季戊四醇锌与月桂酸锌并用对天然橡胶硫化特性的影响

采用季戊四醇锌与月桂酸锌并用作为硫化活性剂,考察其对天然橡胶硫化特性及物理机械性能的影响。结果表明,季戊四醇锌具有较高的硫化活性,可使胶料的硫化速率加快,硫化活化能下降,硫化活性高于月桂酸锌,但抗硫化返原性能较差,胶料的物理机械性能较低,耐磨性较差。将季戊四醇锌与月桂酸锌并用可产生硫化协同效应,明显提高胶料的表观交联密度,改善抗硫化返原性能,同时还能降低门尼黏度、提高填料分散性并降低生热和滚动阻力。加入6.70份季戊四醇锌并用5.56份月桂酸锌的天然橡胶硫化胶,其综合性能优于添加5.00份氧化锌的硫化胶,并且含锌质量分数减少48%。     

月桂酸乙酯的液相音速测量

脂肪酸甲酯(FAMEs)、脂肪酸乙酯(FAEEs)是生物柴油中的重要成分,为了计算发动机燃油喷射角度,需要获取生物柴油组分的音速。利用动态光散射法,在0.1、2.0、4.0、6.0、8.0 MPa下测量了月桂酸乙酯的液相音速,温度为295.15～353.15 K。为满足工程应用需求,根据实验数据,给出了月桂酸乙酯音速与温度和压力的关联式。在实验温、压范围内,实验值与关联式计算值的相对偏差绝对平均值为0.32%。     

Biochemical effects of administering shock loads of sucrose to a laboratory-scale anaerobic (UASB) effluent treatment plant

An experimental study was undertaken to determine the effects of administering shock loads of sucrose to a laboratory-scale anaerobic effluent treatment plant (UASB reactor) treating diluted landfill leachate. Administration of shock loads of 10 g l⁻ sucrose caused accumulations of up to 7 g l⁻¹ of l-lactate and the resultant acidity caused the pH value of the reactor effluent to drop from 7.2 to 4.7 which inhibited methanogenesis.Major disturbances in the composition of the biogas also occurred and, under the severest conditions, the biogas contained up to 30% (v/v) hydrogen.     

精细化工氯化蔗糖废水站处理工艺改造

某精细化工厂氯化蔗糖废水处理站原处理工艺出水水质不能达到园区接管标准.针对氯化蔗糖废水的水质特点,在充分利用原有处理设施的基础上,对原处理系统进行了改造,增加了预处理和深度处理.介绍了该工程的背景、改造工艺流程、主要处理构筑物设计参数,总结了工程特点.     

Sugar replacement in sweetened bakery goods

This review presents the state‐of‐the‐art concerning the application of natural and artificial high‐intensity sweeteners, fructans and bulking agents such as polyols as sugar replacers in sweet‐baked goods and their effects on product characteristics. The recent much publicised attention given to weight gain of the population and its consequences on the occurrence of diet‐related diseases in developed countries has influenced the food manufacturers attempts to provide the consumer with reduced energy products. The replacement of sucrose in sweet bakery products by alternative natural or artificial sweeteners can be a challenging issue. Sucrose as a main ingredient in sweet bakery products contributes, aside from providing sweetness, to numerous processing and product characteristics. Intense sweeteners have a high sweetness compared with sucrose but lack in their contribution to the body of the product, whereas the replacement of sucrose with bulking sweeteners may result in products with a similar body but a lack in taste and flavour.     

Development of templated carbon by carbonisation of sucrose–zeolite composite for hydrogen storage

The templated carbons were synthesised by carbonisation of a zeolite–sucrose composite. The effects of carbonisation temperature and dwelling time on the development of pore structure of templated carbon were investigated. Various characterisation techniques were employed to investigate the structural and topographical properties of template precursor as well as synthesised carbons. The highest total surface area of 1033 m²/g and micropore area of 647 m²/g were obtained for carbon synthesised at 750°C with 3 h dwelling time. It was observed that at lower carbonisation temperature or dwelling time, the surface area and pore volume were lower, which may be attributed to incomplete carbonisation of the sucrose. At higher carbonisation temperature or dwelling time, the decrease in surface area and pore volume could be the result of collapse of the pore structure. Maximum 80% micropore area was observed for the templated carbons depending on the synthesis conditions. The hydrogen uptake of the templated carbons was measured by temperature‐programmed desorption at 1 bar pressure and different subzero temperatures. The maximum uptake (0.30 wt%) was obtained at 1 bar and ?100°C for templated carbon, having a surface area of 1033 m²/g, prepared at 750°C with 3 h dwelling time. This templated carbon had the highest total surface area as well as micropore area. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Development of flurbiprofen-loaded nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution using sucrose

Objective: A novel flurbiprofen-loaded nanoemulsion which gave uniform emulsion droplets with a narrow size distribution was previously reported to be prepared using membrane emulsification method. The purpose of this study is to develop a novel flurbiprofen-loaded nanoparticle with a narrow size distribution and improved bioavailability.

Method: The nanoparticle was prepared by solidifying nanoemulsion using sucrose as a carrier via spray drying method. Its physicochemical properties were investigated using SEM, DSC and PXRD. Furthermore, dissolution and bioavailability in rats were evaluated compared to a flurbiprofen-loaded commercial product.

Results: The flurbiprofen-loaded nanoparticles with flurbiprofen/sucrose/surfactant mixture (1/20/2, weight ratio) gave good solidification and no stickiness. They associated with about 70?000-fold improved drug solubility and had a mean size of about 300 nm with a narrow size distribution. Flurbiprofen was present in a changed amorphous state in these nanoparticles. Moreover, the nanoparticles gave significantly shorter T_max, and higher AUC and C_max of the drug compared to the commercial product (p?0.05). In particular, they showed about nine-fold higher AUC of the drug than did the commercial product

Conclusion: These flurbiprofen-loaded nanoparticles prepared with sucrose by the membrane emulsification and spray drying method would be a potential candidate for orally delivering poorly water-soluble flurbiprofen with enhanced bioavailability.     

近代闽粤地区蔗糖民俗文化探析

闽粤地区甘蔗种植历史悠久，民众榨蔗制糖普遍，与蔗糖相关的民俗文化积淀深厚。明清以降，啃蔗用蔗、赌蔗斗柑，煮蔗酿糖、饮馔用糖，婚丧节庆与祭祀备糖等蔗糖民俗文化特色鲜明，成为闽粤文化的重要构成部分，具有浓郁的地方色彩。