玉米赤霉烯酮胶体金试纸条质量验证试验

目的验证玉米赤霉烯酮胶体金试纸条对玉米基质、小麦基质样品中玉米赤霉烯酮检测的准确性。方法根据试纸条说明书方法,将不同浓度系列的玉米基体和小麦基体质控样品进行前处理后,用试纸条测定其浓度。结果检测样品为玉米基体时试纸条间无显著性差异,相对准确率为99.5%,检测结果准确;小麦基体时,试纸条显著性差异为39.03(自由度df=1),相对准确率为80.5%,检测结果差异较大。结论该方法基本可行,适合对玉米中玉米赤霉烯酮的含量进行定性检测,不适合对小麦中玉米赤霉烯酮含量进行定性检测。     

高效液相法同时检测谷物中玉米赤霉烯酮和赭曲霉毒素A

该研究开发一种快速、灵敏同时检测玉米、小麦和稻米中玉米赤霉烯酮(zearalenone,ZEN)和赭曲霉毒素A(ochratoxin A,OTA)的高效液相色谱检测方法。将样品采用乙腈/水(80/20,体积比),200 r/min,30℃振荡提取30 min后,经Oasis PRiME HLB固相萃取柱净化后,上样检测。该方法ZEN和OTA检测限(limit of detection,LOD)为3.7μg/kg和0.11μg/kg,定量限(quantification Limit,LOQ)为12.25μg/kg和0.38μg/kg,线性范围分别为10μg/kg^2000μg/kg和0.2μg/kg^200μg/kg,加标样品中不同浓度的ZEN和OTA回收率为83.0%~101.3%,日内精密度和日间精密度分别为3.12%~7.03%和3.57%~9.3%。该方法适用于玉米、小麦和稻米中ZEN和OTA的同时检测。     

河北地区面制品中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇及其衍生物和玉米赤霉烯酮污染水平调查与分析

目的了解河北地区面制品中脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(deoxynivalenol,DON)及其衍生物3-ADON、15-ADON和玉米赤霉烯酮(zearalenone,ZEN)污染状况。方法对河北地区79份烘烤食品(饼干、面包)、87份生面制品和89份馒头样品进行调查分析。样品经乙腈:水(84:16, V:V)溶液超声离心提取后,通过多功能固相萃取柱进行净化处理,采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法进行检测。结果 255份样品中,3A-DON、15A-DON和ZEN检出率均不高;DON检出率较高,共检出阳性样品252份,检出率为98.8%,超标样品10份,超标率为3.9%。4种真菌毒素污染较为严重的样品为饼干样品,其检出率和超标率明显高于其他面制品。结论在面制品中,主要的污染物为DON,污染最严重的样品类别为饼干样品,其污染状况应引起关注。     

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes-based magnetic solid-phase extraction for the determination of zearalenone and its derivatives in maize by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry

A simple and rapid magnetic solid-phase extraction (M-SPE) procedure using multi-walled carbon nanotube-magnetic nanoparticles (MWCNT-MNPs) as sorbents was established for purification of zearalenone (ZEA), α-zearalenol (α-ZOL), β-zearalenol (β-ZOL), zearalanone (ZAN), α-zearalanol (α-ZAL) and β-zearalanol (β-ZAL) in maize. The main parameters affecting the clean-up efficiency were thoroughly investigated, and high purification efficiencies for all analytes were obtained. The resulting MWCNT-MNP-ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method was validated for maize samples. The matrix effects were greatly minimized using the M-SPE approach, with signal suppression/enhancement values decreased from 69.9–127.6% to 92.1–103.8%. Consequently, complex matrix-matched calibration curves were not necessary and the calibrations constructed in acetonitrile could be applied for accurate quantification of the targeted mycotoxins in real samples. The average recoveries ranged from 75.8 to 104.1% and the inter- and intra-day precision values expressed as RSDs, were all lower than 14%. Limits of detection and quantification were in the range of 0.03–0.04 and 0.07–0.10 μg/kg, respectively. The analytical performance of the developed method was also successfully evaluated with maize samples, and this method was proved to be a powerful tool for monitoring ZEA and its derivatives in maize.     

免疫亲和柱净化—液相色谱法测定玉米油中的玉米赤霉烯酮含量

目的 建立免疫亲和柱净化—液相色谱法测定玉米油中玉米赤霉烯酮含量的分析方法。方法 样品采用乙腈-水(9:1, V:V)提取, 免疫亲和柱净化, 经Inertsil ODS3-C18柱 (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm)分离, 以乙腈-水-甲醇(46:46:8, V:V:V)为流动相进行等度洗脱, 流速1.5 mL/min, 柱温30 ℃, 经荧光检测器检测, 外标法定量。结果 玉米赤霉烯酮在25~2500 μg/kg范围内具有良好线性, 相关系数为0.99998, 检出限5 μg/kg, 加标回收率为87.5%~107.5%, 相对标准偏差为3.2%~5.8%。对调和油中米赤霉烯酮质控考核样品Mycotoxin-PT-2018-042的检测结果满意。结论 该方法前处理操作简便, 损失少, 减少了试剂用量, 灵敏度高, 准确度高, 适用于玉米油中玉米赤霉烯酮的检测。     

Detoxification of zearalenone and ochratoxin A by ozone and quality evaluation of ozonised corn

Zearalenone (ZEN) and ochratoxin A (OTA) are secondary toxic metabolites of fungi that can contaminate a wide range of food and feedstuff. In this study, the effects of ozone treatment on ZEN and OTA and the quality of ozonised corn are investigated. Ozone significantly affects ZEN and OTA solutions. ZEN was undetectable 5 s after being treated with 10 mg l^–1 ozone. However, OTA was resistant to ozonation with a degradation rate of 65.4% after 120 s of treatment. Moreover, ZEN and OTA solutions were difficult to degrade after being dried by a nitrogen stream. Results showed that ozone effectively degraded ZEN and OTA in corn. The degradation rates of ZEN and OTA in corn increased with ozone concentration and treatment time. The degradation of ZEN and OTA at different ozone concentrations appropriately conformed to first-order kinetics with an R² value > 0.8749. Furthermore, under the same conditions, corn with increased moisture content (MC) (19.6%) was more sensitive to ozone than corn with a low MC (14.1%). When treated with 100 mg l^–1 ozone for 180 min, ZEN and OTA in corn with 19.6% MC decreased by 90.7% and 70.7%, respectively. To evaluate the quality of ozonised corn, subsequent quality experiments were conducted using corn samples treated at different times with 100 mg l^–1 ozone. The MC of corn decreased after ozone treatment. The whiteness and yellowness of the corn increased and decreased with increasing time, respectively. The fatty acid value of the corn increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05) after 180 min of treatment. This study verified that ozone can effectively degrade ZEN and OTA in corn, but slightly affected corn quality.     

Aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A and zearalenone in sorghum grains marketed in Tunisia

A total of 64 samples of sorghum (37 Tunisian sorghum samples and 27 Egyptian sorghum samples) were collected during 2011–2012 from markets in Tunisia. Samples were analysed for contamination with aflatoxin B1, ochratoxin A and zearalenone by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Fluorescence Detection (HPLC-FLD). Aflatoxin B1 was found in 38 samples in the range 0.03–31.7 µg kg^?1. Ochratoxin A was detected in 24 samples with concentrations ranging from 1.04 to 27.8 µg kg^?1. Zearalenone was detected in 21 samples and the concentration varied between 3.7 and 64.5 µg kg^?1. ANOVA analysis of the influence of the country of origin on the incidence and concentration of mycotoxins in the samples studied showed no significant difference (P > 0.05) between the two batches of samples for each of the three mycotoxins studied. The studied mycotoxins contaminate sorghum and may also co-exist because of the diversity of the mycobiota in this cereal.     

ELISA和UPLC-MS/MS联合检测粮食中玉米赤霉烯酮残留

建立酶联免疫吸附分析(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)和超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(ultra performance liquid chromatograph-tandem mass spectrometry,UPLC-MS/MS)联合测定粮食中玉米赤霉烯酮的快速检测方法。样品经乙腈-水-乙酸(70∶29∶1,V/V)溶液提取,采用ELISA筛选出阳性样品后利用UPLC-MS/MS进行验证。实验探讨了ELISA和UPLC-MS/MS联合检测法的有效性和测定中存在的问题及其矫正方法,并且研究了UPLC-MS/MS中样品净化与未净化的回收率。结果表明,本实验建立的ELISA和UPLC-MS/MS联合检测方法快速、高效,适用于大批量粮食样品中玉米赤霉烯酮残留量的快速评估。     

降解玉米赤霉烯酮芽孢杆菌的筛选和鉴定

从400株芽孢菌中筛选到对玉米赤霉烯酮(ZEN)有较好清除作用的两株芽孢杆菌373-2和411-1,分别与玉米赤霉烯酮(15μg/m L)共培养8 h和6 h后,将其完全清除。通过16S rDNA序列分析鉴定,373-2和411-1分别为一株新种芽孢杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)。对两株菌的玉米赤霉烯酮清除机理进行初步分析,结果表明,清除作用主要源自菌株胞外酶的降解活性。