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1.
Lindsey Yue Alicia Bayon Wojciech Lipiński 《American Institute of Chemical Engineers》2021,67(8):e17267
The effects of particle size and carbon dioxide concentration on chemical conversion in engineered spherical particles undergoing calcium oxide looping are investigated. Particles are thermochemically cycled in a furnace under different carbon dioxide concentrations. Changes in composition due to chemical reactions are measured using thermogravimetric analysis. Gas composition at the furnace exit is evaluated with mass spectroscopy. A numerical model of thermal transport phenomena developed previously is adapted to match the physical system investigated in the present study. The model is used to elucidate effects of reacting medium characteristics on particle temperature and reaction extent. Experimental and numerical results show that (1) an increase in particle size results in a decrease in carbonation extent, and (2) the carbonation step consists of fast and slow reaction regimes. The reaction rates in the fast and slow carbonation regimes increase with increasing carbon dioxide concentration. The effect of carbon dioxide concentration and the distinction between the fast and slow regimes become more pronounced with increasing particle size. 相似文献
2.
N. Clament Sagaya Selvam Lijie Du Bao Yu Xia Pil J. Yoo Bo You 《Advanced functional materials》2021,31(12):2008190
Electroreduction of small molecules such as H2O, CO2, and N2 for producing clean fuels or valuable chemicals provides a sustainable approach to meet the increasing global energy demands and to alleviate the concern on climate change resulting from fossil fuel consumption. On the path to implement this purpose, however, several scientific hurdles remain, one of which is the low energy efficiency due to the sluggish kinetics of the paired oxygen evolution reaction (OER). In response, it is highly desirable to synthesize high-performance and cost-effective OER electrocatalysts. Recent advances have witnessed surface reconstruction engineering as a salient tool to significantly improve the catalytic performance of OER electrocatalysts. In this review, recent progress on the reconstructed OER electrocatalysts and future opportunities are discussed. A brief introduction of the fundamentals of OER and the experimental approaches for generating and characterizing the reconstructed active sites in OER nanocatalysts are given first, followed by an expanded discussion of recent advances on the reconstructed OER electrocatalysts with improved activities, with a particular emphasis on understanding the correlation between surface dynamics and activities. Finally, a prospect for clean future energy communities harnessing surface reconstruction-promoted electrochemical water oxidation will be provided. 相似文献
3.
《Ceramics International》2021,47(18):25177-25200
Porous TiO2-based catalysts have recently received remarkable attention in the field of energy conversion systems, including hydrogen/oxygen evolution reaction, oxygen/nitrogen reduction reaction, and photodegradation of pollutants owing to their unique structure, large surface area, and good chemical stability. In this report, we review existing research on porous TiO2-based catalysts for energy conversion systems during the past four years. First, the advantages of porous TiO2-based catalysts are introduced. Next, the synthetic approaches in developing porous TiO2-based catalysts are summarized. The different types of energy conversion systems based on porous TiO2-based catalysts are then presented. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives in synthesizing porous TiO2-based catalysts are discussed. 相似文献
4.
电化学能源存储与转换材料的构筑和解析已成为目前研究的热点.结合课题组内电化学能源存储与转换方向的研究成果,总结了电化学能源材料的先进电子显微测试方法.电子显微技术可解析材料的表面形貌、结构、构筑化学等.常见的电子显微技术有:扫描电子显微(SEM)、透射电子显微(TEM)、X射线能谱分析(EDS)、电子能量损失谱分析(EELS)等.详细介绍了使用先进电子显微解析手段,研究电化学能源存储与转换体系材料的进展和优势,不同电子显微技术的特点以及在电化学能源体系材料中的应用.同时,提出电子显微解析技术与其他表征方法联用是未来可能的发展方向,以期能更全面、精准地解析目标材料信息,找到合适的制备工艺,为提高电化学综合性能提供指导. 相似文献
5.
采用一种针对有机化合物提出的类语言分子描述符对哈佛清洁能源项目数据库(CEPDB)中29000个有机太阳能电池供体分子进行描述,分子将基于最近邻子图理论被分解成片段(词),并利用广度优先搜索算法将片段排列成一定的序列(句子),在每个片段的信息被嵌入一个数值向量后,每个分子可表示为一个信息矩阵。在此基础上,通过一个深层神经网络提取嵌入信息,并与对应材料的光电转换效率(PCE)关联,获得了决定系数(R2)为0.97、均方误差(MSE)为0.16的预测结果。与现有方法的比较表明该方法在精度上具有竞争力。在建模过程中引入注意力机制,识别出了几个对PCE值具有决定性意义的分子片段,可为有机光伏材料的逆向设计提供指导信息。 相似文献
6.
随着世界环保压力与节能压力的剧增,绿色涂层已经成为金属腐蚀防护的发展趋势.磷酸盐涂层是一种机械强度高、热稳定性好、耐腐蚀且无毒环保的无机涂层.相较于金属涂层和无机硅涂层,磷酸盐涂层因其制备方法简便以及特殊的性能优势,受到越来越多的关注,在建筑、汽车、航海、航空航天、医疗等领域已取得广泛运用.分别介绍了反应固化型磷酸盐涂层和磷酸盐转化膜.首先阐述了反应固化型磷酸盐涂料的组成,包括胶黏剂、固化剂、功能填料和其他添加剂,并分别介绍了胶黏剂的合成及配比研究、固化剂的固化机理和选择、功能填料的选择对性能的影响以及其他添加剂对涂料整体性能和实用方面的影响.然后对磷酸盐转化膜这类特殊的磷酸盐涂层的成膜机理以及常用磷化液组成进行了介绍.成膜机理主要包括基体的电化学溶解、磷酸盐的结晶和成长、磷酸盐转化膜溶解与形成之间的动态平衡三个步骤.磷化液包括锌系、铁系、钙系、锰系磷化液以及它们之间的组合.此外,总结了磷酸盐涂层在防腐蚀、耐高温和一些其他性能方面的应用现状.最后对磷酸盐涂层今后的发展趋势进行了展望,指出磷酸盐涂层在航空航天和石油化工等领域的研究重点. 相似文献
7.
采用在线汞测试方法,以山西省低热值煤电厂中掺烧的煤泥为研究对象,利用实验室小型流化床,研究煤泥中汞的热转化行为差异及共性特征、影响煤泥热转化过程中汞迁移的关键因素,以揭示煤泥热转化过程中汞污染物的迁移机理。结果表明,同一种煤泥,相同气氛,800、900、1 000 ℃下,燃烧温度对煤泥中的汞的释放比例没有变化;相同温度,汞的释放比例为氮气>空气>氧气。3种煤泥在相同燃烧条件下,汞的释放特征相似,元素汞的释放量和释放比例差异较大。释放量与煤泥中的汞含量正相关,释放比例与煤泥中汞的赋存形态有一定关系。 相似文献
8.
9.
基于实际太阳能无人机的应用背景,对其核心功率变换部分展开深入研究。通过在传统同步整流型Boost变换器基础上增加少量无源元件,利用电感电流的连续性,构造功率开关输出电容放电环节,在保证主功率电感电流纹波较小的情况下实现功率开关的零电压开通,克服传统同步整流型Boost变换器为实现软开关而工作于准方波模式下,电感电流纹波较大的问题,从而有助于延长无人机蓄电池组的使用寿命。从该拓扑的模态分析出发,对功率开关的零电压开通实现过程进行详细分析。此外,对变换器进行参数设计,总结整个变换器的主要损耗计算方法。最后,利用GaN功率开关器件,搭建一台额定功率为500 W的实验样机,并与相同工况下的同步整流型Boost变换器进行对比。实验结果与理论分析基本一致,峰值效率达到96%。验证了理论分析的准确性以及该拓扑的实际可行性。 相似文献
10.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(74):31833-31842
Biomass gasification technology under microwave irradiation is a new and novel method, and the energy conversion performances during the process play a guiding role in improving the energy conversion efficiencies and developing the gasification simulation models. In order to improve the energy utilization efficiency of microwave biomass gasification system, this study investigated and presented the energy conversion performances during biomass gasification process under microwave irradiation, and these were materialized through detailing (a) the energy conversion performance in the microwave heating stage, and (b) the energy conversion performance in the microwave assisted biomass gasification stage. Different forms of energies in the biomass microwave gasification process were calculated by the method given in this study based on the experimental data. The results showed that the useful energy (energy in silicon carbide (SiC), 18.73 kJ) accounted for 31.22% of the total energy input (electrical energy, 60.00 kJ) in the heating stage, and the useful energy (energy in the products, 758.55 kJ) accounted for 63.41% of the total energy input (electrical and biomass energy, 1196.28 kJ) in the gasification stage. During the whole biomass gasification process under microwave irradiation, the useful energy output (energy in the products, 758.55 kJ) accounted for 60.38% of the total energy input (electrical and biomass energy, 1256.28 kJ), and the energy in the gas (523.40 kJ) product played a dominate role in product energy (758.55 kJ). The energy loss mainly included the heat loss in the gas flow (89.20 kJ), magnetron loss (191.80 kJ) and microwave dissipation loss (198.00 kJ), which accounted for 7.10%, 15.27% and 15.76% of the total energy, respectively. The contents detailed in this study not only presented the energy conversion performances during microwave assisted gasification process but also supplied important data for developing gasification simulation models. 相似文献