Effects of blade tenderization,aging method and aging time on meat quality characteristics of Longissimus lumborum steaks from cull Holstein cows

The effects of blade tenderization (BT), two aging methods (dry (D) and wet (W)), and aging time (2 and 23 d) on tenderness, color, and sensory properties of Longissimus lumborum muscles from 12 cull Holstein cows were evaluated. Dry-aged loins had higher combined trim and aging losses than control (C) for both D- and W-aging, mostly because of excess trim losses. BT steaks had WBSF of 33.13 N while C steaks had WBSF of 41.46 N (P = 0.09). Aging decreased WBSF. Blade tenderized steaks had higher cook loss than C steaks. Aging, W-aging, and BT × W-aging improved myofibrillar (sensory) tenderness scores. Aging and/or BT improves sensory panel tenderness cull cow Longissimus lumborum steaks. Aging and blade tenderization combined can increase tenderness and value of Longissimus steaks from cull Holstein cows.     

Structural Changes in Titin and Nebulin Filaments Specific to Calcium Ions at 0.1 mM: Factors of Meat Tenderization During Postmortem Aging

ABSTRACT Postmortem structural changes in titin and nebulin filaments were investigated by incubating isolated myofibrils in a solution containing 0.1 mM calcium ions and various concentrations of a protease inhibitor. The inhibition curves showed 2 abnormal steps with increases in the concentration of leupeptin or calpastatin domain I. While the amounts of unchanged titin and nebulin were constant in the 1st step, the 2nd occurred at higher protease inhibitor concentrations. These facts indicated that excess amounts of leupeptin and calpastatin domain I caused deterioration in titin and nebulin properties, thus interfering with the binding of calcium ions. We concluded that the severance of titin and nebulin filaments in the 1st step were induced by calcium ions at 0.1 mM.     

淘汰蛋鸭肉质蛋白酶嫩化研究

对木瓜蛋白酶和风味蛋白酶嫩化淘汰蛋鸭肉的效果进行了探讨,比较了酶解条件下鸭胸肉的肌原纤维小片化指数和剪切力的变化,并分析了肌原纤维小片化指数与剪切力的相关性.结果表明：木瓜蛋白酶对鸭肉的酶解作用更强烈,达到相同的嫩化效果（即相同的肌原纤维小片化指数或剪切力值）所需的酶用量大约为风味蛋白酶的一半.嫩化后鸭肉的肌原纤维小片化指数和剪切力之间存在着显著的相关性,木瓜蛋白酶和风味蛋白酶的这种相关性分别为-0.965和-0.950.     

影响肌肉嫩度的因素及常用的嫩化方法

肉的品质受多方面因素的影响,其中最重要的一个因素就是嫩度,它直接影响着肉的食用价值和商品价值,反映着肉中各种蛋白质的结构特性。影响肉嫩度的因素有很多,本文从宰前因素和宰后因素对肌肉嫩度的影响以及常见的嫩化方法作了阐述。     

肉类嫩化技术研究

改善肉类嫩度和减少各种肉类嫩度变化的措施己引起人们的日益关注，在许多国家这些措施已经被有效的应用于肉类工业。综述了肉类尸僵、成熟、嫩化机理、电刺激、钙处理、外源酶处理、机械嫩化、pH处理、高压处理、冲击波处理等影响肉类嫩度与品质的因素及嫩化的技术理论和方法。     

生姜蛋白酶对猪肉致嫩作用的研究

本课题研究了生姜蛋白酶对猪肉的致嫩作用,对其用量、pH值、预处理温度进行了测试对比。结果表明:生姜蛋白酶对猪肉的致嫩作用十分显著,最佳用量为0.01%,最佳pH为7.0,最佳预处理温度为30℃。     

Development and quality evaluation of cooked buffalo tripe rolls

Cooked buffalo tripe rolls (BTRs) were prepared from a combination of buffalo tripe (75%) and buffalo meat (25%) by using mincing (M-BTR) and blade tenderization (BT-BTR). They were stored at 4 ± 1 °C and studied for various physico-chemical, sensory and microbial qualities. Significantly (P < 0.01) higher pH, shear force value, diameter shrinkage and fat percentage were observed in M-BTR and BT-BTR than control product (100% minced buffalo meat). The product yield and drip loss percentage were significantly (P < 0.01) lower in BT-BTR, whereas drip loss percentage was significantly higher in M-BTR compared to controls and BT-BTR. No significant change was noticed in protein and moisture content between the different products. All physico-chemical parameters and sensory evaluation scores of M-BTR were comparable with control. Significant (P < 0.01) increases were noticed in pH, moisture content, thiobarbituric acid and tyrosine values with increasing storage period, whereas the extract release volume decreased significantly. All microbial counts and sensory evaluation scores were within the acceptable limits until 15 days of storage at 4 ± 1 °C in low-density polyethylene pouches stored aerobically.     

木瓜蛋白酶嫩化鹅胸肉的工艺优化

为改善鹅肉品质,该研究采用木瓜蛋白酶嫩化技术旨在分析不同处理条件对鹅肉的影响。在单因素试验的基础上,采用响应面分析进行四因素三水平工艺优化试验。分别以酶的质量分数（A）、温度（B）、pH值（C）、时间（D）四个因素作为自变量,以感官特征作为响应面指标,通过回归分析确定了获得最佳感官的加工条件为酶的质量分数0.076%,温度60 ℃,pH值7.6,时间55 min。此条件下的感官评价可以达到82.5分,于鹅肉处理前（59.7）有显著提高,剪切力为26.47 N,相比于嫩化前下降了38.83%,整体品质有明显的改善。实际感官品质结果与模型值接近,说明该模型具有良好的预测效果。为建立酶法嫩化技术提供了一定的数据和理论基础。     

Applied and Emerging Methods for Meat Tenderization: A Comparative Perspective

The tenderization process, which can be influenced by both pre‐ and post‐slaughter interventions, begins immediately after an animal's death and is followed with the disruption of the muscle structure by endogenous proteolytic systems. The post‐slaughter technological interventions like electrical stimulation, suspension methods, blade tenderization, tumbling, use of exogenous enzymes, and traditional aging are some of the methods currently employed by the meat industry for improving tenderness. Over the time, technological advancement resulted in development of several novel methods, for maximizing the tenderness, which are being projected as quick, economical, nonthermal, green, and energy‐efficient technologies. Comparison of these advanced technological methods with the current applied industrial methods is necessary to understand the feasibility and benefits of the novel technology. This review discusses the benefits and advantages of different emerging tenderization techniques such as hydrodynamic‐pressure processing, high‐pressure processing, pulsed electric field, ultrasound, SmartStretch^?, Pi‐Vac Elasto‐Pack® system, and some of the current applied methods used in the meat industry.