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1.
临界通量是膜过程中一种重要的污染特性指标。采用阶梯汲取液浓度递增法测定不同污染物、架桥离子浓度及膜面流速对正渗透(FO)膜过程临界通量的影响。结果表明,海藻酸钠(SA)、腐殖酸(HA)及二氧化硅(SiO2)污染时FO膜临界通量值分别为29.32, 46.35和32.17 L/(m2?h);随Ca2+浓度由0 mmol/L增大至10 mmol/L,SA污染下FO膜的临界通量由29.22 L/(m2?h)显著降低至9.48 L/(m2?h),原因为Ca2+与SA分子中的羧基的螯合作用及Ca2+在膜?污染物之间的架桥作用;此外,当膜面流速从5 cm/s增至15 cm/s时,SA-Ca2+污染下的FO膜临界通量由9.48 L/(m2?h)提高至31.59 L/(m2?h),表明改善膜表面湍动有利于提高临界通量,扩大操作通量范围。  相似文献   
2.
介绍了南化公司2#、3#硫酸尾气处理装置的运行情况及改造实践。针对尾气处理装置存在的副产品难于处理、尾气排放指标达不到特别排放限值、维护成本高等问题,对比了4种硫酸尾气治理工艺的优劣性,结合装置自身特点,确定了采用钠碱法加2级电除雾器工艺对该脱硫系统进行改造。改造后尾气脱硫系统排放SO2质量浓度控制在200 mg/m3以下、硫酸雾质量浓度在5 mg/m3以下,满足《硫酸工业污染物排放标准》排放限值的要求,且硫酸装置尾气脱硫系统实现了与主装置同步稳定运行。  相似文献   
3.
The flame retardant polypropylene containing the micro-envelope core-shell structure flame retardant, which encapsulated ammonium polyphosphate into melamine-formaldehyde resin and sodium silicate through in situ polymerization was prepared with polyamide 6, added as a carbon-forming agent. The composition of ammonium polyphosphate, encapsulated ammonium polyphosphate with melamine-formaldehyde resin and the micro-envelope core-shell structure flame retardant were characterized. The fire safety and thermal stability were investigated and showed an improvement including limiting oxygen index, thermogravimetric analysis, vertical burning tests, and microscale combustion calorimeter. The burned compounds were also studied to confirm the burning mechanism. The results showed the flame retardant performance had been greatly improved, while polyamide 6 had better char-forming effect. Besides, the water solubility of flame retardants and their influence on the mechanical properties of polypropylene were also investigated. The results on the effects of additives demonstrated a high efficiency flame retardant to polypropylene. A core-shell flame retardant that sodium silicate and melamine-formaldehyde resin-coated ammonium polyphosphate had been constructed. The effect of the built flame retardant system on the combustion performance of polypropylene was studied from the mechanism and performance. The LOI of the most flame retardant polypropylene reached 28.6%, and UL-94 reached the V-0 level.  相似文献   
4.
前期从新疆传统乳制品酸驼乳中筛选得到一株具有潜在益生特性的库德毕赤酵母DS8-1(Pichia kudriavzevii DS8-1),为增加菌株对体外环境的抗性,以海藻酸钠为壁材使用锐孔法制备酵母菌微胶囊。将干燥的藻酸盐(SA)微胶囊外包山羊乳或在微胶囊壁材中添加低聚果糖(fructooligosaccharides,FOS)/低聚半乳糖(galactooligosaccharides,GOS)分别制备3 种酵母菌微胶囊:SAM微胶囊、SAMF微胶囊和SAMG微胶囊。对微胶囊进行傅里叶红外光谱和扫描电子显微镜表征、模拟胃液的耐受性、消化液的释放特性和贮藏稳定性实验,研究冻干微胶囊对菌株活性的影响。结果表明:使用羊乳包衣的3 种冻干微胶囊(SAM微胶囊、SAMF微胶囊和SAMG微胶囊)的菌株活力为7.16~7.67(lg(CFU/g))。与SA微胶囊相比,SAMF微胶囊在连续的模拟消化液处理后能够延缓酵母菌的释放,提高菌株存活率,以及对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶具有较高的抑制活性。SAMG微胶囊在-20、4、25 ℃贮藏30 d后菌株活力在7(lg(CFU/g))以上。结论:在海藻酸钠中添加FOS/GOS且使用羊乳包衣可用于包埋库德毕赤酵母,制备的酵母菌微胶囊具有提高菌株活性的作用,在功能性食品输送体系中具有一定的应用前景。  相似文献   
5.
研究添加安石榴苷、焦磷酸钠(sodium pyrophosphate,SPP)及其组合(P+SPP)对肌原纤维蛋白(myofibrillar protein,MP)氧化稳定性和凝胶性能的影响。结果表明,安石榴苷和SPP添加均能有效抑制氧化诱导的蛋白羰基含量上升及自由氨基含量下降,且P+SPP组合添加效果最佳;但所有添加剂均无法有效抑制氧化诱导的巯基含量降低。添加安石榴苷促进了氧化诱导的蛋白结构展开、显著抑制了蛋白粒径增大(抑制率为10.50%),对于蛋白溶解度和热诱导凝胶过程中的流变学特性无显著影响,但明显降低了氧化MP凝胶的蒸煮损失和质构劣变。SPP添加同样促进了蛋白结构展开、抑制了蛋白粒径增大(抑制率为17.65%)、提高了氧化MP的溶解度(提高了9.78%),显著改变了热诱导凝胶过程中MP的流变学行为,致使热诱导凝胶的蒸煮损失降低了42.56%,但明显降低了凝胶强度等质构指标。P+SPP对MP凝胶性能的影响整体与SPP单独添加类似。因此,本研究抗氧化剂使用显著提高了MP的氧化稳定性及凝胶持水性,但凝胶的质构特性与抗氧化剂的种类密切相关。  相似文献   
6.
河北某萤石矿中萤石与石英嵌布粒度细,共生关系复杂并含有高岭土,品位低,氧化成程度高。生产中采用常规的高碱度水玻璃进行石英抑制,生产技术指标较差,严重影响企业的生存与发展。由于浮选尾矿碱度高,水玻璃等分散剂, SS含量高达5000~7000mg/L,回用时又会导致生产指标的恶化。针对上述问题,试验采用两段磨矿,中矿集中返回再磨的流程,精矿浮选流程中抑制剂改用改性水玻璃,有效的抑制了细粒石英、长石等细粒脉石矿物,同时,在改性水玻璃的综合作用下,实现了尾矿水的SS的快速沉淀,尾矿水可有效返回利用,不会对选矿指标造成影响,精矿指标实现了:CaF2品位为97.27%、SiO2品位为1. 5%、CaF2回收率为77.68%的萤石精矿产品结果,提高了精矿质量,为该选厂提供了技术支持。  相似文献   
7.
Huang J.  Ni D.  Ni X.  Chen W.  Fu Y. 《丝绸》2022,(12):187-196
Silk is a kind of natural fiber with good luster strength elasticity dyeability hygroscopicity and other advantages. Silk products are quite popular to the customers because of their excellent performance such as heat preservation air permeability and so on which make them comfortable to use. Silk floss which is made from pupa lining secondary cocoon etc. can be used as floc and filler materials and is an important part of silk products. According to its production mode silk floss can be divided into manual silk floss and machine-made silk floss and the latter has become the main processing mode of silk floss production due to its high production efficiency. In terms of composition silk flossing generally contains 20% - 30% sericin pupa oil and impurities so in the degumming process in addition to adding sodium carbonate and other degumming agents to remove sericin a large amount of hydrogen peroxide with strong oxidation property is also used to increase the cleanliness and smoothness. Unfortunately hydrogen peroxide is highly flammable and explosive and poses a risk in transportation and storage causing potential safety hazards to the silk processing industry. In order to solve this problem we innovatively propose two hydrogen peroxide-free processing methods of machine-made silk floss by using sodium percarbonate degumming or sodium carbonate-ozone. As an environmentally friendly solid oxidant sodium percarbonate can produce hydrogen peroxide and sodium carbonate after decomposition and is often used to degrade organic harmful substances. Similarly ozone is a common strong oxidant with broad-spectrum antibacterial properties and because ozone can be produced instantly by ozone generators there is no risk of transport and storage. Silk is composed of silk fibroin and sericin. Among them silk fibroin is fibrous protein which will swell in hot water while sericin is globular protein which is easy to dissolve in hot water. As a result in this paper heated sodium percarbonate solution and sodium carbonate-ozone system were used to deglue silk floss. The methods were as follows silk floss was degummed three times in boiling 0. 78 g / L sodium percarbonate solution for 30 minutes each time or was degummed three times in boiled 0. 5 g / L Na2 CO3 solution with ozone continuously flow at a rate of 100 mg / L - h for 30 minutes each time. After cleaning and drying the degummed silk floss can be obtained. After the experiment the apparent morphology sericin residual efficiency impurity rate compression resilience whiteness and other silk floss quality indexes of the two methods were analyzed and compared with superior machine-made silk floss processed by commercial way with hydrogen peroxide. The results show that both two processing methods got uniform degumming effect of silk floss and the surface of the single fiber was smooth and the degumming effect was basically the same as that of commercial products prepared with hydrogen peroxide. The sericin residual rate of silk floss was between 3% - 4% which was in line with the requirements of less than 5% of superior silk floss. There was no significant difference between silk floss obtained and commercial superior products in smoothness and whiteness. In conclusion the performance of silk floss in all aspects has reached the standard of superior products that is the sericin content is not more than 5% the impurity content is not more than 0. 1% the compression rate is not less than 45% and the response rate is not less than 92% . Based on the experimental results and analysis it can be concluded that the machine-made silk floss with good performance can be prepared without hydrogen peroxide showing the feasibility of processing machine-made silk floss without hydrogen peroxide which is of great significance to the research and development of a safe and reliable oxidant system for the removal of impurities in silk floss and to further improve the safety of machine-made silk floss production process. © 2022 China Silk Association. All rights reserved.  相似文献   
8.
目的为探究土壤理化性质对总石油烃(TPH)污染土壤氧化修复效果的影响,进而寻求针对TPH污染土壤的高效氧化体系。 方法选用西南地区紫色土分别配制不同土壤有机质含量、粒径、阳离子交换量的TPH污染土壤,选取CaO2类芬顿、活化Na2S2O8、CaO2/Na2S2O8复合氧化体系,以各自最优氧化条件在室温25 ℃的条件下进行氧化实验,考查土壤理化性质对土壤TPH负载能力及氧化修复效果的影响。 结果在TPH投加量均为15 000 mg/kg的条件下,土壤TPH负载能力与土壤有机质含量、阳离子交换量呈正相关,与土壤粒径呈负相关,其影响程度为:有机质含量>粒径>阳离子交换量;土壤TPH降解率与土壤有机质含量、阳离子交换量及粒径皆呈负相关,其影响程度为:粒径>有机质含量>阳离子交换量。 结论在各体系最优氧化条件下,CaO2/Na2S2O8复合氧化体系对土壤TPH修复效果优于CaO2类芬顿、活化Na2S2O8单一氧化体系。   相似文献   
9.
针对新疆阜康冶炼厂造锍捕集所得贵金属合金,通过硫酸化焙烧和水淬所得渣,采用亚硫酸钠溶液浸出法对其中的银开展湿法提取试验考察。本文系统考察了固液比(20g/l~400g/l)、亚硫酸钠浓度(50g/l~200g/l)、pH(6.5-10.5)、浸出时间(30min~720min)、粒径(0.425mm、0.25mm和0.18mm)以及浸出温度(25℃、50℃和75℃)对银的浸出率的影响。银的最优浸出条件为,固液比200g/l,亚硫酸钠150g/l,pH为7.5,浸出时间120min,浸出温度20℃,在此条件下,可以高效提取渣中的银,浸出率为93.66%。  相似文献   
10.
采用乳化交联法制备包封亚硝酸钠(NaNO2)的A型明胶微球(gelatin type A microspheres,GAMs)与B型明胶微球(gelatin type B microspheres,GBMs),对其物理化学特性进行表征,并分析明胶微球对牛肉干与猪肉脯的抑菌效果。结果表明:微球的粒径为25~40 μm;随着谷氨酰胺转氨酶添加量的增加,微球的弹性模量和黏性模量均增加,表现出类固体的黏弹性内部结构;同时发现微球对牛肉干和猪肉脯均具有较好的抑菌效果,且GAMs比GBMs效果好,这与GAMs较高的NaNO2包封率及NO释放量紧密相关。  相似文献   
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