Prediction of botanical composition in grassland herbage samples by near infrared reflectance spectroscopy

Near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS) was evaluated as a method to predict the botanical composition of seminatural grassland in ‘dehesa’ systems. Samples of herbaceous biomass were harvested over four consecutive years, determining in each—by manual separation—the proportion by weight of the following taxonomic groups: grasses, legumes and the rest of the families in a single block (‘others’). After reconstructing the natural samples they were analysed by NIRS. One set of samples (calibration set) was selected for the development of the equations, assaying different mathematical treatments (log l/R, first derivative and second derivative). The ranges of coefficients of multiple determination and standard errors of calibration, respectively, for the various components were: grasses, 0.86 to 0.92 and 6.66 to 9.14; legumes, 0.77 to 0.81 and 6.82 to 7.43; and ‘others’, 0.85 to 0.88 and 8.17 to 9.54. The remaining samples not included in the development of the NIRS equations (prediction set) were used for the purposes of validating the best equations. Standard errors of performance were: grasses, 6.12; legumes, 7.56 and ‘others’, 7.70.     

综合物探方法在内蒙古草原覆盖区寻找隐伏矿床的应用

内蒙古草原覆盖区是近年来隐伏矿床找矿工作的重点区域。为了寻找一种快速、有效的适合草原覆盖区的找矿方法,在阿鲁科尔沁旗某铁多金属矿区进行了大功率激电和EH4 相结合的地球物理方法实验性研究。结果表明,大功率激电法测量识别出3 条相对高阻带和 1 条低阻带,前者同时显示出中高极化率异常,可能属于矿化蚀变带引起的矿致异常;EH4 连续电导率测深结果表明,该矿床深部存在明显的地球物理异常,异常强度大且清晰,与已知的矿化蚀变带和激电测量结果对应良好,显示矿床深部具有良好的成矿前景。实践证明,结合针对性的地质研究,大功率激电和 EH4 技术在草原覆盖区寻找隐伏矿体的应用效果较好。     

不同灌溉量对退化草地的生态恢复作用

在希拉穆仁草原进行了为期3年的草地灌溉试验,对测试的试验地在灌溉3年期间及停灌后1年内进行了植被调查和土壤种子库发芽试验,结果表明：一是灌溉可以明显提高草地植被的生产性能且不同灌溉量间并无明显差异。当停止灌溉后,原灌溉样地的植被生产性能均略低于无灌溉对照区,且不同灌溉量间也无明显差异。二是不同灌溉量样地植被物种组成与无灌溉对照区的Bray-curtis相似性系数始终保持在0.8左右,表明灌溉期间群落结构并未发生很大变化。当停止灌溉后,原灌溉样地与无灌溉对照区的Bray-curtis相似性系数下降为充足灌溉区0.61和中度灌溉区0.55,表明灌溉对植物的生存策略有一定的影响且不同灌溉量基本相同。三是土壤中的种子总数量有所增加,但物种的数量有所减少。充足灌溉样地土壤种子库情况略差于无灌溉对照区,中度灌溉样地则略好于无灌溉对照区,表明不同灌溉量对植物的繁殖策略有一定的影响。     

赖特有机建筑与"天人合一"思想

世界著名建筑大师赖特的有机建筑始终坚持"与自然和谐共生"的设计理念,创造了无数经典之作,在世界范围内引起了很大反响,至今仍为人们所迷恋.赖特的有机建筑分成草原式住宅和美国风住宅两个阶段,这两种风格的住宅创作均体现出中国哲学的"天人合一"思想.因此,挖掘中国传统哲学的内在精神,以此来诠释赖特的有机建筑,可以更加深入地体会建筑的内在涵义,并从中吸取一些对当代建筑创作有益的精髓.     

内蒙古地区草原聚落公共设施空间可适性研究--可装配轻体系统的应用

公共设施的适宜性布局是城乡居民享受基本的公共服务权利的基础,随着人民生活水平的不断提高,与公众生活质量息息相关的基本公共服务设施也越来越受到各界关注,合理规划基本公共服务设施建设的相关研究成为焦点。同时,由于经济发展水平与生产生活方式的不同,公共服务均等化推进差异较大,尤其是作为欠发达地区的内蒙古草原聚落,其离散型地域特征加剧了公共服务设施供给的难度。研究选择典型区域（内蒙古正镶白旗）草原聚落,以点带面对空间形态及住民生活状况进行调研分析,探讨草原聚落公共设施布局体系结构与公共服务设施适宜性布局方法,对可装配轻体系统的应用做相应的研究和讨论,提出适应性较强的公共服务空间建构模式。     

内蒙古草原地区蒙古族牧民传统住居研究

通过草原地区实地调研,运用住居学的方法分析该地区传统住居形成的原因,研究生产与住居、地域环境与住居的关系,生活与居住空间的内部秩序,住居形式的变化等问题,探索传统住居观在现代牧民生活中的意义。     

The CENTURY model failed to simulate soil organic matter development in an acidic grassland

Extensive agricultural systems have been promoted all over Europe. Most studies of such systems have focused on plant species composition, while few studies have looked at soil effects. We report on an experiment at three upland sites where soil carbon, nitrogen and pH were measured twice a year for 12 years. There were four grazing treatments: no grazing, grazed to maintain a sward height of 8 cm, grazed to maintain 4 cm (all without fertiliser) and grazed to maintain 4 cm with the addition of fertiliser. There was no significant effect of treatment, but there were differences between sites over time. A simulation model, CENTURY, was adapted to the data. It also predicted little difference between treatments, but the fit to data was not very good. It was necessary to assume that the soils contained a store of undecomposed organic matter or peat that was now slowly decomposing as a result of liming. The need to modify the model to include a pH effect on decomposition in the model is highlighted.     

Dietary Linseed Oil Reduces Growth While Differentially Impacting LC-PUFA Synthesis and Accretion into Tissues in Eurasian Perch (Perca fluviatilis)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of replacing dietary fish oil (FO) with linseed oil (LO) on growth, fatty acid composition and regulation of lipid metabolism in Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis) juveniles. Fish (17.5 g initial body weight) were fed isoproteic and isoenergetic diets containing 116 g/kg of lipid for 10 weeks. Fish fed the LO diet displayed lower growth rates and lower levels of DHA in the liver and muscle than fish fed the FO diet, while mortality was not affected by dietary treatment. However, DHA content recorded in the liver and muscle of fish fed the LO diet remained relatively high, despite a weight gain of 134 % and a reduced dietary level of long‐chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC‐PUFA), suggesting endogenous LC‐PUFA biosynthesis. This was supported by the higher amounts of pathway intermediates, including 18:4n‐3, 20:3n‐3, 20:4n‐3, 18:3n‐6 and 20:3n‐6, recorded in the liver of fish fed the LO diet in comparison with those fed the FO diet. However, fads2 and elovl5 gene expression and FADS2 enzyme activity were comparable between the two groups. Similarly, the expression of genes involved in eicosanoid synthesis was not modulated by dietary LO. Thus, the present study demonstrated that in fish fed LO for 10 weeks, growth was reduced but DHA levels in tissues were largely maintained compared to fish fed FO, suggesting a physiologically relevant rate of endogenous LC‐PUFA biosynthesis capacity.     

基于涡度数据的东北草地光能利用率模型构建与验证

草地作为地球上分布最广的植被类型,在陆地碳循环中发挥着重要作用。草地生产力是估算产草量的基础,准确模拟生产力对草原资源合理利用及生态保护具有重要意义。以东北草地生产力为研究核心,利用涡度相关通量观测数据、遥感数据和气象数据,构建和检验东北草地光能利用率模型。东北草地光能利用率模型以归一化物候植被指数(NDPI)代表光合有效辐射吸收比例,以地表水分指数(LSWI)+0.5表示水分胁迫因子。基于44个草原站的通量数据对东北草地光能利用率模型进行验证,东北草地光能利用率模型的R²为0.855,高于MODIS GPP产品(R²=0.719),略高于VPM GPP产品(R²=0.848),东北草地光能利用率模型的MAE和RMSE分别为0.374 g Cm^-2和0.735 g Cm^-2,低于MODIS GPP产品(MAE=0.562 g Cm^-2,RMSE=1.026 g Cm^-2)和VPM GPP产品(MAE=0.667 g Cm^-2...