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1.
建立一种超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定不同种类陈年老茶中16 种真菌毒素的方法。样品经甲酸-乙腈(10∶90,V/V)溶液提取,提取液加入QuEChERS盐包振摇离心,过OASIS PRIME HLB小柱和dSPE净化管处理,以ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C18色谱柱分离,采用电喷雾正离子的多反应离子监测模式,茶叶基质匹配标准溶液。结果显示:16 种真菌毒素在各自浓度范围内呈良好线性关系(R>0.999);在茶叶基质中3 个不同添加水平下的加标回收率在63.4%~109.7%之间,相对标准偏差为1.7%~11.3%,方法检出限为0.03~7.00 μg/kg。选取了121 份陈年老茶样品进行检测,1 份乌龙茶样品检出黄曲霉毒素B1,含量为34.0 μg/kg,1 份红茶样品检出赭曲霉毒素A,含量为1.6 μg/kg。本方法稳定、准确、灵敏、快速,能够满足各种茶叶样品中多毒素残留分析的需求。  相似文献   
2.
Mycotoxin contamination in foods has posed serious threat to public health and raised worldwide concern. The development of simple, rapid, facile, and cost-effective methods for mycotoxin detection is of urgent need. Aptamer-based sensors, abbreviated as aptasensors, with excellent recognition capacity to a wide variety of mycotoxins have attracted ever-increasing interest of researchers because of their simple fabrication, rapid response, high sensitivity, low cost, and easy adaptability for in situ measurement. The past few decades have witnessed the rapid advances of aptasensors for mycotoxin detection in foods. Therefore, this review first summarizes the reported aptamer sequences specific for mycotoxins. Then, the recent 5-year advancements in various newly developed aptasensors, which, according to the signal output mode, are divided into electrochemical, optical and photoelectrochemical categories, for mycotoxin detection are comprehensively discussed. A special attention is taken on their strengths and limitations in real-world application. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives for developing novel highly reliable aptasensors for mycotoxin detection are highlighted, which is expected to provide powerful references for their thorough research and extended applications. Owing to their unique advantages, aptasensors display a fascinating prospect in food field for safety inspection and risk assessment.  相似文献   
3.
Mycotoxins are metabolites produced by molds that contaminate food commodities, are harmful to both humans and animals, as well as cause economic losses. Many countries have set regulatory limits and strict thresholds to control the level of mycotoxins in food and feedstuffs. New technologies and strategies have been developed to inhibit toxigenic fungal invasion and to decontaminate mycotoxins. However, many of these strategies do not sufficiently detoxify mycotoxins and leave residual toxic by-products. This review focuses on the use of phenolic compounds obtained from botanical extracts as promising bioagents to inhibit fungal growth and/or to limit mycotoxin yields. The mechanism of these botanicals, legislation concerning their use, and their safety are also discussed. In addition, recent strategies to overcome stability and solubility constraints of phenolic compounds to be used in food and feed stuffs are also mentioned.  相似文献   
4.
Gliotoxin and related epidithiodiketopiperazines (ETP) from diverse fungi feature highly functionalized hydroindole scaffolds with an array of medicinally and ecologically relevant activities. Mutation analysis, heterologous reconstitution, and biotransformation experiments revealed that a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase (GliF) from the human-pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus plays a key role in the formation of the complex heterocycle. In vitro assays using a biosynthetic precursor from a blocked mutant showed that GliF is specific to ETPs and catalyzes an unprecedented heterocyclization reaction that cannot be emulated with current synthetic methods. In silico analyses indicate that this rare biotransformation takes place in related ETP biosynthetic pathways.  相似文献   
5.
在世界范围内,由真菌毒素造成的经济损失估计达数十亿美元,给人类和动物带来安全风险。粮食中真菌毒素的预防可以通过食品加工过程中进行真菌毒素的消减处理。在过去几十年里,虽然发表的科技论文中报道了大量真菌毒素防控措施,但实际生产往往需要更容易实施的、简单易行的建议和指导方针。欧洲和东南亚在真菌毒素处理到数据分析、风险评估到污染防控、差异分析到流通途径等方面可以做到相互协作,互相补充。欧洲和东南亚政府及相关行业必须在综合考虑地域、农业系统和不同国家消费者偏好的背景下,寻求平衡食品安全和地区贸易二者关系,协同管控食品供应链。以谷物为例,加工过程包括初级加工(谷物清理和碾磨操作)和二次加工(如烘焙过程中的发酵和烘烤),欧洲尤其关注烘焙食品安全性及全麦面包生产工艺对呕吐毒素的影响。结合农业、咖啡工业和科学研究人员的专业知识及亚洲咖啡生产者的具体情况,重点关注东南亚地区咖啡中赭曲霉毒素A污染问题。在农场环境中减少真菌毒素的措施给咖啡农民带来了较大的挑战,包括在规范种植农场模式下咖啡生产者和消费者之间社会经济效益和个人行为模式的相关影响因素。随着世界变得更加全球化,食品和饲料供应链也变得日趋复杂,因此,需要制定更全面的策略来确保食品供给及品质安全。  相似文献   
6.
建立了同步检测粮食中15种真菌毒素的杂质吸附固相萃取–超高效液相色谱串联质谱方法。样品经0.1%酸化84%乙腈水溶液提取,杂质吸附柱Prime-HLB净化后,加入稳定同位素内标补偿基质效应干扰,选择Phenomenon Kinetex Bipheny l100A作为分离柱,采用梯度洗脱,超高效液相色谱–串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)检测,内标法定量。结果表明,15种真菌毒素的线性相关系数均大于0.996,检出限为0.2~15 μg/kg,定量限为0.8~30 μg/kg;三种基质3个添加水平的回收率为76.9%~116.1%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.4%~10%;对玉米基质标准物质进行检测验证,表明8种真菌毒素的检测值均在标示范围内;采用本方法检测了市售粮食135批次,共有97批样品检出真菌毒素,检出率为71%,多毒素同时污染现象较为普遍。方法可用于粮食及其制品中真菌毒素的快速检测。  相似文献   
7.
总体上说,我国白酒和黄酒的安全性指标研究起步较晚,特别是白酒和黄酒中氨基甲酸乙酯(ethyl carbamate, EC)的研究,大部分研究更多关注检测方法的开发,针对可能超过限量的指标的消减技术研究较少,而从源头和过程控制角度进行消减的技术研究显得更为稀少。建议尽快制订相关标准和/或控制指南,加大基础性研究和控制技术研究力度,为我国白酒和黄酒品质安全研究提出建设性建议。本文重点回顾了近10年来我国传统饮料酒白酒、黄酒中氨基甲酸乙酯、氰化物、生物胺、真菌毒素和塑化剂等安全风险因子的研究现状,包括检测方法、产品现状、过程变化、产生机制或形成途径,以及消减技术,对现有饮料酒白酒和黄酒品质安全研究的问题与挑战进行了分析。  相似文献   
8.
In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in investigating the carcinogenicity of mycotoxins in humans. This systematic review aims to provide an overview of data linking exposure to different mycotoxins with human cancer risk. Publications (2019 and earlier) of case–control or longitudinal cohort studies were identified in PubMed and EMBASE. These articles were then screened by independent reviewers and their quality was assessed according to the Newcastle–Ottawa scale. Animal, cross‐sectional, and molecular studies satisfied criteria for exclusion. In total, 14 articles were included: 13 case–control studies and 1 longitudinal cohort study. Included articles focused on associations of mycotoxin exposure with primary liver, breast, and cervical cancer. Overall, a positive association between the consumption of aflatoxin‐contaminated foods and primary liver cancer risk was verified. Two case–control studies in Africa investigated the relationship between zearalenone and its metabolites and breast cancer risk, though conflicting results were reported. Two case–control studies investigated the association between hepatocellular carcinoma and fumonisin B1 exposure, but no significant associations were observed. This systematic review incorporates several clear observations of dose‐dependent associations between aflatoxins and liver cancer risk, in keeping with IARC Monograph conclusions. Only few human epidemiological studies investigated the associations between mycotoxin exposures and cancer risk. To close this gap, more in‐depth research is needed to unravel evidence for other common mycotoxins, such as deoxynivalenol and ochratoxin A. The link between mycotoxin exposures and cancer risk has mainly been established in experimental studies, and needs to be confirmed in human epidemiological studies to support the evidence‐based public health strategies.  相似文献   
9.
采集于2013、2014、2015和2016年收储的玉米库存样品各7个,对样品营养成分、脂肪酸值、霉菌毒素含量和猪仿生消化能等进行测定。结果表明,收储年份为2013年的库存玉米,与其他收储年份(2014、2015和2016年)库存玉米相比,精氨酸和酪氨酸含量较低(P0.05),呕吐毒素含量较高(P0.05);然而,其呕吐毒素含量在GB 13078—2017《饲料卫生标准》规定的安全限量之内。同时,各组间营养成分(水分、总能、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、总膳食纤维、磷、中性洗涤纤维等)、脂肪酸值、霉菌毒素(黄曲霉毒素B1、赭曲霉毒素和玉米赤霉烯酮)含量以及猪仿生消化能值均无明显差别(P0.05)。综上所述,黑龙江粮库内2013、2014、2015和2016年收储的库存玉米对猪有类似的营养价值,均利于猪饲粮的配制。  相似文献   
10.
生物传感器是1种将生物信号转化为电信号的传感装置,迄今已经有50多年的发展历史。生物传感器从早期通过检测代谢产物的第1代生物传感器发展到可以实现直接电化学的第3代生物传感器。由于自身出色的性能,生物传感器得到了广泛的应用,各种新的技术也层出不穷。在食品分析领域中,生物传感器被广泛用于农兽药残留、真菌毒素、微生物及病毒以及其他污染物的检测。本文梳理了近年来生物传感器在食品检测中的广泛应用,并对未来生物传感技术在食品中发展作出了展望。  相似文献   
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