Adsorption separation of condensate oil from produced water using ACTF prepared of oil palm leaves by batch and fixed bed techniques

A novel method is applied to produce amorphous carbon thin film (ACTF) from oil palm leaves. The novel prepared ACTF is in the form of thin films like graphene sheets having winding surface. ACTF was characterized by different methods of characterization: FTIR, BET, SEM, EDX, TEM, and Raman. ACTF employed as an adsorbent to separate emulsified condensate oil from synthetic produced water as a treatment process before reinjection in oil reservoirs. The adsorption performance of batch and fixed bed adsorption systems were investigated. Contact time, initial concentration of condensate oil ($C_o$ = 100–2500 mg/l) and temperature were studied by batch experiments. The obtained results indicated that the adsorption capacity and the removal efficiency increased with time up to 132.77 mg condensate/g adsorbent and 66.38% respectively, within 6 h equilibrium time at 308 K. The thermodynamic adsorption experiments conducted at 288, 308 and 318 K, referring exothermic nature of the adsorption process.The performance study of fixed bed adsorption described through the breakthrough curves concept with two parameters: column bed heights (5, 10 and 15 mm) and flow rate (2.2, 5 and 8.4 ml/min). Two models (Thomas and Yoon-Nelson models) were applied to expect different parameters of fixed bed as adsorption capacity and time need for 50% breakthrough. The results exhibited that 2.2 ml /min feed flowrate and 5 mm bed height at 1000 mg/l initial oil condensate concentration were the optimum conditions for the ACTF column. The experimental breakthrough curves showed acceptable fit with the calculated breakthrough profiles obtained by Thomas model.     

Cyanogenic,carotenoids and protein composition in leaves and roots across seven diverse population found in the world cassava germplasm collection at CIAT,Colombia

The objective of this study was to characterise the nutritional potential of leaves and identify a diversity centre with low cyanide and high nutrient content among 178 Latin American cassava genotypes. This field-based collection represents the seven diversity centres, held at The International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT Palmira, Colombia) by the Cassava Program. The cyanide, all-trans-β-carotene and lutein concentrations in cassava leaves ranged from 346 to 7484 ppm dry basis (db), from 174–547 μg g⁻¹ db and 15–181 μg g⁻¹ db, respectively. Cassava leaves also showed significant levels of essential amino acids leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, valine and threonine, and average total protein content of 26.24 g 100 g⁻¹ db. Among seven diversity centres, South American rainforest group showed low cyanide and high carotene content in leaves. In addition, VEN77 and PAN51 genotypes stood out for having low cyanide in leaves and roots and high carotene in leaves. This genetic diversity can be used to select high potential progenitors for breeding purposes.     

Phytoextraction technologies for mercury- and chromium-contaminated soil: a review

Mercury and chromium represent two important elements of environmental concern and with a strong impact on human health. Several technologies are available to clean up the environment from these kinds of contaminants, but most of them are costly and difficult to use to get optimum results. Currently, phytoextraction is an effective and affordable technological solution used to extract or remove metals from contaminated soil and water by the use of plants as tools. This technology is environment-friendly and potentially cost-effective. This paper aims to compile some information about the two metals mercury and chromium, their effects and their possible treatment by phytoextraction, a branch of phytoremediation technologies aimed to confront metal/metalloid pollution. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry     

油茶叶多酚的提取工艺优化及其体外抗氧化性的研究

以油茶叶为原料提取多酚,在单因素试验的基础上,采用响应面试验优化提取条件,并测定油茶叶多酚与VC清除DPPH·、ABTS~+·、O_2~-·的能力。结果表明:油茶叶多酚的最佳提取条件为提取时间35 min、提取温度69℃、乙醇体积分数32%、料液比1∶69,在此条件下,油茶叶多酚提取量为67. 31 mg/g;油茶叶多酚对DPPH·、ABTS+·、O_2~-·的最大清除率分别为90. 2%、100%、99. 04%,且体外抗氧化能力均优于VC。     

微波辅助消解-固相萃取-氢化物产生-原子荧光光谱联用检测乌龙茶茶叶中无机砷

目的建立微波辅助消解-固相萃取-氢化物产生-原子荧光光谱法测定乌龙茶茶叶中无机砷的分析检测方法。方法以0.06 mol/L HNO_3-3%H_2O_2为消解液,在最大微波功率800 W下,120℃微波消解35 min,提取茶叶中的无机砷,并基于As(Ⅲ)、As(Ⅴ)、一甲基砷(monomethylarsonic acid,MMA)和二甲基砷(dimethylarsinic acid,DMA)解离常数的差异,通过强阴离子交换柱(strong anion exchange cartridge,SAX)实现无机砷和有机砷的有效分离,最后采用氢化物产生-原子荧光光谱法进行无机砷含量测定。结果在0~30μg/L浓度范围内,无机砷的标准曲线方程线性良好(相关性系数r=0.9994),检出限(limit of detection,LOD)为0.208μg/L,样品加标回收率在95.7%~103.6%,相对标准偏差为1.8%~6.8%。结论该方法采用微波辅助消解结合固相萃取提取、分离茶叶中无机砷,具有效率高、成本低、易操作等优点,且可实现乌龙茶茶叶中无机砷高选择性、高灵敏度的分离分析检测。     

野菊茎叶多糖微波辅助法提取工艺及抗氧化活性研究

以野菊茎叶为原料,经脱色脱脂后用微波辅助法提取野菊茎叶中的多糖,用苯酚-硫酸法测定多糖的提取量。以料液比、提取温度、提取时间和微波功率为自变量,设计正交试验确定野菊茎叶多糖的最佳提取工艺条件,并通过Fenton体系和DPPH体系测试野菊茎叶多糖的抗氧化活性。结果表明,在料液比1:40(g/mL)、提取温度80℃、提取时间10min、微波功率450 W的条件下野菊茎叶多糖的提取量高达6.32%,微波辅助能快速提取野菊茎叶中的多糖,提取效果显著;野菊茎叶多糖对·OH和DPPH·有清除作用且存在着量效关系,野菊茎叶多糖具有抗氧化活性。     

响应面法优化超声辅助提取杜仲叶中的绿原酸

采用超声辅助法对杜仲叶中绿原酸的提取工艺进行研究。在单因素试验的基础上,采用Box-Benhnken中心组合进行三因素三水平的试验设计,通过回归分析各工艺参数与响应值之间的关系,并由此预测最佳的工艺条件。绿原酸含量通过高效液相色谱法(high performance liquid chromatography,HPLC)测定。结果表明,杜仲叶绿原酸最佳的提取工艺条件为:提取时间75 min,甲醇体积分数70%,超声功率270 W,提取温度45℃,绿原酸的提取得率预测值为2.532%,而在此试验条件下,绿原酸提取得率为2.529%。