Yeast mutants with increased bacterial transposon Tn5 excision

Five complementing recessive mutations that exhibit increased bacterial transposon Tn5 precise excision in yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae were obtained by ethylmethanesulfonate treatment. One of these mutations (tex1) was submitted to extensive genetic analysis. tex1 is a recessive temperature-sensitive mutation resulting in a 20-100-fold increase in Tn5 excision. It also has increased frequencies of ochre mutation reversion, of forward mutation to canavanine resistance, and loss of chromosome III or its right arm. The possible mechanism of tex1 effects is discussed.     

Functionalized Reduced Graphene Oxide as a Versatile Tool for Cancer Therapy

Cancer is one of the deadliest diseases in human history with extremely poor prognosis. Although many traditional therapeutic modalities—such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy—have proved to be successful in inhibiting the growth of tumor cells, their side effects may vastly limited the actual benefits and patient acceptance. In this context, a nanomedicine approach for cancer therapy using functionalized nanomaterial has been gaining ground recently. Considering the ability to carry various anticancer drugs and to act as a photothermal agent, the use of carbon-based nanomaterials for cancer therapy has advanced rapidly. Within those nanomaterials, reduced graphene oxide (rGO), a graphene family 2D carbon nanomaterial, emerged as a good candidate for cancer photothermal therapy due to its excellent photothermal conversion in the near infrared range, large specific surface area for drug loading, as well as functional groups for functionalization with molecules such as photosensitizers, siRNA, ligands, etc. By unique design, multifunctional nanosystems could be designed based on rGO, which are endowed with promising temperature/pH-dependent drug/gene delivery abilities for multimodal cancer therapy. This could be further augmented by additional advantages offered by functionalized rGO, such as high biocompatibility, targeted delivery, and enhanced photothermal effects. Herewith, we first provide an overview of the most effective reducing agents for rGO synthesis via chemical reduction. This was followed by in-depth review of application of functionalized rGO in different cancer treatment modalities such as chemotherapy, photothermal therapy and/or photodynamic therapy, gene therapy, chemotherapy/phototherapy, and photothermal/immunotherapy.     

基于家族基因的网格信任模型

针对现有基于PKI (Public Key Infrastructure)的网格信任系统的不足,证书主体信息不明确, 认证过程复杂等缺陷提出了一种新颖的基于家族基因的网格信任模型。该模型解决了传统信任模型存在的问题,如采用将用户的全部身份信息放在用户的基因里方法解决了证书主体信息的不明确,用基因检测解决了认证过程的复杂,用基因指派解决了访问控制的繁琐,并且给出了网格家族、家族基因、基因指派、基因鉴别和信任等概念,并建立了模型的形式化描述,理论分析和实验结果表明这种模型是网格信任领域一种较好的解决方案。     

Hormonal Responses to Susceptible,Intermediate, and Resistant Interactions in the Brassica napus–Leptosphaeria maculans Pathosystem

Hormone signaling plays a pivotal role in plant–microbe interactions. There are three major phytohormones in plant defense: salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), and ethylene (ET). The activation and trade-off of signaling between these three hormones likely determines the strength of plant defense in response to pathogens. Here, we describe the allocation of hormonal signaling in Brassica napus against the fungal pathogen Leptosphaeria maculans. Three B. napus genotypes (Westar, Surpass400, and 01-23-2-1) were inoculated with two L. maculans isolates (H75 8-1 and H77 7-2), subsequently exhibiting three levels of resistance: susceptible, intermediate, and resistant. Quantitative analyses suggest that the early activation of some SA-responsive genes, including WRKY70 and NPR1, contribute to an effective defense against L. maculans. The co-expression among factors responding to SA/ET/JA was also observed in the late stage of infection. The results of conjugated SA measurement also support that early SA activation plays a crucial role in durable resistance. Our results demonstrate the relationship between the onset patterns of certain hormone regulators and the effectiveness of the defense of B. napus against L. maculans.     

Different Expression of Mitochondrial and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Genes in Epicardial Adipose Tissue Depends on Coronary Atherosclerosis

The aim of our study was to analyze mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) gene expression profiles in subcutaneous (SAT) and epicardial (EAT) adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and myocardium in patients with and without CAD undergoing elective cardiac surgery. Thirty-eight patients, 27 with (CAD group) and 11 without CAD (noCAD group), undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting and/or valvular surgery were included in the study. EAT, SAT, intercostal skeletal muscle, and right atrium tissue and blood samples were collected at the start and end of surgery; mRNA expression of selected mitochondrial and ER stress genes was assessed using qRT-PCR. The presence of CAD was associated with decreased mRNA expression of most of the investigated mitochondrial respiratory chain genes in EAT, while no such changes were seen in SAT or other tissues. In contrast, the expression of ER stress genes did not differ between the CAD and noCAD groups in almost any tissue. Cardiac surgery further augmented mitochondrial dysfunction in EAT. In our study, CAD was associated with decreased expression of mitochondrial, but not endoplasmic reticulum stress genes in EAT. These changes may contribute to the acceleration of coronary atherosclerosis.     

基于SDNA-GA 优化的模糊神经网络控制

针对最新的生物DNA研究,病毒中同一DNA碱基顺序可以编码出2条或者3条不同的多肽链.在此基础上分析与模仿了重叠基因和重叠密码的机理,得到一种新的基于重叠基因编码框架,从而提高了问题求解的效率;同时,得到一种移码解读框架的DNA遗传算法(SDNA-GA)计算模型,并将其应用于一类广义隶属度型T-S模糊神经网络控制器(GTS-FNNC)的优化设计,实现了GTS-FNNC的在线学习.