大豆蛋白纳米纤维对铁纳米颗粒的稳态化作用

为明确大豆蛋白纳米纤维的结构形成和扩宽铁强化剂的食品工业应用，以大豆分离蛋白（soy protein isolate，SPI）为原料，通过5 h的酸热处理制备纳米纤维（soy protein isolate fibrils，Fib SPI），系统研究纤维形成前后蛋白结构的变化，并进一步制备铁纳米颗粒（iron nanoparticles，Fe NPs），探究Fib SPI对铁的稳态化作用。研究结果表明：在酸热处理过程中，SPI产生大量的β-折叠结构，其与硫磺素T结合，显示出增强的荧光强度；此外，7S组分先发生降解，利于纤维成核形成，随后11S逐渐被水解，促进纤维生长；同时水解产生大量的小肽组分，提高了产物的还原力。研究进一步利用Fib SPI递送铁纳米颗粒（Fe NPs），发现与原始SPI相比，铁纳米颗粒可在Fib SPI原位形成胶体稳定的铁-大豆蛋白纳米纤维复合物（Fe FibSPI），并以Fe（II）形式存在，其对乳液体系色泽及稳定性的影响较硫酸亚铁或氯化铁小。该研究可为构建新型植物基铁强化剂递送体系提供理论和方法指导。     

Improved aqueous solubility,bioaccessibility and cellular uptake of quercetin following pH-driven encapsulation in whey protein isolate

The purpose of this study was to increase the water solubility and potential bioavailability of quercetin by encapsulation in whey protein isolate (WPI) based on a green, efficient pH-driven method. According to the results, the water solubility of quercetin increased by 346.9: times after loading into WPI nanoparticles. When the initial quercetin concentration was 0.25 mg mL⁻¹ and WPI was 2% w/v, the encapsulation efficiency reached 94.1%, the Z-average diameter was 36.63 nm, and the zeta potential was −36.4 mV at pH 7.0. The fluorescence spectroscopy assay suggested the molecular complexation of quercetin and WPI at pH 12.0. X-ray diffraction assay indicated the enclosure of amorphous quercetin in WPI. Correspondingly, the bioaccessibility increased from 2.76% to 31.23% and the Caco-2 cell monolayer uptake increased from 0% to 2.12% after nanoencapsulation. This work confirmed that the pH-driven method is an effective approach to prepare WPI–quercetin nanocapsules to improve physical and potentially biological properties of quercetin.     

Effects of high-pressure-modified soy 11S globulin on the gel properties and water-holding capacity of pork batter

The effects of high-pressure-modified soy 11S globulin (0.1, 200, and 400 MPa) on the gel properties, water-holding capacity, and water mobility of pork batter were investigated. The high-pressure-modified soy 11S globulin significantly increased (P < 0.05) the emulsion stability, cooking yield, hardness, springiness, chewiness, resilience, cohesiveness, the a^* and b^* values, and the G′ and G′′ values of pork batter at 80 °C, compared with those of 0.1 MPa-modified globulin. In contrast, the centrifugal loss and initial relaxation time of T_2b, T₂₁, and T₂₂ significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the microstructure was denser, and the voids were smaller and more uniform compared with those of 0.1 MPa-modified globulin. In addition, the sample with 11S globulin modified at 400 MPa had the best water-holding capacity, gel structure, and gel properties among the samples. Overall, the use of high-pressure-modified soy 11S globulin improved the gel properties and water-holding capacity of pork batter, especially under 400 MPa.     

离子色谱-电导法检测酱油中氯化钠的含量

该研究采用灰化预处理+离子色谱-电导法检测酱油中食盐的含量，并与莫尔法、电位滴定法进行比较。结果表明，莫尔法存在滴定过量问题，电位滴定法对温度等外界环境条件和仪器操作要求苛刻，而离子色谱-电导法具有操作简便快速并具有较好的准确度和精密度。实验结果表明，氯化钠含量处于11.56～11.61 g/100 mL之间，回收率实验结果为96.00%～102.10%，相对标准偏差为0.089%。干扰实验对结果无明显影响，且能同时测定多种离子，可用于成品酱油中氯化钠含量的检验。     

Physiologically Active Molecules and Functional Properties of Soybeans in Human Health—A Current Perspective

In addition to providing nutrients, food can help prevent and treat certain diseases. In particular, research on soy products has increased dramatically following their emergence as functional foods capable of improving blood circulation and intestinal regulation. In addition to their nutritional value, soybeans contain specific phytochemical substances that promote health and are a source of dietary fiber, phospholipids, isoflavones (e.g., genistein and daidzein), phenolic acids, saponins, and phytic acid, while serving as a trypsin inhibitor. These individual substances have demonstrated effectiveness in preventing chronic diseases, such as arteriosclerosis, cardiac diseases, diabetes, and senile dementia, as well as in treating cancer and suppressing osteoporosis. Furthermore, soybean can affect fibrinolytic activity, control blood pressure, and improve lipid metabolism, while eliciting antimutagenic, anticarcinogenic, and antibacterial effects. In this review, rather than to improve on the established studies on the reported nutritional qualities of soybeans, we intend to examine the physiological activities of soybeans that have recently been studied and confirm their potential as a high-functional, well-being food.     

高酰基结冷胶对乳清分离蛋白热诱导凝胶特性的影响

蛋白质-多糖凝胶具有良好的稳定性和机械强度,在稳定和传递生物活性物质、营养强化剂方面的应用前景广阔。该研究以乳清分离蛋白、高酰基结冷胶为原料制备热诱导混合凝胶,分析高酰基结冷胶对乳清分离蛋白-高酰基结冷胶混合凝胶的凝胶强度、保水性及显微结构等,揭示乳清蛋白-高酰基结冷胶凝胶形成机理。结果表明,高酰基结冷胶促使蛋白质巯基暴露从而使凝胶形成稳定结构,提高混合凝胶的凝胶强度和保水性,且随着高酰基结冷胶含量增加而显著增大,其质量浓度为4 g/L时,复合凝胶的凝胶强度最大,为26.97 g;保水性最好,为97.41%;透光率最低,为1.87%。温度扫描结果表明,增加高酰基结冷胶可以提高乳清分离蛋白的相转变温度,傅里叶红外光谱显示,乳清分离蛋白与高酰基结冷胶存在分子间作用力,扫描电子显微镜表明高酰基结冷胶诱导混合凝胶形成结构紧密的三维网络结构。该研究为拓展乳清分离蛋白和结冷胶的新型凝胶食品,提高传统食品的质量,改善食品的加工工艺提供基础理论数据。     

响应面法优化黄浆水发酵液制备工艺及其抗氧化活性研究

采用植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)、嗜酸乳杆菌(Lactobacillus acidophilus)和清酒乳杆菌(Lactobacillus sakei)3种乳酸菌对黄浆水进行组合发酵,以发酵液DPPH自由基清除率为评价指标,研究发酵温度、发酵时间、脱脂乳粉添加量、葡萄糖添加量和接种量对发酵液的影响。在单因素试验基础上,采用响应面法优化制备高抗氧化活性黄浆水发酵液的工艺条件。结果表明最佳发酵参数为:接种量1%、发酵温度37℃、发酵时间37.50 h、脱脂乳粉添加量8%、葡萄糖添加量5%。在此条件下制备的黄浆水发酵液DPPH自由基清除率为82.36%。抗氧化活性试验表明:黄浆水发酵液提取物抗氧化能力得到显著提升,其清除DPPH自由基、羟自由基和ABTS自由基的半抑制质量浓度(IC50)分别为2.03 mg/mL、1.12 mg/mL和0.30 mg/mL。     

Synthesis of pH-responsive isolated soy protein/carboxymethyl chitosan microspheres for sustained pesticide release

In order to improve the utilization rate of avermectin (AVM), a complex was prepared by electrostatic self-assembly using isolated soy protein (ISP) and carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) for loading AVM to obtain ISP/CMCS@AVM microspheres. The encapsulation efficiency (EE), sustained release property, ultraviolet (UV) protective ability, and toxicity of the microspheres were evaluated, and the release kinetics of AVM from the microsphere at different pHs were investigated. The results demonstrated that the average particle size of ISP/CMCS@AVM was 283.95 nm, and the EE reached 88.42% for AVM after denaturation. After 70 h of exposure to UV light, the residual rate of AVM in ISP/CMCS@AVM was 78.12%, which was significantly higher than 35.18% in the AVM emulsion. Moreover, the formulation imparted pH sensitivity and sustained-release property to AVM and was consistent with the Korsmeyer–Peppas model, controlled by Fick diffusion. Finally, the insecticidal toxicity of ISP/CMCS@AVM did not differ significantly from that of unmodified AVM. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48358.