P(DBF-VA)型柴油低温流动性改进剂的研制

针对新疆地产柴油蜡含量较高的特点,以游离基聚合法合成了富马酸双链混合酯和醋酸乙烯酯共聚物型[P(DBF-VA)]柴油低温流动改进剂,利用正交实验研究了单体配比,引发剂用量,溶剂用量,聚合温度对聚合物降冷滤效果的影响。共聚物用IR进行表征,利用XRD初步探讨了该降凝剂的降凝机理。结果表明:该剂能使吐哈—10~#、0~#柴油冷滤点降低10℃和7℃;使独山子0~#柴油冷滤点下降12℃;使石化0~#柴油冷滤点下降8℃;使克拉玛依0~#柴油的冷滤点下降8℃。     

Photocatalytic evolution of hydrogen over mesoporous TiO2 supported NiO photocatalyst prepared by single-step sol–gel process with surfactant template

Photocatalytic activity of mesoporous titania supported nickel oxide photocatalyst synthesized by single-step sol–gel (SSSG) process combined with surfactant-assisted template method was investigated for hydrogen evolution from an aqueous methanol solution, in comparison with one prepared by conventional incipient wetness impregnation (IWI) method. In single-step sol–gel process, nickel precursor was introduced into the titania sol prepared with the aid of a surfactant template behaving as pore-controlling agent to attain meso-scaled pore. The single-step sol–gel photocatalyst was experimentally found to enhance the photocatalytic evolution of hydrogen rather than the impregnated one. The optimum level of nickel loading in photocatalytic activity test for single-step sol–gel method was slightly higher than that for incipient wetness impregnation method. Characterization results demonstrated the significant modification of physical characteristics of the single-step sol–gel photocatalyst, anticipated to relating to the observation of higher photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity.     

PPV Nanotube Sensor Arrays for Explosives Identification by Excitation Wavelength Regulation

The development of sensitive materials for standard and improvised explosives is greatly significant to homeland security. In this paper, the phosphotungstate (NaPT) doped polyphenylene vinylene (PPV) nanotube arrays (NTAs), with excellent optical response, chemical stability, and larger specific surface area, are successfully fabricated by means of the “precursor film” infiltration method. The efficient charge carriers' separation of PPV NTAs can be achieved by doping NaPT to realize the photoelectric detection of explosive vapors. In addition, the identification of six explosives, including ammonium nitrate (AN), dinitrotoluence (DNT), picric acid (PA), p-nitrotoluene (PNT), triacetone triperoxide (TATP), and trinitrotoluene (TNT), can also be realized through the fingerprint atlas. Moreover, the adsorption energy and excited oscillator intensity has also been employed to explain the interaction between NaPT doped PPV nanotube arrays and various explosive molecules. Obviously, the NaPT doped PPV developed has the potential to be used as an explosive sensor.     

喹喔啉类衍生物与甲基噻吩共聚物的合成及性质

在二价镍配合物催化下,2,5-二溴-3-甲基噻吩格氏试剂与5,8-二溴-萘基喹喔啉和5,8-二溴-菲基喹喔啉共聚,得到相应的喹喔啉类共轭共聚物,收率分别为65%和68%。通过FT IR、1H-NM R对聚合物及中间体的结构进行了表征。聚合物的循环伏安图中,分别在0.66 V(Epa)/0.37 V(Epc)(Copo ly-m er I),0.78 V(Epa)/-0.06V(Epc)和1.26(Epa)/0.46(Epc)(Copo lym erⅡ)处观察到氧化还原峰,表明该类聚合物有电化学活性。在紫外-可见光谱中,分别在263 nm,323 nm处(Copo lym erⅠ)和299 nm,402 nm处(Copo lym erⅡ)出现吸收峰。所得聚合物分别在504 nm和513 nm处出现荧光最大发射峰。     

OFDM系统相关矩阵的分块结构及同步算法

根据载波加权可增强OFDM系统周期平稳性,实现系统盲同步的基本原理,分析了OFDM系统相关矩阵的分块结构,给出相应系统的盲同步算法.该方法通过检测相关矩阵的分块Toep litz矩阵结构,实现系统定时和载频偏差的估计.同时,在特定系统同步性能交换误码率的情况下通过分析载波加权、系统误码率和载频同步误差之间的互相制约关系,进一步给出了载波加权的确定方法.实验仿真结果表明,采用分块相关矩阵的同步方案与采用循环谱的同步方案相比,可获得更好的系统载频和定时同步效果.     

Formation of bulk ferromagnetic nanostructured Fe_(40)Ni_(40)P_(14)B_6 alloys by metastable liquid spinodal decomposition

Nanostructured Fe40Ni40P14B6 alloy ingots of 3―5 mm in diameter could be synthesized by a metastable liquid state spinodal decomposition method. For undercooling T> 260 K, the microstructure of the undercooled specimen had exhibited liquid state spinodal decomposition in the undercooled liquid state. The microstructure could be described as two intertwining networks with small grains dispersed in them. For undercooling T>290 K, the overall microstructure of the specimen changed into a granular morphology. T...     

基于动态注意力和多角度匹配的答案选择模型

针对当前主流神经网络在处理答案选择任务时无法同时满足句子的充分表示以及句子间信息充分交互的问题,提出了基于动态注意力和多角度匹配（DAMPM）的答案选择模型。首先,调用预训练语言模型的嵌入（ELMo）获得包含简单语义信息的词向量;接着,在注意力层采用过滤机制有效地去除句子中的噪声,从而更好地得到问句和答案句的句子表征;其次,在匹配层同时引入多种匹配策略来完成句子向量之间的信息交互;然后,利用双向长短期记忆（BiLSTM）网络对匹配层输出的句子向量进行拼接;最后,通过分类器来计算拼接向量的相似度大小,从而得到问句和答案句之间的语义关联。在文本检索会议问答（TRECQA）数据集上的实验结果表明,与基于比较聚合框架的基线模型中的动态滑动注意力网络（DCAN）方法相比,DAMPM在平均准确率均值（MAP）和平均倒数排名（MRR）两个性能指标上均提高了1.6个百分点。在维基百科问答（WikiQA）数据集上的实验结果表明,DAMPM相较DCAN在两个性能指标上分别提高了0.7个百分点和0.8个百分点。所提DAMPM相较于基线模型中的方法整体上有更好的性能表现。     

世界水日、中国水周主题下的水资源发展回顾与展望

基于历年世界水日、中国水周主题及其变化热点,梳理水资源在自然环境、人类社会生活中的现实发展变化情况;分析水资源在现代社会可持续发展中的作用,展现水资源科学发展的时代强音;论述当前全球对水资源的管理和保护措施,世界水日主题变化呈现由人类出发到人类与自然和谐共处的趋势,中国水周主题变化始终与政府宏观水资源的政策相关;世界水日与中国水周发展进程中,人类与水资源和谐共处的生态思想逐渐体现,显示了世界范围内人与自然和谐相处的理念逐渐深入人心。     

一种面向语义Web服务的语义程序变换方法

语义程序变换是面向语义Web服务的软件设计方法的基础,语义程序只有通过程序变换后才能被运行环境执行和调用,然而目前还缺乏有效的语义程序变换方法。针对这一问题,基于语义编程语言SPL,提出了一种面向语义Web服务的语义程序变换方法。该方法通过对语义数据类型、语义规则、语义服务和语义流程等语义信息的有效变换,不仅提高了面向服务的程序设计的灵活性和健壮性,而且有助于提高业务流程的柔性和重用性。