微波程序消解—加标浓度直读法测定芝麻、花生、核桃中的钙

为建立一种快速简便、准确测定食品中钙的新方法,选用坚果为样品,微波程序消解后,采用离子选择性电极加标浓度直读法测定钙含量。结果表明:钙电极的转换系数为98.61%,相对标准偏差均小于4%。该法测定简便快速、读数直观、成本低廉、样品用量少,为食品中钙的测定提供了一种全新的分析技术,有较强的创新性和推广应用价值。     

Development and quality evaluation of a cereal-based breakfast product from yellow maize (Zea mays), sesame (Sesamum indicum) and mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) flour blends

Composite flours were prepared from blends of yellow maize (Zea mays), sesame seed (Sesamum indicum) and oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) powder in the ratio of 80:20:0; 75:20:5; 70:20:10; 65:20:15 and 60:20:20, respectively to produce the cereal-based breakfast product coded as YSB, SMB, TMB, PMB and OMB with YSB as the control. The breakfast cereals were produced by hydration and toasting of yellow maize and sesame to 160°C for 25 min and blended together with oven-dried and packaged oyster mushroom. The developed products were analysed for proximate, vitamins, minerals and sensory properties. The proximate composition (%) of different blends ranged as moisture (4.07–7.08), ash (3.09–2.28), crude fat (16.04–12.83), crude fibre (4.30–8.22), protein (16.14–22.54), carbohydrate (56.34–47.04) and energy (434.34–393.83 Kcal). Vitamin A (7.99–5.98 mg/100 g), vitamin B₁ (0.08–0.42 mg/100 g), vitamin B₂ (0.06–0.15 mg/100 g), vitamin B₃ (1.91–4.52 mg/100 g) and vitamin C (3.55–3.32 mg/100 g) were u while minerals (mg/100 g) were calcium (75.31–58.02), potassium (0.65–4.01), magnesium (12.25–12.62), iron (1.21–4.15) and zinc (0.40–1.32). Sensory scores revealed that the cereal-based breakfast product were acceptable to the panellist with oyster mushroom supplementation up to 10%.     

基于BP神经网络的近红外光谱法鉴别芝麻油品牌的研究

研究了一种用近红外光谱分析技术快速鉴别芝麻油品牌的方法。首先对芝麻油样品的近红外光谱采用主成分分析法进行聚类分析,加结合人工神经网络技术进行芝麻油品牌的鉴别。通过主成分分析,得到前15个主成分的累计可信度达到99.72%,再将55个校正集样品的前15个主成分数据作为BP网络输入变量,建立一个3层BP人工神经网络的芝麻油...     

Comparison of radiation‐induced hydrocarbons for the identification of irradiated perilla and sesame seeds of different origins

BACKGROUND: Perilla and sesame seeds, a rich source of energy, are commonly utilized in different forms in many countries. During the post‐harvest period, they are contaminated with insects as well as microbes that may have importance for keeping quality and quarantine, and thus they can be treated with ionizing radiation for insect disinfestation and microbial decontamination. Reliable and routine methods to identify whether or not a food has been irradiated are needed to help consumers' understanding of irradiated food and promote international trade. In the present study, fat‐derived hydrocarbons from irradiated perilla seeds and sesame seeds of Korean and Chinese origin were analyzed in order to identify irradiation treatment by comparing their properties during the post‐irradiation period. RESULTS: Gas chromatographic–mass spectrometric analysis showed that several saturated hydrocarbons, such as tetradecane, pentadecane, hexadecane and heptadecane, were found in the non‐irradiated control samples, while four radiation‐induced unsaturated hydrocarbons (R² = 0.647–0.997), such as 1,7,10‐hexadecatriene (C_16:3), 1,7‐hexadecadiene (C_16:2), 6,9‐heptadecadiene (C_17:2) and 8‐heptadecene (C_17:1), were detected in all irradiated samples at 0.5 kGy or higher, with variations according to sample and origin. Concentrations of all hydrocarbons were reduced during storage and could not be detected in 0.5 kGy irradiated Chinese sample of either seed after 8 months. CONCLUSION: Radiation‐induced hydrocarbons (C_{16:3, 16:2, 17:2, 17:1}) could be used as markers to identify irradiated perilla and sesame seeds of both Korean and Chinese origin at 1 kGy or higher for 8 months' storage at room temperature. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

Aflatoxin B1 in sesame seeds and sesame products from the Greek market

Aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) is considered as the most potent liver carcinogen for humans. A method for determination in sesame seeds was developed. AFB₁ was extracted by methanol-water, cleaned by immunoaffinity columns and determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. The recovery factor and the limit of detection (LOD) of AFB₁ in sesame seeds were 111.5% and 0.02 ng g^?1, respectively. Thirty samples of sesame products were examined for the presence of AFB₁. After analysis, 77.6% of samples were found to be contaminated. Eight samples exceeded the European Union (EU) limit (2 µg AFB₁ kg^?1). In 15 samples, AFB₁ was below the EU limit. Seven samples remained below the LOD. The most contaminated (14.49 ng AFB₁ g^?1) sample was unpeeled packaged sesame seeds. In all samples, aflatoxigenic Aspergilli fungi as well as the risk for AFB₁ presence in sesame seed was investigated.     

3种芝麻蛋白结构和性质比较研究

采用SDS-PAGE电泳、傅里叶红外光谱、氨基酸组成分析对亚临界芝麻粕、天然芝麻和高温芝麻粕中提取的分离蛋白的结构和性质进行了比较研究。结果表明:亚临界芝麻蛋白(SPSI)和天然芝麻蛋白(NSPA)的亚基组成与分布基本一致,高温芝麻蛋白(SPHS)与前两种芝麻蛋白的结构有明显的差异,高温造成SPHS缺失NSPA的典型亚基,这会影响其性质和应用范围;SPSI、NSPA和SPHS在酰胺III带的吸收峰分别在1 235、1 237 cm-1和1 240 cm-1;SPSI与NSPA的氨基酸组成基本一致,且相比SPHS的氨基酸配比更符合FAO推荐值;SPSI具有较好的溶解性、吸水性、吸油性、乳化性、乳化稳定性和泡沫稳定性。从亚临界芝麻粕提取的芝麻蛋白的结构破坏程度低,营养价值较高并且功能性好,更适宜作为食品原料。     

水酶法芝麻油与其他工艺芝麻油品质差异研究

通过对芝麻油外观品质、理化特性、抗氧化成分及脂肪酸组成进行对比,研究了水酶法芝麻油与其他工艺芝麻油(热榨法芝麻油、冷榨法芝麻油、水代法芝麻油)的品质差异。结果表明:水酶法芝麻油的外观品质好,色泽浅,符合一级成品芝麻油标准;水酶法芝麻油的水分及挥发物的含量介于冷榨法芝麻油和水代法芝麻油之间,酸价、过氧化值、不皂化物含量最低;水酶法芝麻油的抗氧化成分(生育酚、芝麻素和芝麻林素)含量最高,但未检出芝麻酚;与热榨法芝麻油、冷榨法芝麻油、水代法芝麻油相比,水酶法芝麻油的饱和脂肪酸含量最高,不饱和脂肪酸含量最低。     

芝麻中塑化剂含量及其在制油过程中的迁移规律

通过对不同地区20?个芝麻样品中邻苯二甲酸酯（phthalatic acid esters,PAEs）组分含量的检测分析,以及芝麻中PAEs在制油过程向毛油中迁移规律研究,明确芝麻油生产中原料和制油工艺对芝麻油PAEs风险的影响,以便准确制定PAEs风险防范和控制技术,确保并提升芝麻油的品质安全。结果表明,20?个芝麻样品均不同程度检出PAEs,国标限量控制的邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（dibutyl phthalate,DBP）、邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基）己酯（di(2-ethtlhexyl) phthalate,DEHP）、邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯（diisononyl ortho-phthalate,DINP）的检出率为100%,3 种组分和8 种塑化剂总含量（Σ8PAEs）分别为0.040～0.337、0.085～1.971、0.343～0.806?mg/kg和0.209～2.828?mg/kg,平均值分别为?0.137、0.560、0.559?mg/kg和1.165?mg/kg。对照国标DBP≤0.3?mg/kg、DEHP≤1.5?mg/kg、DINP≤9.0?mg/kg的限量指标,DEHP超标率为5%,DBP超标率为10%。芝麻原料中的PAEs随着制油过程向毛油中迁移富集,DBP、DEHP、DINP和Σ8PAEs在压榨毛油中的含量分别是芝麻中的1.16、1.03、1.11?倍和1.07?倍,在浸出毛油中的含量分别是芝麻中的1.49、1.27、1.24?倍和1.33?倍,脱皮芝麻毛油中PAEs含量比整籽芝麻毛油含量降低约20%,浸出毛油中PAEs含量约是压榨毛油1.2?倍。