Accelerator Analysis of Tributyltin Adsorbed onto the Surface of a Tributyltin Resistant Marine Pseudoalteromonas sp. Cell

Tributyltin (TBT) released into seawater from ship hulls is a stable marine pollutant and obviously remains in marine environments. We isolated a TBT resistant marine Pseudoalteromonas sp. TBT1 from sediment of a ship’s ballast water. The isolate (10^{9.3 ± 0.2} colony-forming units mL⁻¹) adsorbed TBT in proportion to the concentrations of TBTCl externally added up to 3 mM, where the number of TBT adsorbed by a single cell was estimated to be 10^8.2. The value was reduced to about one-fifth when the lysozyme-treated cells were used. The surface of ethanol treated cells became rough, but the capacity of TBT adsorption was the same as that for native cells. These results indicate that the function of the cell surface, rather than that structure, plays an important role to the adsorption of TBT. The adsorption state of TBT seems to be multi-layer when the number of more than 10^6.8 TBT molecules is adsorbed by a single cell.     

Polymer brush coatings for combating marine biofouling

A variety of functional polymer brushes and coatings have been developed for combating marine biofouling and biocorrosion with much less environmental impact than traditional biocides. This review summarizes recent developments in marine antifouling polymer brushes and coatings that are tethered to material surfaces and do not actively release biocides. Polymer brush coatings have been designed to inhibit molecular fouling, microfouling and macrofouling through incorporation or inclusion of multiple functionalities. Hydrophilic polymers, such as poly(ethylene glycol), hydrogels, zwitterionic polymers and polysaccharides, resist attachment of marine organisms effectively due to extensive hydration. Fouling release polymer coatings, based on fluoropolymers and poly(dimethylsiloxane) elastomers, minimize adhesion between marine organisms and material surfaces, leading to easy removal of biofoulants. Polycationic coatings are effective in reducing marine biofouling partly because of their good bactericidal properties. Recent advances in controlled radical polymerization and click chemistry have also allowed better molecular design and engineering of multifunctional brush coatings for improved antifouling efficacies.     

The Effects of a Timber Preservative Spillage on the Ecology of the River Lossie

This study examines the effects of timber preservative spillages on the ecology of the River Lossie whilst the river's quality was recovering following the removal of an unsatisfactory discharge of sewage effluent. The effects of spillages on a minor tributary of the River Lossie are also presented.     

Sn/C复合材料的制备及其电化学性能

以煤焦油沥青为碳源、三丁基氯化锡(TBTC)为锡源,采用压力下聚合手段原位合成出Sn/C复合材料,并对它的电化学性能进行了研究。通过SEM、XRD、恒电流充放电测试等手段研究了不同Sn含量的Sn/C复合材料的形态、结构及其电化学行为,结果表明TBTC对沥青的热缩聚反应有显著的催化作用,热聚产物中吡啶不溶物(PI)组分的含量由未添加时的35.5%逐渐提高至添加量为25%时的60.3%;进一步热处理后,Sn/C复合材料中的锡由原来的SnS转化为金属锡的形式存在;其首次循环效率随着热处理温度的提高而增加,而首次充放电容量随着TBTC添加量的增加先增加后减少,在10%时达到最大的比容量值,首次充放电容量分别为674mAh/g和465mAh/g,第二次循环后,循环效率达到95%以上,是一种性能较佳的锂离子蓄电池负极材料。     

三（正）丁基锡氢化物存在下的自由基环化反应

三(正)丁基锡氢化物在 AIBN 存在下可使某些分子中含有重键的卤化物或羰基化合物发生分子内环化反应,形成各种环状化合物,而且反应条件温和,收率高。     

甲基丙烯酸三丁基锡酯共聚反应的研究

在６０℃下、苯溶液中,以偶氮二异丁腈为引发剂,甲基丙烯酸三丁基锡酯（ＴＢＴＭ０分别与甲基丙烯酸叔丁酯（ＴＢＭＡ）及甲基丙烯酸三苯基甲酯（ＴＰＣＭ）进行自由基共聚反应。用ＦＴＩＲ光谱仪测定了其竞聚率,ｒ１（ＴＢＴＭ）＝０．２８,ｒ２（ＴＢＭＡ）＝０．８３,ｒ１（ＴＢＴＭ）＝０．８３,ｒ２（ＴＰＣＭ）＝０．４５。认为影响这类单体共聚活性的主要因素是单体分子结构中的取代基的体积效应,空间位阻和极性。     

Dietary intake of organotin compounds in Finland: A market-basket study

The objective of this study was to estimate the intake of organic tin compounds from foodstuffs in a Finnish market basket. The study was conducted by collecting 13 market baskets from supermarkets and market places in the city of Kuopio, eastern Finland. Altogether 115 different food items were bought. In each basket, foodstuffs were mixed in proportion to their consumption and analysed by GC/MS for seven organic tin compounds (mono-, di-, and tributyltin, mono-, di-, and triphenyltin, and dioctyltin). Organotin compounds were detected in only four baskets, with the fish basket containing the largest number of different organotins. The European Food Safety Authority has established a tolerable daily intake of 250 ng kg^-1 body weight for the sum of dibutyltin, tributyltin, triphenyltin and dioctyltin. According to this study, the daily intake of these compounds was 2.47 ng kg^-1 body weight, of which 81% originated from the fish basket. This exposure is only 1% of the tolerable daily intake and poses negligible risk to the average consumer. However, for consumers eating large quantities of fish from contaminated areas, the intake may be much higher.     

气相色谱—火焰光度法测定大米中三丁基锡和三苯基锡

建立了大米中三丁基锡和三苯基锡化合物同时分析的气相色谱法。样品以二氯甲烷超声提取,四乙基硼酸钠衍生,衍生物经弗罗里硅土层析柱净化后,采用气相色谱—火焰光度法进行检测,并对影响测定的各种因素进行了探讨。三丁基锡、三苯基锡均在0.1~10 mg/L质量浓度范围内线性良好,线性相关系数分别为0.999 0,0.999 5,方法检出限分别为0.049,0.075 mg/kg。在0.5、5.0、10 mg/L 3个添加水平下,三丁基锡、三苯基锡的平均回收率为96.4%~109.4%,相对标准偏差为4.09%~8.46%。方法用于大米中三丁基锡和三苯基锡化合物的同时检测,结果良好。     

基于磁性分子印迹联用高效液相色谱-电感耦合等离子体质谱测定海产品中的三丁基锡

以四氧化三铁作为支撑体进行表面分子印迹,通过两步聚合,在其表面修饰上功能单体（甲基丙烯酸MAA）,与模板分子（三丁基锡TBT）、交联剂（二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯EGDMA）和致孔剂（乙腈）聚合,成功地制备了能特异性识别TBT的磁性分子印迹聚合物（Fe₃O₄@MIPs）。对其进行物理表征,并研究了其吸附、选择等能力。结果表明,该磁性分子印迹聚合物对比传统印迹聚合物有更大的吸附量,更显著的选择吸附性,而因其磁性分离特性,前处理过程变得更简易,快速。用磁性分子印迹聚合物作为吸附剂富集分离,在多种海产样品中的检测限为1.0 ng/g,加标回收率是79.74%⁹5.72%,线性范围是5 ng/g到1000 ng/g。对贻贝、泥蚶和大黄鱼进行并联合高效液相色谱电感耦合等离子质谱（HPLC-ICP-MS）分析,样品加标回收率范围在79.74%⁹5.72%,RSD（相对标准偏差）在1.3%⁴.7%。该方法总分析时间更短,检测限更低,线性范围更宽,能更好地应用于海水和海产品中三丁基锡的测定。