Analysis of suitability of TPP ash-slag waste as materials for hydrogen fuel storage

The current trends in energy were described, the main of which is the use of alternative energy sources, especially hydrogen. The most common methods of hydrogen accumulation were proposed: accumulation of compressed gaseous hydrogen in high-pressure tanks; accumulation of liquid hydrogen in cryogenic tanks; storing hydrogen in a chemically bound state; accumulation of gaseous hydrogen in carriers with a high specific surface area. Based on the combination of advantages and disadvantages, the most promising methods of accumulation were selected: storage of liquid hydrogen and storage of hydrogen in carriers with a high specific surface area. The main requirement for materials for hydrogen storage by these methods was revealed – a high specific surface area. Prospects for the development of waste-free low-emission technologies due to the recycling of secondary raw materials and the development of low-temperature technologies for the synthesis of functional and structural materials were substantiated. The applicability of large-scale ash and slag waste from coal-fired thermal power plants as a raw material for obtaining materials by low-temperature technologies was shown. The traditional ways of using ash and slag waste as a raw material, active additive and filler in the production of cements were described. Modern technologies for the production of innovative materials with a unique set of properties were presented, namely carbon nanotubes, silica aerogel and geopolymer materials. The prospect of using geopolymer matrices as a precursor for the synthesis of a number of materials was described; the most promising type of materials was selected – geopolymer foams, which are mainly used as sorbents for purifying liquids and gases or accumulating target products, as well as heat-insulating materials. The possibility of obtaining products of any shape and size on the basis of geopolymer matrices without high-temperature processing was shown. The special efficiency of the development of the technology of porous granules and powders obtained from a geopolymer precursor using various methods was substantiated. The obtained granules can be used in the following hydrogen storage technologies: direct accumulation of hydrogen in porous granules; creation of insulating layers for liquid hydrogen storage units.     

近源成藏——来自鄂尔多斯盆地延长组湖盆东部“边缘”延长组6段原油的地球化学证据

延安以东和以北的鄂尔多斯盆地东北部地区曾被认为位处三叠纪延长组7段（长7段）沉积期古湖盆的"边缘"，一些学者认为该区延长组烃源岩不发育，因而其油藏原油系湖盆中心生成的原油经长距离侧向运移而来；但也有研究认为，包括盆地边缘在内的整个鄂尔多斯盆地致密油藏均为近源成藏。为明确盆地东部地区延长组原油来源，对三叠纪湖盆"东缘"七里村油田的主力油层延长组6段（长6段）原油开展了原油地球化学和油源对比研究。七里村油田长6段原油具有高饱和烃、高饱芳比、低非烃和低沥青质的特征，正构烷烃呈前高单峰型，主峰碳为C₁₉，生物标志化合物分析显示长6段原油为同源成熟原油，生油母质以藻类等低等水生生物为主，混有陆源高等植物，母源沉积环境为偏还原性的淡水湖泊。七里村油田长6段原油与本地区长7段黑色泥页岩和暗色泥岩2种烃源岩均具有明显亲缘关系，而与志丹、富县等湖盆中心地区的长7段烃源岩在族组成、生物标志化合物和稳定碳同位素特征上均存在明显区别。综合分析认为七里村油田长6段原油并非湖盆中心长7段优质烃源岩所生油气经长距离运移而来，而主要为原位长7段烃源岩生成的原油经垂向运移和短距离侧向运移在长6段等储层中聚集成藏，属于近源成藏。     

Simultaneous bioelectricity generation and pollutants removal of sediment microbial fuel cell combined with submerged macrophyte

A submerged macrophyte sediment microbial fuel cell (SP-SMFC) was constructed in this study. Ceratophyllum demersum L., Vallisneria natans, Hydrilla verticillate were chosen as the submerged plants to form cer-SMFC, val-SMFC, hyd-SMFC systems. Plant groups showed the advantage of bioelectricity generation and pollutants removal compared with the unplanted system. The cer-SMFC group stood out with the maximum power density as 24.56 mW m^?2 and the average pollutants removal in overlying water (COD: 81.16%, TN: 65.27%, TP: 79.10%) and in sediments (TN: 26.40%, TP: 21.79%). The determination of root exudates and radial oxygen loss (ROL) demonstrated that C. demersum L. was superior to other studied submerged macrophytes. More root exudates may contribute to an increase in available substrates for electrochemically active bacteria and other microorganisms. Higher enzyme activities were obtained in three SP-SMFCs (especially in cer-SMFC). ATPase and APA activities in cer-SMFC group were increased by over 40% compared with the control. The results indicated that the presence of plants enhanced the microorganism activities, thereby improving bioelectricity generation and pollutants removal. This study will facilitate the application of SP-SMFC technology as an alternative for in situ remediation of polluted sediments.     

海月构造带东三段滩坝砂分布及成藏主控因素分析

辽河滩海地区海月构造带东三段沉积期,三角洲前缘砂体受湖岸流和波浪的改造,形成了一系列滩坝砂沉积,细分为滩砂和坝砂,水动力强则形成坝砂,水动力弱则形成滩砂;滩坝砂平行于湖岸线呈带状分布,易于形成岩性圈闭。滩坝砂受砂体发育规模、储层物性、断裂输导体系及封堵性等多种因素控制,在滩坝砂较为发育的东三下段,靠近海南断层、盖州滩断层且封堵条件优越的滩坝砂最易于成藏。     

准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷陆相页岩油地质特征与聚集机理

综合利用岩心、测井、烃源岩热解、铸体薄片、场发射扫描电镜、激光共聚焦显微镜与高压压汞等分析测试的结果，对准噶尔盆地吉木萨尔凹陷芦草沟组陆相页岩油地质特征与聚集机理进行了研究。结果表明：吉木萨尔凹陷咸化湖盆型沉积地层富含有机质，是烃源岩层也是储层，页岩油藏具有“源储一体”的地质特征，存在粉砂岩类与泥岩类和白云岩类与泥岩类两类岩性组合类型。芦草沟组大面积整体含油、“甜点”富集且原油成熟度较低。页岩油赋存岩石的润湿性为亲油性，生烃增压是页岩油运聚的主要动力。微纳米孔喉、层理缝与构造裂缝形成页岩油的有利储集空间与渗流通道。页岩油整体为源内或近源聚集，并以游离态和吸附态赋存于芦草沟组“甜点”段与泥页岩层段中。     

地埋管换热器分区运行对土壤热堆积特性影响的研究

为了缓解埋管区域土壤的热量堆积问题,提出了埋管换热器按内中外、块状、间隔三种分区运行的策略,利用CFD软件建立了10×10的井群换热模型,对地源热泵系统在三种分区与不分区运行策略下运行十年进行数值模拟,分析不同分区运行策略对土壤温度分布和土壤热堆积特性的影响。模拟结果可知:不分区、内中外分区、块状分区、间隔分区四种运行策略下埋管区域的平均温度分别为25.23、23.31、23.06、23.28℃,最高温度分别为40.62、32.77、40.65、38.93℃;分区运行较不分区运行可以有效缓解热堆积作用,埋管区域整体温度较不分区运行时降低了2.00℃左右,内中外分区策略可以显著缓解埋管区域热堆积。     

Effects of Phosphoryl Oligosaccharides of Calcium (POs-Ca) on Mycelial Growth and Fruiting Body Development of the Edible Mushroom,Pleurotus ostreatus

Phosphoryl oligosaccharides of calcium (POs-Ca) is a calcium salt of phosphoryl maltooligosaccharides made from potato starch. POs-Ca is highly water-soluble and can supply both the calcium ion and acidic oligosaccharides in an aqueous solution. In this study, we investigated the effects of POs-Ca on the mycelial growth and fruiting body yield of Pleurotus ostreatus , which is one of the most widely cultivated edible mushrooms in the world. We cultivated the mushroom using both potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium and sawdust-based medium, with added calcium salts. The addition of POs-Ca into the PDA medium with a calcium concentration of 10 mg increased mycelial growth significantly ( p < 0.05, vs . control). POs-Ca addition to the sawdust-based medium at concentrations of 1.0 to 3.0 g/100 g medium increased the amount of calcium in the fruiting bodies but did not affect the length of the cultivation period or the weight of the fruiting body. The calcium content in the fruiting body increased 12-fold when compared to the control. On the other hand, neither the CaHPO ₄ ･2H ₂ O group nor the CaHPO ₄ ･2H ₂ O with oligosaccharides group showed changes in the calcium content of the fruiting bodies. Our results indicate that the use of POs-Ca in mushroom cultivation allows for the possibility of developing new functional foods like calcium-enriched edible mushrooms. This is the first report describing the effects of POs-Ca on mushroom cultivation.