The control of paracetamol particle size and surface morphology through crystallisation in a spray dryer

The parameters governing the crystallisation of paracetamol using various conventional techniques has been extensively studied, however the factors influencing the drug crystallisation using spray drying is not as well understood. The aim of this work was to investigate the crystallisation of an active pharmaceutical ingredient through evaporative crystallisation using a spray dryer to study the physicochemical properties of the drug and to use semi-empirical equations to gain insight into the morphology and particle size of the dried powder. Paracetamol solutions were spray dried at various inlet temperatures ranging from 60 °C to 120 °C and also from a series of inlet feed solvent compositions ranging from 50/50% v/v ethanol/water to 100% ethanol and solid-state characterisation was done. The size and morphology of the dried materials were altered with a change in spray drying parameters, with an increase in inlet temperature leading to an increase in particle Sauter mean diameter (from 3.0 to 4.4 µm) and a decrease in the particle size with an increase in ethanol concentration in the feed (from 4.6 to 4.4 µm) as a result of changes in particle density and atomised droplet size. The morphology of the dried particles consisted of agglomerates of individual crystallites bound together into larger semi-spherical agglomerates with a higher tendency for particles having crystalline ridges to form at higher ethanol concentrations of the feed.     

水力旋流器内空气柱直径的研究

探讨了不同排料方式下的水力旋流器的溢流口直径和压力降对空气柱直径的影响，分析了水封式水力旋流器底流背压、溢流背压及系统压力对空气柱直径的影响规律。可作为水力旋流器内空气柱的操作控制及改善水力旋流器工作性能的依据。     

混凝土无机胶植筋拉拔试验研究

对108根钢筋进行了混凝土无机胶植筋拉拔试验。研究了无机胶作用下的植筋锚固性能。采用双因素方差分析法对植入钢筋的直径大小及锚固深度对植筋的极限拉拔力的影响程度进行显著性检验。根据试验数据拟合出三者间的关系式,为设计提供参考。     

硅烷偶联剂显著改善大粒径骨料混凝土性能的可能性

试验研究表明硅烷偶联剂能显著提高砂浆与花岗岩界面层的粘结强度。提出偶联剂可在水泥浆与骨料间形成化学键的初步见解 ,讨论偶联剂大幅度改善大粒径骨料混凝土性能的可能性     

弯头直角管道顺序输送混油特性的数值模拟

通过多相流模型对成品油管道进行数值模拟,以汽油和柴油作为顺序输送对象,分别就直角弯管向上、直角弯管向下两种工况时研究输送顺序、重力、管径、粘滞力对混油的影响,研究结果表面:当直角弯管向上时前行柴油的混油量小于前行汽油的混油量,当油品运行到竖直管道时,前行柴油比前行汽油油品运行的缓慢,前行柴油混油的倾斜角度大于前行汽油混油的倾斜角度;当直角弯管向下时前行汽油的混油量小于前行柴油的混油量,前行汽油混油的倾斜角度大于前行柴油混油的倾斜角度。通过对比可以看出:直角弯管向上前行柴油时混油运行的最为缓慢。无论是前行汽油还是前行柴油管径越大混油量越小,当管径相等时前行柴油比前行汽油的混油长。该数值模拟与管道实际结果相一致。     

Online droplet diameter measurements to improve the crude oil dehydration process

Emulsion droplet size is information of paramount importance in the design and evaluation of oil–water separators. This paper describes the application of a technique for in situ determination of water droplet diameter distribution (DDD) in actual production scenarios. We discuss the DDD and water content measurements in emulsions obtained during normal operation and plant upsets including variations of the demulsifier chemical dosage or tripping of the electrostatic coalescer grids inside a large dehydrator vessel operated on a crude oil production field in Saudi Arabia. It is demonstrated that DDD data can provide a detailed understanding of the oil–water separation phenomena occurring inside the dehydrator vessel, which helped in planning process recovery strategies in the event of a plant upset.     

Charge coupled device based on optical tomography system in detecting air bubbles in crystal clear water

Optical tomography is one of the tomography methods which are non-invasive and non-intrusive system, consisting of emitter with detectors. Most of the available detectors systems are intrusive where sensors or probes need to be placed within the analyzed processes and this will create disturbances in the current processes. This research are conducted in order to analyze and proved the capability of laser with Charge Coupled Device in an optical tomography system for detecting air bubbles exist in crystal clear water. Experiments in detecting moving air bubbles are conducted. The images of captured data are reconstructed based on filtered image of Linear Back Projection with Hybrid algorithms. As a conclusion, this research have successfully developed an optical tomography system that capable to capture the image and measure the diameter and velocity of rising air bubbles in a non-flowing crystal clear water.     

渐开线型罗茨真空泵转子型线的改进研究

通过对罗茨泵转子型线关键指标的分析,找出限制罗茨泵工作效率提高的原因,在此基础上,对传统渐开线型线进行改进.与传统型线关键指标的对比表明:改进后型线的径距比及面积利用系数有了明显的提高,转子型线平滑度得到改善.     

基于IP多媒体子系统Diameter协议设计

Diameter协议用于IP多媒体子系统(IMS),实现认证、授权和计费功能。Diameter协议包含基础协议、传送协议和不同的应用扩展。介绍了Diameter在IMS中的接口关系,对Diameter协议进行了分析,提出了Diameter基础协议和Cx接口应用协议的软件设计流程,并介绍了最终实现的成果—能力交换、位置管理和用户数据处理。     

三种粒径的纳米铜粒子在润滑油中的摩擦学性能

采用电爆炸法制备了三种粒径的纳米Cu粒子,并用原子力显微镜进行了表征,研究了三种粒径的纳米Cu粒子在润滑油中的摩擦学性能。结果表明:大粒径的纳米Cu粒子在润滑油中有很好的极压性能;小粒径的Cu粒子在润滑油中有很好的抗磨减摩性能。