Physiochemical structure of semicoke derived from co-carbonization of coal and sawdust blends

The substitution of coal blending with sawdust had been widely investigated for metallurgical coke production. In this paper, the physiochemical structures of the semicoke derived from sawdust/coals blends co-coking were characterized by several analytical techniques including FTIR-ATR, XPS, NMR, OM, and SEM. Meanwhile, the influence of the sawdust on the physicochemical properties of the sawdust/coals blends were also investigated. Results indicated that partial substitution of coal blending with sawdust benefited from the formation of colloid and optical anisotropy due to the positive synergetic effect, whereas high proportion of sawdust (>10 wt%) inhibited the agglomeration of semi-coke. On the other hand, the semicoke consisted primarily of aromatic carbons replaced by the oxygen linked to carbons and aliphatic carbons when the coal blending was replaced by high proportion of sawdust, causing a less polyaromatic graphite-like structure formation in the semicoke.     

国内外主要粟类作物的种植、研究及产业化概况（网络首发、推荐阅读）

粟类作物是一类籽粒小、抗旱、耐贫瘠的一年生作物的统称，多种植和消费在亚洲和非洲的发展中国家，我国栽培面积比较大的是谷子和糜子。与种植和消费情况不同，亚洲、欧洲和美洲相对发达国家的政府更重视粟类作物的科学研究及其科研投入。我国国家自然科学基金资助发表的粟类研究论文居世界之首，欧洲委员会、英国研究与创新署、美国国家科学基金会资助的粟类研究论文数量排名紧跟其后。梳理了近5年发表的粟类科研论文，印度最多，其次是我国和美国。基于粟类作物富含膳食纤维、蛋白质、矿物质、多酚等，其具有多方面的健康功效，因此粟类的食品科学技术和植物科学成为最热的研究领域。最后阐述了国内外传统的和工业化的粟类产品情况。     

媒体融合背景下高校学生记者队伍培养策略

媒体融合发展是高校开展新闻宣传工作的必然要求，针对高校学生记者队伍建设中存在的问题，提出要以“选修课+线上学习资源+校内培训”为抓手，学习相关专业学科知识；以学校融媒体中心为基础，为学生记者提供实践平台；深化学生记者对媒体融合传播理念的认识，不断提升互联网思维和创新能力。     

Effects of Phosphoryl Oligosaccharides of Calcium (POs-Ca) on Mycelial Growth and Fruiting Body Development of the Edible Mushroom,Pleurotus ostreatus

Phosphoryl oligosaccharides of calcium (POs-Ca) is a calcium salt of phosphoryl maltooligosaccharides made from potato starch. POs-Ca is highly water-soluble and can supply both the calcium ion and acidic oligosaccharides in an aqueous solution. In this study, we investigated the effects of POs-Ca on the mycelial growth and fruiting body yield of Pleurotus ostreatus , which is one of the most widely cultivated edible mushrooms in the world. We cultivated the mushroom using both potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium and sawdust-based medium, with added calcium salts. The addition of POs-Ca into the PDA medium with a calcium concentration of 10 mg increased mycelial growth significantly ( p < 0.05, vs . control). POs-Ca addition to the sawdust-based medium at concentrations of 1.0 to 3.0 g/100 g medium increased the amount of calcium in the fruiting bodies but did not affect the length of the cultivation period or the weight of the fruiting body. The calcium content in the fruiting body increased 12-fold when compared to the control. On the other hand, neither the CaHPO ₄ ･2H ₂ O group nor the CaHPO ₄ ･2H ₂ O with oligosaccharides group showed changes in the calcium content of the fruiting bodies. Our results indicate that the use of POs-Ca in mushroom cultivation allows for the possibility of developing new functional foods like calcium-enriched edible mushrooms. This is the first report describing the effects of POs-Ca on mushroom cultivation.     

日本寒冷地带北海道抑制粳稻生成白未熟粒的栽培法（网络首发、推荐阅读）

白未熟粒的多发会使整粒率下降，降低检查等级，因此急需抑制其发生。白未熟粒中，乳白粒和基部未熟粒的发生率存在品种间差异。切除止叶减少光合作用，增肥导致每平方米稻谷数量的增加，疏植和育苗时高温引起早期异常抽穗所致的齐穗不良，以及收割时期的延迟等会造成白未熟粒的增多。此外倒伏还会导致青未熟粒、白未熟粒增多。在初期生长良好的情况下，从分蘖期开始的深水灌溉抑制了过剩的分蘖产生，增加了粒重和糙米产量，使糙米品质得以提高。由于成熟期的土壤过于干燥，因腹白粒产生引起的品质降低和千粒重减少会导致减产。从抽穗期到齐穗期10天后的茎叶到稻谷的每粒稻谷非结构性碳水化合物（NSC）流转量，以及粗糙米产量减去同一流转量的每粒稻谷NSC增加量越多，这些白未熟粒的产生就越少。为避免白未熟粒的多发，必须使施肥量、种植密度、育苗温室的温度管理、移植时期、成熟期的土壤水分和收割时期合理化，促进初期生长，用深水抑制过剩的分蘖。通过改善以上的栽培方法，以及1990年代中期后在共同干燥调制储藏设施中使用色选机选别糙米，北海道的一等米比例超过了日本全国的平均水平。     

食用百合高效生态栽培技术

文章从食用百合的经济意义入手,分析了现阶段百合生产存在的问题,总结了食用百合高效生态栽培技术,期望为食用百合的栽培提供理论基础与实践经验。     

培养条件及表面活性剂的添加对纳豆芽孢杆菌生物膜形成的影响

采用改良的微孔板法培养纳豆芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis natto),通过结晶紫染色定量分析产生的生物膜。结果表明:培养条件为pH 7、温度37℃、培养72 h且在5 g/100 mL葡萄糖-5 g/100 mL NaCl条件下成膜能力最佳。柠檬酸二铵和聚乙二醇-200(polyethylene glycol-200,PEG-200)随着质量浓度的增加对生物膜的形成量呈现先下降后上升的趋势,十二烷基磺酸钠(sodium dodecyl sulfate,SDS)抑制生物膜的形成,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide,CTAB)促进生物膜的形成。所以低温抑制生物膜的形成,一定浓度的NaCl和葡萄糖促进生物膜形成,不同的表面活性剂对其生物膜的影响机制不同,为纳豆芽孢杆菌生物膜的研究提供理论基础。     

番茄安全高效设施栽培技术

番茄是人们喜爱的一种蔬菜,品质的优劣决定于安全高效的栽培技术,文章从番茄对环境条件的要求、栽培类型、栽培季节、栽培技术的要求阐述番茄安全高效设施栽培技术。