地表径流速度对城市内涝影响规律

为分析地表径流速度对城市内涝的影响,采用一维地下排水管网与二维城区地形的动态耦合模型,选取大连市某排水区块作为研究区域,设置4种地表径流速度10种设计降雨场景,模拟分析在不同重现期设计降雨及不同地表径流速度下研究区的内涝积水特性。结果表明:随着地表径流速度降低,管道排水压力变小,管道排水达标率最高可提升48.05%,且降雨重现期越短,地表径流流速对管道排水压力的削减效果越明显;地表径流流速对检查井溢流量影响显著,随着地表径流速度降低,检查井溢流量峰值最高可减小2 750 m~3,峰现时间最长可滞后56 min,同时随着降雨重现期增长,地表径流流速对检查井溢流量的削减效果减弱;研究区低、高风险区淹没面积随地表径流速度降低,最高可分别减小1.64万、8.37万m~2,但中风险区淹没面积变化反复。     

Flash joining of alumina ceramics under a small current density

The ceramic joining using electric field (E-field) has garnered significant research attention due to the decreased joining barrier and enhanced reliability. However, the underlying mechanism of E-field assisted joining remains unclear. Herein, we report the rapid joining of alumina ceramics using a small current. Moreover, the E-field is applied in both perpendicular and parallel directions to the faying surfaces, demonstrating a significant difference in terms of joint strength. These results indicate that the E-field generates defects and promotes the joining process by facilitating ionic diffusion.     

Droplet Entrainment Analysis in a Flash Evaporator with an Image-Based Measurement Technique

Local droplet sizes and volumes of entrained liquid are captured with an image-based measurement technique for comparison with a conventional, integral method for entrainment analysis. Experiments in a forced circulation flash evaporation were performed for different operating conditions and with two different chemical systems. Droplet size and frequency rise with an increase in thermal energy input. The local readings confirm the trends found by the integral measurement method. The modification of the image-based probe enables the detection of small (≈ 10 µm) and at the same time fast droplets under challenging operating conditions, such as vacuum and superheated feed similar to industrial process conditions.     

A thermal perspective of flash sintering: The effect of AC current ramp rate on microstructure evolution

In flash sintering experiments, the thermal history of the sample is key to understanding the mechanisms underlying densification rate and final properties. By combining robust temperature measurements with current-ramp-rate control, this study examined the effects of the thermal profile on the flash sintering of yttria-stabilized zirconia, with experiments ranging from a few seconds to several hours. The final density was maximized at slower heating rates, although processes slower than a certain threshold led to grain growth. The amount of grain growth observed was comparable to a similar conventional thermal process. The bulk electrical conductivity correlated with the maximum temperature and cooling rate. The only property that exhibited behavior that could not be attributed to solely the thermal profile was the grain boundary conductivity, which was consistently higher than conventional in flash sintered samples. These results suggest that, during flash sintering, athermal electric field effects are relegated to the grain boundary.     

Laboratory Studies to Determine Suitable Chemicals to Improve Oil Recovery from Garzan Oil Field

Garzan oil field is located at the south east of Turkey. It is a mature oil field and the reservoir is fractured carbonate reservoir. After producing about 1% original oil in place (OOIP) reservoir pressure started to decline. Waterflooding was started in order to support reservoir pressure and also to enhance oil production in 1960. Waterflooding improved the oil recovery but after years of flooding water breakthrough at the production wells was observed. This increased the water/oil ratio at the production wells. In order to enhance oil recovery again different techniques were investigated. Chemical enhanced oil recovery (EOR) methods are gaining attention all over the world for oil recovery. Surfactant injection is an effective way for interfacial tension (IFT) reduction and wettability reversal. In this study, 31 different types of chemicals were studied to specify the effects on oil production. This paper presents solubility of surfactants in brine, IFT and contact angle measurements, imbibition tests, and lastly core flooding experiments. Most of the chemicals were incompatible with Garzan formation water, which has high divalent ion concentration. In this case, the usage of 2-propanol as co-surfactant yielded successful results for stability of the selected chemical solutions. The results of the wettability test indicated that both tested cationic and anionic surfactants altered the wettability of the carbonate rock from oil-wet to intermediate-wet. The maximum oil recovery by imbibition test was reached when core was exposed 1-ethly ionic liquid after imbibition in formation water. Also, after core flooding test, it is concluded that considerable amount of oil can be recovered from Garzan reservoir by waterflooding alone if adverse effects of natural fractures could be eliminated.     

Exploring the influences of the counterpart materials on friction and wear behaviors of atmospheric plasma-sprayed YSZ coating

Sliding wear behaviors of atmospheric plasma-sprayed Yttria Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) coating mated with four metallic or ceramic counterparts (Si₃N₄, Al₂O₃, GCr15 and ZrO₂) were investigated. It has been found that YSZ coatings in contact with Si₃N₄ and GCr15 show better tribological performances than the other cases, which is due to the formation of the tribolayer mainly consisting of Si₃N₄ and Fe₂O₃ respectively on the worn surfaces. In the case of YSZ coating-Al₂O₃ and YSZ coating-ZrO₂ tribopairs, the wear debris are more irregular and larger in size, resulting in severe abrasive wear and brittle fracture of debris particles. In particular, the specific wear rate of YSZ coating sliding against GCr15 is negative due to the significant material transfer of the tribo-oxide layer, while that of YSZ coating sliding against ZrO₂ is the highest. Amorphization of the wear particles appears in the four cases due to the repeated mechanical action. It has been demonstrated that the wear of YSZ coating deteriorates with the increased flash temperature between the contact surfaces during rubbing process.     

贵州职业技术学院数据中心双活技术架构的研究

The importance of data processing and storage to colleges and universities is increasing day by day. However, many colleg- es and universities are still at a low level in the process of data recovery and application reduction, and its RPO and RTO indicators need to be improved by adopting the dual active technology architecture. Taking the Guizhou Vocational Technology Institute as an example, this paper focuses on the analysis of the architecture of the double active data center, aiming at the actual situation of the college, and gradually realizes multiple disaster recovery level of data level, application level and business level.     

基于云平台的矿井水害智慧应急救援系统与应用

随着云计算、物联网、大数据、人工智能等技术的发展,智慧应急救援已成为矿山安全生产监察的迫切需求。提出了基于云平台的矿井水害智慧应急救援服务体系,采用混合云架构,提供按需和弹性计算能力及存储资源。通过集成与挖掘所有可能的历史和实时数据,建立云环境下多源异构、大规模、跨领域、动态信息资源"一张图",推动信息资源共享,建设应急救援智库。在此基础上,研发了应急救援系统,实现数值模拟、预测预警、应急疏散、应急评估、人员设备管理等功能,支持矿山应急演练和应急决策,依托现代信息技术为矿井水害应急救援提供智能化的服务和管理,实现矿井水害事故预防、检测、预警、处置、评估等全过程动态管理和控制。     

一维—二维耦合的水库下游地区洪水演进数学模型及应用

针对水库下游地区河道洪水与漫堤洪水模拟需求,建立了一维—二维耦合的洪水演进数学模型。一维模型采用Pressimann格式离散求解,二维模型采用能够适应复杂几何形状和多种流态的Osher格式求解,一维—二维连接处采用堰流公式实现水流交互。应用该模型模拟白溪流域2015年"苏迪罗"台风实际洪水,可得到洪水在计算区域的演进过程和淹没情况。对比模拟结果与实际情况可知,该模型计算合理、准确,计算结果可为防汛部门防洪预案制定、防汛调度决策提供技术支撑。     

山西省地质灾害特点和时空分布研究

山西地处黄土高原东部，地形高差大，地质条件复杂，水土流失严重，极易形成崩塌、滑坡、泥石流等地质灾害。在综合前人研究的基础上，对山西省地质灾害的特点时空分布进行研究，发现山西省地质灾害具有以下特点:崩塌、地面塌陷、滑坡是山西的三大地质灾害；次生地质灾害是山西省地质灾害的主要形式，人类活动是山西地质灾害频发的一个重要诱因；3月—4月、6月—9月和10月是全省地质灾害的高发期；吕梁、临汾、忻州、长治、太原等市是全省地质灾害高发地区；东部褶皱山区和晋西黄土地貌区是全省地质灾害最易发的地区；黄土地地貌区是崩塌和泥石流的重点易发区；地面沉降和地裂缝主要发生在城市。该研究对山西省地质灾害的防治具有一定的指导意义。