Permeability differences based on three-dimensional geometrical information of void spaces

In this study,the permeabilities of Berea and Otway sandstones were measured under different confining pressures,and porosity was investigated through mercury intrusion porosimetry(MIP).The total porosities of the Berea and Otway sandstones were approximately 17.4%and 25%,respectively.Pore size distributions of each sandstone were almost the same,but the pores in the Otway sandstone were slightly narrower.However,the permeability of the Otway sandstone was smaller than that of the Berea sandstone by one order of magnitude.Three-dimensional(3D)void geometry and geometrical properties of the void spaces relevant to flow were compared to obtain the relation between the permeability differences and porosities of the two sandstones.The 3D geometrical analysis using microfocus X-ray computed tomography(CT)was performed,and the pore geometries of both sandstones were compared using the 3D medial axis(3DMA)method.Pore and throat radii,pore coordination number,tortuosity,number of connecting paths,connecting path volume,and other factors were determined using 3DMA.The Otway sandstone was characterized by a small effective throat/pore radius ratio.Based on the fluid flow mechanism,the lower effective throat/pore radius ratio results in a lower permeability induced by the fluid energy loss,which means that the 3D geometrical shape of void spaces affects the permeability value.     

Dynamic mechanical analysis and broadband electromagnetic interference shielding characteristics of poly (vinyl alcohol)-poly (4-styrenesulfonic acid)-titanium dioxide nanoparticles based tertiary nanocomposites

ABSTRACT

Novel tertiary nanocomposite films comprising of poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA), poly (4-styrenesulfonic acid) (PSSA) and titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles (NP_S) were prepared using simple solvent casting method. The structural, thermal, morphological, thermo-mechanical and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding properties of PVA/PSSA/TiO₂ nanocomposite films were investigated. The EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) of PVA/PSSA/TiO₂ nanocomposite films in the X and Ku band was found to be 12 dB and 13 dB respectively at 25 wt% TiO₂ NPs loading. These results demonstrate the possible applications of PVA/PSSA/TiO₂ nanocomposite films as low cost, lightweight and flexible material for EMI shielding.     

自粘改性沥青对三元乙丙防水片材热老化的不利影响

采用热重分析和动态热机械分析方法研究了改性自粘沥青对三元乙丙防水片材热老化的影响。实验表明, 复合有改性自粘沥青层的三元乙丙片材热老化后,有机物含量明显增加,玻璃化转变温度明显提高而高弹态下的贮能模量明显下降。这表明老化后增塑剂和沥青质大量迁移到三元乙丙片材中,对材料的老化性能有不利的影响。     

Sub-micrometer particulate air pollution and cardiovascular mortality in Beijing, China

Background

While the link between particulate matter and cardiovascular mortality is well established, it is not fully investigated and understood which properties of the aerosol might be responsible for the health effects, especially in polluted mega-city areas.

Objectives

Our goal was to explore the association between daily cardiovascular mortality and different particle metrics in the sub-micrometer range in Beijing, China.

Methods

We obtained daily counts of cause-specific cardiovascular deaths in the Beijing urban area for the period March 2004 to August 2005. Concurrently, continuous measurements of particle number size distributions were performed. Particle number concentrations (NC) between 0.003 μm and 0.8 μm were converted to particle mass and surface area concentrations assuming spherical particles. Semi-parametric Poisson regression models adjusting for trend, seasonality, day of the week, and meteorology were used to estimate immediate, delayed and cumulative particle effects. Additionally, effect modification by air mass origin was investigated.

Results

We observed associations between daily cardiovascular mortality and particle NC for a 2-days delay. Moreover, nearly all particle metrics showed 2-days delayed associations with ischemic heart disease mortality. The strongest association was found for particle NC in the size range 0.03-0.1 μm (7.1% increase in daily mortality with a 95%-confidence interval of 2.9%-11.5%, per an increase of 6250 particles/cm³). Results for surface and mass concentrations with a lag of two days indicated effect modification by air mass origin, whereas effects of particle NC were not modified.

Conclusions

Results show an elevated risk of cardiovascular mortality in Beijing from short-term exposure to particulate air pollution in the sub-micrometer range. Results also indicate that locally produced smaller particles and regionally transported particles may exhibit different effects in Beijing.     

DNTF/RDX-CMDB推进剂动态力学性能

采用动态力学分析仪(DMA)研究了3,4-二硝基呋咱基氧化呋咱(DNTF)与黑索今(RDX)不同配比对DNTF/RDX-CMDB(DFR)系列推进剂动态力学性能的影响,获得了DFR系列推进剂的动态力学特征量.结果表明:DNTF与RDX不同配比对DFR系列推进剂高低温动态力学性能具有较大影响;DFR系列推进剂的动态力学过...     

基于开放式架构的DDS研究与实现

华睿2号嵌入式实时平台具备实时性、灵活性等优点。基于华睿2号开放式架构综合比较,选择合理的通信中间件技术,即使用DDS来构建数据分发系统。在华睿2号平台上适配DDS所需要的传输插件、硬件结构等,以完成DDS在华睿2号平台上的部署。在完成DDS基本的QOS配置同时,根据传输方式来配置额外的QOS策略。最后,在平台实现DDS的测试与分析。对比DDS UDP传输,DDS RapidIO传输、DDS RapidIO DMA传输、逐步升级与优化,达到高实时性、高稳定性、大数据量的要求。     

316L对接焊缝相控阵超声检测工艺模拟与试验验证

为解决中国聚变工程实验堆316L不锈钢焊缝超声波检测时,探头扫查空间受限、检测信噪比低的难题,提出了基于双晶面阵探头的相控阵超声检测方案.通过CIVA仿真,分析了不同聚焦参数下DMA探头的声场特征,确定对接接头的检测工艺.参考NB/T47013.3-2015《承压设备无损检测第3部分:超声检测》附录I,设计并制作了对比试块,验证了检测工艺下的声束覆盖和φ2 mm侧横孔信噪比.结果表明,DMA探头可以在有限的扫查空间内实现焊缝声束全覆盖,对比试块中不同位置的φ2 mm侧横孔信噪比大于15 dB.试验结果可为316L类不锈钢对接焊缝相控阵超声检测工艺制定提供参考.     

Dynamic mechanical behavior and nanostructure morphology of hyperbranched‐modified polypropylene blends

Polypropylene (PP) was modified utilizing two types of polyesteramide‐based hyperbranched polymers (amphiphilic PS and hydrophilic PH). A maleicanhydride‐modified PP (PM) was used as a reactive dispersing agent to enhance the modification by grafting the hyperbranched polymers onto the PP chains. Pure PP, two different non‐reactively modified samples, i.e. excluding PM, and two different reactively modified samples, i.e. including PM, were studied. Investigating the morphology of the samples was performed by scanning electron microscopy. To follow the effect of the modification on the dynamic mechanical properties, dynamic mechanical analysis experiments both in the melt (rheometric mechanical spectrometry) and in solid state (dynamic mechanical thermal analysis) were carried out. In the next step, the nanocrystalline structure of the samples was studied by small angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS) in two different modes, i.e. static and recrystallization. Hundreds of SAXS patterns were analyzed automatically using procedures written in PV‐WAVE image‐processing software. The chord distribution function (CDF) was calculated and the long period (l_p) of the crystal lamellae was extracted from the CDFs. The rheometric mechanical spectrometry results show that both hyperbranched polymers decrease complex viscosity η^* and enhance liquid‐like behavior. This happens more significantly when PM is included. The dynamic mechanical thermal analysis results reveal that T_g decreases when PS and PH are added. In the reactively modified samples this reduction is compensated most probably because of the crosslinked structure formed through the grafting reaction between the hyperbranched polymers and PM. Such structure is confirmed by SAXS data and calculated CDFs in the recrystallization mode. Static SAXS data also show enhancement in the crosshatched morphology of the crystalline lamellae of PP for reactively modified samples compared with non‐reactively modified samples. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry     

管网压力控制模型与DMA分区减漏探讨

介绍了管网压力控制模型的功能及建立过程,并将其应用于桂城水厂。运行结果表明,采用管网压力控制模型后,桂城水厂平均出厂压力为0.483 4 MPa,千吨水电耗及漏损率分别降低6.28%和3.14%;用管网压力控制模型修正的压力代替宏观模型优化后的压力,有利于在供水调度过程中实现节能节水;管网压力控制模型与DMA分区阀门减漏联合作用,可以有效降低管网的漏损率;基于管网压力控制模型建立压力流量预测控制系统,使泵群按照管网压力曲线运行,可以降低电耗并减少漏损。     

基于DSP的相关干涉仪测向快速实现方法

相关干涉仪测向技术在工程中应用很广泛,但是庞大的计算量严重影响了测向响应时间。利用数字信号处理器(DSP)的并行流水编程技术和同步接口的直接存储器访问技术(DMA)可以较好的解决处理速度问题。介绍了基于汇编语言的并行流水编程和同步接口DMA两种关键技术,从相关度计算的并行流水编程和DMA方式导入样本相位差两方面论述了快速实现方法的步骤,对该方案的处理速度进行了分析。