地表径流速度对城市内涝影响规律

为分析地表径流速度对城市内涝的影响,采用一维地下排水管网与二维城区地形的动态耦合模型,选取大连市某排水区块作为研究区域,设置4种地表径流速度10种设计降雨场景,模拟分析在不同重现期设计降雨及不同地表径流速度下研究区的内涝积水特性。结果表明:随着地表径流速度降低,管道排水压力变小,管道排水达标率最高可提升48.05%,且降雨重现期越短,地表径流流速对管道排水压力的削减效果越明显;地表径流流速对检查井溢流量影响显著,随着地表径流速度降低,检查井溢流量峰值最高可减小2 750 m~3,峰现时间最长可滞后56 min,同时随着降雨重现期增长,地表径流流速对检查井溢流量的削减效果减弱;研究区低、高风险区淹没面积随地表径流速度降低,最高可分别减小1.64万、8.37万m~2,但中风险区淹没面积变化反复。     

基于一、二维耦合模型的某湿地公园水网规划与水力优化应用

湿地水网规划和设计需要考虑防洪排涝、生物栖息地构建及水资源调度等多个因素的协调,单一维度的数值模型难以解决河网、湖区及工程调度等多种模拟对象的尺度协调问题。针对某感潮河网区域生态湿地公园的规划设计,利用MIKE Flood软件,构建一、二维耦合水动力模型,就河网规模、堰顶高程控制、生物栖息地构建等目标开展计算分析,通过方案比选确定相关工程规模,并通过区域微地形调整对鱼类和禽类栖息地水动力条件进行优化,使其满足生境构建要求。该结果不仅为相关设计单位提供了工作思路,所采用的建模方法和参数选取也可为类似项目参考。     

Evaluation of performance of Active,Beautiful and Clean (ABC) on stormwater runoff management using MIKE URBAN: a case study in a residential estate in Singapore

ABSTRACT

Singapore has adopted a low impact development equivalent of stormwater management philosophy under a national program called ‘Active, Beautiful and Clean’ (ABC) employing soft-engineering techniques to manage rainfall runoff in the face of climate change and rapid urbanisation. This study makes use of the MIKE URBAN modelling tool to evaluate the performance of ABC units in a new residential precinct based on flow data collected. Calibration results show an overall good fit between the measured data and simulated results based on three goodness-of-fit stats. The runoff factors computed for scenarios with and without the presence of ABC units show an improvement in the range of 21–72%. This study demonstrates the usefulness of using a calibrated model to evaluate the performance of constructed units using measurements. It is recommended that this modelling tool be also used for evaluating water quality performance of the units as well as applying it for use in the planning and implementation process.     

Decision support systems in water resources in the demarcated region of Douro – case study in Pinhão river basin,Portugal

This paper puts forward the importance of decision support systems (DSS) for the planning and management of water resources. A case study of the Pinhão river basin, in Portugal, is presented. Given the importance of vineyards in the Douro region, it is important to determine if water availability will be enough to meet present and future water demands. In order to answer this question, DSS tools were used to assess different scenarios. The MIKE BASIN software was used in the hydrographical basin of Pinhão river, assisted by a geographic information system, GIS, which allowed the modelling of the basin, both temporally and spatially, facilitating the visualisation and interpretation of results. According to the attained results, it was verified that, at present, the hydrographical basin meets the considered water needs. The DSS proved to be an important tool to assist the decision‐making process in the studied river basin.     

Coupled Hydrological/Hydraulic Modelling of River Restoration Impacts and Floodplain Hydrodynamics

Channelization and embankment of rivers has led to major ecological degradation of aquatic habitats worldwide. River restoration can be used to restore favourable hydrological conditions for target species or processes. However, the effects of river restoration on hydraulic and hydrological processes are complex and are often difficult to determine because of the long‐term monitoring required before and after restoration works. Our study is based on rarely available, detailed pre‐restoration and post‐restoration hydrological data collected from a wet grassland meadow in Norfolk, UK, and provides important insights into the hydrological effects of river restoration. Groundwater hydrology and climate were monitored from 2007 to 2010. Based on our data, we developed coupled hydrological/hydraulic models of pre‐embankment and post‐embankment conditions using the MIKE‐SHE/MIKE 11 system. Simulated groundwater levels compared well with observed groundwater. Removal of the river embankments resulted in widespread floodplain inundation at high river flows (>1.7 m³ s^?1) and frequent localized flooding at the river edge during smaller events (>0.6 m³ s^?1). Subsequently, groundwater levels were higher and subsurface storage was greater. The restoration had a moderate effect on flood peak attenuation and improved free drainage to the river. Our results suggest that embankment removal can increase river–floodplain hydrological connectivity to form a more natural wetland ecotone, driven by frequent localized flood disturbance. This has important implications for the planning and management of river restoration projects that aim to enhance floodwater storage, floodplain species composition and biogeochemical cycling of nutrients. © 2016 The Authors. River Research and Applications Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.     

NAM模型与水资源配置模型耦合研究

选取汉江作为示范流域,基于MIKE BASIN软件构建了汉江流域水资源配置模型,介绍了该系统的重要特征,探讨了系统内部各组成部分间相互联系;将所建模型与NAM模型的预测结果进行耦合,并分析了2006年皇庄以上汉江流域水资源供需平衡.结果表明:汉江流域内(至皇庄)生活用水、工业用水基本满足要求;农业灌溉、河道内生态用水缺水率为35.8%、25.7%,整体缺水率为22.2%.     

曲靖经济区水资源持续利用及车马碧调水工程

1曲靖经济区水资源开发利用现状 云南省曲靖市经济区（特指麒麟、沾益、陆良3个区县的南盘江沾曲陆段）区域内人均水资源量892m^3／人，仅为云南省人均水资源量的17．8％，也只有全国平均水平的40．2％，属水资源紧张地区，现状水资源开发利用程度已达到41．7％。在云南省委省政府提出“与全国同步实现建设小康社会宏伟目标”、“工业强省倍增计划”等的发展战略，以及曲靖市提出“珠江源大城市”和“曲靖工业强市”战略的实施，城市生活和工业需水量将快速增长，水资源的供需矛盾越来越突出，研究南盘江上游的曲靖经济区水资源配置是十分紧迫和必要的。     

近海人工岛及沙坝工程与潮流的响应特征研究

北戴河新区位于最具发展潜力的环渤海经济圈中心地带,为满足旅游业发展需要而建的人工岛和保护旅游海滩而建的人工沙坝对近海潮流动力有不同程度的影响。该文基于MIKE21 FM模块通过大、中、小模型三层嵌套的方式建立洋河-葡萄岛近岸海域潮流数学模型,研究分析人工岛及沙坝工程建设前后的潮流动力变化特征,得到下列主要结论:工程建设后研究区域的主体潮流特征仍为顺岸往复流,流速变化量涨潮大于落潮;人工岛工程对流速场的影响范围和程度均明显大于沙坝工程,其中人工岛工程引起的流速变化量是沙坝工程的4倍;人工岛的建设使其内部形成一个相对封闭的水域,流速近乎为零,而养滩工程区在两侧水工建筑物和水下人工沙坝的掩护作用下流速基本减小至0.10 m/s以下。     

基于MIKE Flood的中小河流溃堤洪水演进数值模拟

针对水文资料缺乏的中小河流,以贵溪市罗塘河下游段为例,应用MIKE软件对河流溃堤洪水演进进行了研究。采用瞬时单位线法推求断面各频率的设计洪水,并将其作为洪水演进模型的输入;利用MIKE软件建立了贵溪市罗塘河下游段的一、二维耦合水动力模型,对该河下游段溃堤洪水演进过程进行了模拟;通过模拟分析,得到了溃口流量过程和堤防保护区洪水淹没过程。研究成果可为中小河流洪水风险分析和灾害损失评估提供技术支撑。     

基于MIKE21的三峡库区涪陵段排污口COD扩散特征模拟及对下游水质的影响

采用MIKE21建立蓄水后涪陵长江水动力模型平台,通过耦合污染物传输模型(TD)来研究上游COD排放对城市取水口附近水质的影响时间及程度,并提出应对措施.结果显示,研究区距上游边界2 km处的排污口所排COD在5～10min内就能扩散到取水口,使周围COD浓度较背景浓度值加倍,44号排污口对取水口水质下降影响最为严重....