non-extensively distributed.     

Effect of the interfacial condition on the microtexture near the interface of Al/Cu composites during multi-pass caliber rolling

The local microtexture developments of Cu near the interface of Al-core/Cu-sheath composites during multi-pass caliber rolling are investigated using the finite element method in conjunction with a visco-plastic self-consistent model. Two models with different interfacial conditions between Al and Cu are used in order to investigate the effect of the interfacial condition. The resulting inverse pole figures and difference in ODFs for the different numbers of caliber rolling passes indicate that the Coulomb frictional contact condition between Al and Cu represents the final microtextures better than the fully bonded interfacial condition.