Compositional characteristics,texture, shelf-life and sensory quality of snack crackers produced from non-traditional ingredients

The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of non-traditional and highly available and nutrient-dense ingredients in the production of value-added crackers. The crackers were prepared by combining partially defatted chia flour, wheat germ, quinoa, and oat. The antioxidant activity and the polyphenol content were 7.0–8.4 times higher in crackers produced with non-traditional ingredients compared to the control snack. The hydroperoxide value indicated a low oxidative deterioration of the oil. The sample with 10% of partially defatted chia flour was selected for shelf-life test under storage conditions and sensory evaluation. Modified atmosphere exerted a protective effect on the lipid stability regardless of the incorporation of BHT to the formulation. All the evaluated attributes scored highly during consumer acceptance. The formulated cracker presented a relevant content of protein, dietary fibre and omega-3 and -6 fatty acids. Based on these results, the crackers containing non-traditional ingredients resulted in a product with a good potential for both consumer acceptance and outstanding nutritional benefits.     

A comprehensive review of wheat phytochemicals: From farm to fork and beyond

The health benefits of whole wheat consumption can be partially attributed to wheat's phytochemicals, including phenolic acids, flavonoids, alkylresorcinols, carotenoids, phytosterols, tocopherols, and tocotrienols. It is of increasing interest to produce whole wheat products that are rich in bioactive phytochemicals. This review provides the fundamentals of the chemistry, extraction, and occurrence of wheat phytochemicals and includes critical discussion of several long-lasting issues: (1) the commonly used nomenclature on distribution of wheat phenolic acids, namely, soluble-free, soluble-conjugated, and insoluble-bound phenolic acids; (2) different extraction protocols for wheat phytochemicals; and (3) the chemistry and application of in vitro antioxidant assays. This review further discusses recent advances on the effects of genotypes, environments, field management, and processing techniques including ultrafine grinding, germination, fermentation, enzymatic treatments, thermal treatments, and food processing. These results need to be interpreted with care due to varied sample preparation protocols and limitations of in vitro assays. The bioaccessibility, bioavailability, metabolism, and potential health benefits of wheat phytochemicals are also reviewed. This comprehensive and critical review will benefit scientific researchers in the field of bioactive compounds of cereal grains and also those in the cereal food industry to produce high-quality functional foods.     

不同品种小麦粉对马铃薯面条食用品质的影响

为筛选出适宜加工马铃薯面条的小麦粉品种,本研究比较分析了双福02-1、永良4、奎冬5、济南17、山农15和新冬18六种不同品种小麦粉对马铃薯面条蒸煮损失、拉伸特性、TPA质构特性的影响,并利用扫描电子显微镜对其内部结构进行观察。结果表明:在马铃薯全粉添加量20%,小麦粉添加量80%,面团含水量35%的条件下,济南17和山农15两种小麦粉制得马铃薯面条的蒸煮损失、拉伸特性、质构特性等品质指标均显著优于其他4种小麦粉。扫描电镜结果表明,济南17和山农15马铃薯干面内部结构更加致密,空隙率更小。由双福02-1、永良4小麦粉制得马铃薯面条感官品质整体较差。综合以上结果,六种小麦粉中济南17和山农15较适合制作马铃薯面条,而双福02-1和永良4制作的马铃薯面条加工适应性较差。     

Simultaneous production of cellulase and ferulic acid esterase by Penicillium decumbens with rice straw as the sole carbon source

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脱酰胺对热诱导小麦面筋蛋白构象及凝胶性质的影响

利用蛋白质谷氨酰胺酶(PGase)对小麦面筋蛋白进行处理,研究PGase脱酰胺及热诱导对小麦面筋蛋白构象及其凝胶性质的影响。结果表明,PGase脱酰胺能够在一定程度上抑制小麦面筋蛋白的热诱导聚集行为,提高小麦面筋蛋白热诱导凝胶的强度和保水性。当PGase添加量为3 U/g时,其凝胶强度和保水性均达到最大值,分别为903. 27 N和78. 70%。研究还表明,PGase处理后小麦面筋蛋白与水相互作用增加,从而提高了脱酰胺小麦面筋蛋白热诱导凝胶中非可冻结水含量。扫描电镜结果显示PGase脱酰胺结合热诱导处理的小麦面筋蛋白形成了更加有序的凝胶网络结构。     

不同干燥方式对小麦拉丝蛋白素牛肉干品质的影响

为使即食小麦拉丝蛋白食品具有牛肉干的风味和口感,研究了真空油炸(VF)、常压油炸(AF)、高温烘烤(HB)和微波加热(MH)干燥方式对含水量在(20±2)%小麦拉丝蛋白素牛肉干品质的影响。考察4种干燥方式对小麦拉丝蛋白素牛肉干品质的影响。测定小麦拉丝蛋白素牛肉干色泽、组织化度、质构特性(TPA)、水分分布及感官评定的变化。结果表明:相比其他3种干燥方式,真空油炸制备小麦拉丝蛋白素牛肉干具有明亮的淡棕色,产品组织化度达到1.85±0.05,咀嚼度最高达到(6 766.87±174.73)g·s,总体接受度达到8.53±0.34,水分分布较为均匀并呈现明显的梯度分布。利用真空油炸制备小麦拉丝蛋白素牛肉干最为接近传统牛肉干。     

Validation and quantification of neonicotinoid insecticide residues in rice whole grain and rice straw using LC-MS/MS

An efficient analytical method was developed and validated using a modified QuEChERS method and LC-MS/MS for the detection and quantification of neonicotinoid insecticide residues in rice whole grain and rice straw. The samples were extracted using acetonitrile and cleaned up by dispersive solid-phase extraction. Validation based on five fortification levels showed good recoveries of neonicotinoids ranging from 75% to 116 % and 60% to 105 % for rice whole grain and straw, respectively. The precision ranged between 3% and 17 %, and 2% and 10 % for grain and straw, respectively. The limit of detection was from 0.007 to 0.0084 mg kg^?1 and 0.005 to 0.15 mg kg^?1 and the limit of quantification was in the range of 0.024–0.028 mg kg^?1 and 0.016–0.051 mg kg^?1 for rice whole grain and rice straw, respectively. Monitoring of farm gate samples indicated that, out of 24 samples, 1 rice whole grain sample was contaminated with thiamethoxam residues (0.07 mg kg^?1).     

Rapid screening of DON contamination in whole wheat meals by Vis/NIR spectroscopy and computer vision coupling technology

This work intends to develop an online experimental system for screening of deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination in whole wheat meals by visible/near-infrared (Vis/NIR) spectroscopy and computer vision coupling technology. Spectral and image information of samples with various DON levels was collected at speed of 0.15 m s⁻¹ on a conveyor belt. The two-type data were then integrated and subjected to chemometric analysis. Discriminant analysis showed that samples could be classified by setting 1000 μg kg⁻¹ as the cut-off value. The best correct classified rate obtained in prediction was 93.55% based on fusion of spectral and image features, with reduced prediction uncertainty as compared to single feature. However, quantification of DON by quantitative analysis was not successful due to poor model performance. These results indicate that, although not accurate enough to provide conclusive result, this coupling technology could be adopted for rapid screening of DON contamination in cereals and feeds during processing.