地热资源产业创新驱动模式及其具体路径

本文主要探讨地热资源产业发展模式中创新驱动模式的必要性及具体路径。落实地热资源产业创新驱动模式的具体路径包括建设地热资源产业技术创新战略联盟,通过垂直整合优化产业价值网络,引入资本要素发展产业金融,加强产业人才梯次培养等等。此外,有必要从协调推进、交流合作等方面入手采取一定的保障措施。     

Geothermal energy utilization trends from a technological paradigm perspective

The use of geothermal energy and its associated technologies has been increasing worldwide. However, there has been little paradigmatic research conducted in this area. This paper proposes a systematic methodology to research the development trends for the sustainable development of geothermal energy. A novel data analysis system was created to research the geothermal energy utilization trends, and a technological paradigm theory was adopted to explain the technological changes. A diffusion velocity model was used to simulate and forecast the geothermal power generation development in the diffusion phase. Simulation results showed that the development of installed capacity for geothermal generation had a strong inertia force along with the S-curve. Power generation from geothermal power sources reached a peak in 2008 and is estimated to be saturated by 2030. Geothermal energy technologies in hybrid power systems based on other renewable energy sources look to be more promising in the future.     

Federal policy documentation and geothermal water consumption: Policy gaps and needs

With U.S. geothermal power production expected to more than triple by 2040, and the majority of this growth expected to occur in arid and water-constrained areas, it is imperative that decision-makers understand the potential long-term limitations to and tradeoffs of geothermal development due to water availability. To this end, water consumption data, including documentation triggered by the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) of 1969, production and injection data, and water permit data, were collected from state and federal environmental policy sources in an effort to determine water consumption across the lifecycle of geothermal power plants. Values extracted from these sources were analyzed to estimate water usage during well drilling; to identify sourcing of water for well drilling, well stimulation, and plant operations; and to estimate operational water usage at the plant level. Nevada data were also compared on a facility-by-facility basis with other publicly available water consumption data, to create a complete picture of water usage and consumption at these facilities. This analysis represents a unique method of capturing project-level water data for geothermal projects; however, a lack of statutory and legal requirements for such data and data quality result in significant data gaps, which are also explored.     

Spatiotemporal variability of ground thermal properties in glacial sediments and implications for horizontal ground heat exchanger design

Thorough characterization of the spatiotemporal variability in soil thermal properties can facilitate better designs for horizontal geothermal heat pump (HGHP) systems by reducing ground heat exchanger (GHEX) costs. Results are presented from a new monitoring network installed across a range of glaciated terrains in Indiana (USA), including the first known observations of the dynamic range of thermal conductivity that occurs at the depth of horizontal GHEX installations. In situ thermal conductivity data can vary significantly on a seasonal basis in coarse-grained outwash sediments (0.8–1.4 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹), whereas clay- and silt-dominated moraine sediments have a dampened seasonal range within 10% of the annual mean. Thermal conductivity across the network ranges from 0.8 to 2.0 W m⁻¹ K⁻¹ depending on soil parent material, climatic setting, and particularly, soil-moisture variability. Results indicate that the standard industry practice to estimate thermal properties from soil type often leads to suboptimal GHEX design (i.e., GHEX design lengths were 44–52% longer than necessary to meet performance specifications). This research suggests that expanding the characterization of soil thermal properties in specific settings where HGHPs are targeted will improve understanding of the dynamic aspects of ground heat exchange and lead to more optimal HGHP system designs.     

中深层地热井施工关键质量控制点分析#br#

近些年地热资源备受社会各界的广泛关注，特别是在中深层水热型资源的开发利用方面，与常规地热井施工相比，中深层地热井具有深度大、施工过程复杂、成井质量要求高、施工技术难度大等特点，因此对中深层地热井施工过程进行系统研究十分必要。通过查阅大量资料，在收集和分析前人成果的基础上，结合多年的工作经验，对地热井施工流程、分部分项工程划分、关键成井技术指标要求等进行了详细分析，讨论了中深层地热井施工过程中的关键质量控制点，为中深层地热井施工提供了可靠依据。     

An innovative approach for geothermal-wind hybrid comprehensive energy system and hydrogen production modeling/process analysis

In this paper, the energy, exergy, economic, environmental, steady-state, and process performance modeling/analysis of hybrid renewable energy (RE) based multigeneration system is presented. Beyond the design/performance analysis of an innovative hybrid RE system, this study is novel as it proposes a new methodology for determining the overall process energy and exergy efficiency of multigeneration systems. This novel method integrates EnergPLAN simulation program with EES and Matlab. It considers both the steady-state and the process performance of the modeled system on hourly timesteps in order to determine the overall efficiencies. Based on the proposed new method, it is observed that the overall process thermodynamic efficiencies of a hybrid renewable energy-based multigeneration system are different from its steady-state efficiencies. The overall energy and exergy efficiencies reduce from 81.01% and 52.52% (in steady-state condition) to 58.6% and 39.33% (when considering a one-year process performance). The integration of the hot water production with the multigeneration system enhanced the overall thermodynamic efficiencies in steady-state conditions. The Kalina system produces a total work output of 1171 kW with a thermal and exergy efficiency of 12.23% and 52% respectively while the wind turbine system produces 1297 kW of electricity in steady-state condition and it has the same thermal/exergy efficiency (72%). The economic analysis showed that the Levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) of the geothermal energy-based Kalina system is 0.0103 $/kWh. The greenhouse gas emission reduction analysis showed that the proposed system will save between 1,411,480 kg/yr and 3,518,760 kg/yr of greenhouse gases from being emitted into the atmosphere yearly. The multigeneration system designed in this study will produce electricity, hydrogen, hot water, cooling effect, and freshwater. Also, battery electric vehicle charging is integrated with process performance analysis of the multigeneration system.     

太阳能辅助加热的土壤源热泵应用研究

冬季土壤温度较低，而且以热负荷为主的北方地区，若完全采用土壤源热泵供暖，则地埋换热器和机组的初投资均比较高，连续运行的效率也较低，因此，可利用太阳能集热器作为辅助能源。以宝佳制衣厂太阳能辅助土壤源热泵系统供冷、供热、全年提供生活热水为例，从初投资、运行费用、环境效益三方面与传统空调系统进行比较，该系统比完全土壤源热泵系统更经济。     

历史保护建筑的生态节能更新——同济大学文远楼改造工程

具有包豪斯建筑风格的同济大学文远楼是我国现代保护建筑的典范之一,2005年同济大学与德国节能技术专家合作,运用当代最新的建筑节能技术,建立一套综合节能技术系统,为我国保护建筑的节能更新改造提供了范例,本文重点介绍一些改造技术的实践情况。     

Thermal modeling for greenhouse heating by using thermal curtain and an earth–air heat exchanger

In this paper, a thermal model for heating of greenhouse by using different combinations of inner thermal curtain, an earth–air heat exchanger, and geothermal heating has been developed. The analysis incorporates the study of thermal performance of three-zone greenhouse. The calculations have been made for a typical production greenhouse in southern part of Argentina; available climatic data has been used. The thermal performance of a greenhouse having thermal curtain and an earth–air heat exchanger has been compared with a greenhouse having thermal curtain and geothermal energy. It is seen that the fluctuations in temperature in the vicinity of plants are comparable in the two cases. From the results, it is seen that an earth–air heat exchanger might prove an alternative source for heating of greenhouse when geothermal energy is not available. It has also been observed that, the increase in temperature of zone I is more for the greenhouse with geothermal than the greenhouse with an earth–air heat exchanger.     

地源热泵在绿色饭店中的应用研究

本文介绍了绿色饭店的定义与发展趋势以及地源热泵空调系统的基本原理，以韶山德胜宾馆地源热泵系统供冷、供热、全年提供生活热水为例，与传统空调系统在初投资、运行费用、生态效益三方面进行了比较，阐明了地源热泵在绿色饭店应用的节能性与环保性。