伶仃洋三维潮流输沙的数值模拟

作者使用垂向坐标变换技术，结合有限差分方法建立了三维潮流输沙的数学模型。为了增加模型的稳定性和减少数值耗散，对悬沙对流扩散方程中的水平对流项采用三阶迎风格式离散。应用本模型对伶仃洋的枯季和洪季的潮流输沙的悬沙场进行了数值模拟，将模拟结果与实测资料进行比较，二者吻合较好。模拟结果分析表明：伶仃洋悬沙运动主要集中在西滩，对伶仃航道影响不大；洪季水体含沙浓度高于枯季；水体含沙浓度沿水深存在浓度梯度，且洪季的浓度梯度明显大于枯季。     

Water quality surveys: A statistical method based on determinism, quantiles and the binomial distribution

A statistical method for surveying water quality and analysing the results in terms of quantiles is described. The value of a water quality variable in a grab-sample is taken as a deterministic function of the temporal and spatial coordinates of the sampling point. Quantiles can then be defined for any specified region in time and space as unique, fixed values, and randomly located grab-samples may be used to estimate them for the purposes of describing or regulating water quality. Robust statistical inferences are possible using the binomial distribution. Properties of the quantiles, confidence limits, comparisons with fixed values or between regions, assessment of trends, simultaneous inferences and estimation of sample sizes are discussed. Two examples of water quality surveys, one of Port Phillip Bay, the other of the Maribyrnong River, Victoria, are used to illustrate the theory, paying particular attention to practical problems which arose. The proposed method is compared with others based on stochastic models, and is claimed to be simpler and more reliable.     

渤海湾盆地复式油气聚集带高勘探程度区进一步挖潜的领域

渤海湾盆地复式油气聚集区经过了40年的勘探,目前已进入了高勘探程度区.油气聚集的复杂规律表明,渤海湾盆地仍具有巨大的资源潜力,进一步挖潜的领域非常广阔.以第三系为烃源岩的含油气层系的勘探精度仍有待于进一步提高,同时必须将以古生界、中生界和中上元古界为烃源岩的含油气层系作为今后挖潜的重要领域.渤海湾盆地任何层系都可能形成和聚集油气,因此仍有多种复杂的油气藏类型尚待进一步认识和发现.     

Temporal dynamics and drivers of lake ecosystem metabolism using high resolution observations in a shallow,tropical, eutrophic lake (Laguna Lake,Philippines)

The physical, chemical, and biological dynamics under changing atmospheric conditions of Laguna Lake, Philippines were analyzed from intensive observations. Diel measurements were conducted for 48 continuous hours for both dry and wet tropical seasons in addition to fine resolution long-term monitoring. Results revealed significant vertical and diel variations of lake variables in spite of a shallow water depth (2.5 m) caused by the intense surface heating from solar irradiance (~800 W m^?2) and accentuated by the lake's high turbidity (16–32 ftu). Late afternoon land-lake breeze (~5–7 m s^?1) regularly breaks daytime thermal stratification, and convective cooling at night maintains isothermal condition until dawn of the next day. The stratified condition demonstrated a wind-driven, density-induced 2-layer current pattern with a windward moving epilimnion (~4 folds faster) and a compensating hypolimnetic flow in the general lake circulation direction. Laguna Lake was observed to have a dominating diel cycle but also undergoes significant seasonal limnological variations brought primarily by climate, hydrology, and its interaction with the adjacent sea. Significantly correlated variations of pH, chlorophyll-a and DO in the dry season were indicative of the higher biological activity associated with the intrusion of polluted waters from Metro Manila. The non-occurrence of thermal over-turn was observed to be regularly followed by bottom hypoxic conditions (2–4 mg L^?1), indicative of the eutrophic condition of the lake and the importance of diel wind-induced mixing in the bottom supply of DO. Laguna Lake was found to be predominantly net heterotrophic (GPP:R < 1, NEP < 0).     

杭州湾跨海大桥钢管桩的涂层防护

杭州湾跨海大桥采用钢管桩沉桩基础。钢管桩的腐蚀问题采用涂层加阴极保护的防护体系,其中涂层部分采用单层/双层/三层重防腐环氧粉末喷涂防护方案解决。介绍了三种涂层结构及其用途。     

Spatial ecology of Bay of Quinte walleye (Sander vitreus): Annual timing,extent, and patterns of migrations in eastern Lake Ontario

Walleye (Sander vitreus) are the top nearshore predator in the Bay of Quinte and eastern Lake Ontario, where they have strong ecological and socio-economic impacts. The population is known to migrate seasonally; however, the precise timing and extent are not well defined. This study used acoustic telemetry to provide a fisheries-independent measure of timing, extent, and seasonal distribution of migration in Lake Ontario and to examine the influence of sex, spawning river, size, and year. Annual detection histories were used to determine the timing of migrations into and out of the spawning rivers, departure from the Bay of Quinte post-spawn, and the pre-spawn return to the Bay of Quinte. Sequence analysis was subsequently used to examine how fish occupy defined regions of eastern Lake Ontario annually and identify patterns in migration strategy. Spawning site fidelity was high for both rivers (91–97%) and annual residency within the Bay of Quinte was low (9.5%). Females spent less time in spawning rivers, migrated to the main lake earlier, and generally travelled further than males. Larger fish also migrated to the main lake first and travelled further, and differences in timing between spawning rivers were minor. Annual differences in timing were observed and were most likely related to environmental differences between years. Cluster analysis was used to identify groups of fish which utilized unique annual migration strategies and demonstrated sex and size had an important influence on the variability in annual spatial occupancy, but the importance of spawning river and year was minimal.     

模糊C-均值聚类分析研究大亚湾水质空间分布规律

模糊C-均值聚类方法研究人类活动影响下大亚湾海域水体生态环境空间分布规律．揭示大亚湾水体生态环境空间分布分成两类区域：其一为受人类活动影响为主的大鹏澳、澳头以及大亚湾东北部区域;其二为受湾外南海海水交换影响较大的大亚湾南部、中部和东部海域。模糊C-均值聚类分析作为一种数据信息提取方法,为海洋环境生态研究提供新的方法。     

粤港澳大湾区水安全协同调控理论框架研究

针对粤港澳大湾区水问题多维交织特性,基于流域系统整体观梳理总结了技术上可控、逻辑上关联的5个水安全调控子系统结构,包括：河势调控子系统、内河水环境水生态调控子系统、外江咸潮调控子系统、城市暴雨洪涝调控子系统、外江洪潮调控子系统。探讨了各子系统关键机理、系统间的协同作用原理、协同调控的关键技术需求及协同调控模型算法架构,构建了大湾区水安全协同调控理论框架,以珠江河口为例开展了粤港澳大湾区水安全协同调控理论的应用,为大湾区水问题系统治理提出了新的解决方案。     

基于遥感和GIS的海州湾海岸线提取方法研究

海岸线的时空演变分析对于岸线空间资源的开发利用有重要意义。从遥感影像上提取的瞬时水边线随卫星过境时的潮位变化而不同,一般不具有可比性,只有潮位相同时的水边线才适合用来比较和分析海岸线的时空变化。以海州湾为例,提出一种通过遥感影像水边线来间接推算具有特定潮高海岸线的方法。该方法先通过遥感图像处理技术来提取卫星过境时的瞬时水边线,再通过时间间隔较近的2期水边线及其潮高数据,运用 GIS的空间数据分析方法来推算国家高程基准面与陆地的交线。该线潮高固定,具有可比性,可用作海州湾海岸线时空变化分析的基础数据。     

深圳河湾水质数值模拟研究

基于EFDC模型和WASP模型建立了深圳河湾水动力和水质模型,采用2011年实测数据对模型进行率定和验证,结果表明,计算值与实测值吻合较好,丰枯季高低潮位平均误差小于0.20 m,DO、BOD5平均误差小于20%,TN、TP和Chl a(叶绿素a)平均误差小于30%。在此基础上进行案例研究,研究结果表明,氮、磷营养盐负荷削减80%对藻类生长的影响不明显;削减95%负荷时,Chl a浓度下降40%。