全文获取类型
收费全文 | 43929篇 |
免费 | 2901篇 |
国内免费 | 1326篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 1809篇 |
技术理论 | 10篇 |
综合类 | 2888篇 |
化学工业 | 5910篇 |
金属工艺 | 943篇 |
机械仪表 | 1626篇 |
建筑科学 | 5705篇 |
矿业工程 | 1468篇 |
能源动力 | 3123篇 |
轻工业 | 1842篇 |
水利工程 | 5611篇 |
石油天然气 | 2767篇 |
武器工业 | 312篇 |
无线电 | 2297篇 |
一般工业技术 | 2449篇 |
冶金工业 | 3325篇 |
原子能技术 | 510篇 |
自动化技术 | 5561篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 37篇 |
2023年 | 469篇 |
2022年 | 797篇 |
2021年 | 962篇 |
2020年 | 1002篇 |
2019年 | 921篇 |
2018年 | 928篇 |
2017年 | 1142篇 |
2016年 | 1296篇 |
2015年 | 1351篇 |
2014年 | 2327篇 |
2013年 | 2599篇 |
2012年 | 2382篇 |
2011年 | 3319篇 |
2010年 | 2472篇 |
2009年 | 2673篇 |
2008年 | 2382篇 |
2007年 | 2727篇 |
2006年 | 2512篇 |
2005年 | 2243篇 |
2004年 | 1887篇 |
2003年 | 1770篇 |
2002年 | 1488篇 |
2001年 | 1221篇 |
2000年 | 1008篇 |
1999年 | 924篇 |
1998年 | 721篇 |
1997年 | 598篇 |
1996年 | 498篇 |
1995年 | 443篇 |
1994年 | 355篇 |
1993年 | 229篇 |
1992年 | 227篇 |
1991年 | 140篇 |
1990年 | 141篇 |
1989年 | 111篇 |
1988年 | 95篇 |
1987年 | 85篇 |
1986年 | 75篇 |
1985年 | 169篇 |
1984年 | 266篇 |
1983年 | 295篇 |
1982年 | 221篇 |
1981年 | 323篇 |
1980年 | 130篇 |
1979年 | 40篇 |
1978年 | 39篇 |
1977年 | 14篇 |
1975年 | 21篇 |
1974年 | 22篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 24 毫秒
1.
In the chemical industry large amounts of saline wastewater occur. Its disposal into rivers is a considerable burden to the ecosystem. To strive for a circular economy and enable a viable raw material recycling, energy-efficient concentration processes are requisite. High-pressure reverse osmosis meets this criterion, but its industrial application demands suitable membrane elements that withstand the exceptional operation conditions and provide sufficient performance. Hence, new requirements regarding the design of spiral-wound elements arise. To identify those, specific performance-limiting effects need a better understanding. 相似文献
2.
Bowen Lv Zhaoliang Qu Baosheng Xu Yiguang Wang Daining Fang 《Ceramics International》2021,47(12):16547-16554
A numerical model is developed for surface crack propagation in brittle ceramic coatings, aiming at the intrinsic failure of rare-earth silicate environmental barrier coating systems (EBCs) under combustion conditions in advanced gas turbines. The main features of progressive degradation of EBCs in such conditions are captured, including selective silica vaporization in the top coat due to exposure to water vapor, diffusion path-dependent bond coat oxidation, as well as crack propagation during cyclic thermal loading. In light of these features, user-defined subroutines are implemented in finite element analysis, where surface crack growth is simulated by node separation. Numerical results are validated by existing experimental data, in terms of monosilicate layer thickening, thermal oxide growth, and fracture behaviors. The experimentally observed quasi-linear oxidation in the early stage is also elucidated. Furthermore, it is suggested that surface crack undergoes rapid propagation in the late stage of extended thermal cycling in water vapor and leads to catastrophic failure, driven by both thermal mismatch and oxide growth stresses. The latter is identified as the dominant mechanism of penetration. Based on detailed analyses of failure mechanisms, the optimization strategy of EBCs composition is proposed, balancing the trade-off between mechanical compliance and erosion resistance. 相似文献
3.
Babak Jaleh Mahmoud Nasrollahzadeh Bahareh Feizi Mohazzab Mahtab Eslamipanah Mohaddeseh Sajjadi Hossein Ghafuri 《Ceramics International》2021,47(8):10389-10425
In both developing and industrialized/developed countries, various hazardous/toxic environmental pollutants are entering water bodies from organic and inorganic compounds (heavy metals and specifically dyes). The global population is growing whereas the accessibility of clean, potable and safe drinking water is decreasing, leading to world deterioration in human health and limitation of agricultural and/or economic development. Treatment of water/wastewater (mainly industrial water) via catalytic reduction/degradation of environmental pollutants is extremely critical and is a major concern/issue for public health. Light and/or laser ablation induced photocatalytic processes have attracted much attention during recent years for water treatment due to their good (photo)catalytic efficiencies in the reduction/degradation of organic/inorganic pollutants. Pulsed laser ablation (PLA) is a rather novel catalyst fabrication approach for the generation of nanostructures with special morphologies (nanoparticles (NPs), nanocrystals, nanocomposites, nanowires, etc.) and different compositions (metals, alloys, oxides, core-shell, etc.). Laser ablation in liquid (LAL) is generally considered a quickly growing approach for the synthesis and modification of nanomaterials for practical applications in diverse fields. LAL-synthesized nanomaterials have been identified as attractive nanocatalysts or valuable photocatalysts in (photo)catalytic reduction/degradation reactions. In this review, the laser ablation/irradiation strategies based on LAL are systematically described and the applications of LAL synthesized metal/metal oxide nanocatalysts with highly controlled nanostructures in the degradation/reduction of organic/inorganic water pollutants are highlighted along with their degradation/reduction mechanisms. 相似文献
4.
Riemann-Liouville分数阶微积分算子是一类带有一个函数的分数阶微积分算子的特殊情形,以Riemann-Liouville分数阶微积分算子的积分中值定理和微分中值定理为基础,我们得到了一类带有一个函数的分数阶微积分算子的积分中值定理和微分中值定理,并给出其在计算方面的一些应用。 相似文献
5.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(38):17010-17021
In the present study, a membrane-based air-to-air planar humidifier (MAPH) with baffle-blocked flow channels and a common MAPH are fabricated, tested and compared. These MAPHs are well thermal insulated from their surroundings. Polyoxymethylene (POM) plates with some unique properties such as large tensile and flexural strength, high chemical resistance and high stiffness are used to create channels at dry and humid sides of MAPHs. The obtained findings revealed that the higher heat and water transfer rates and smaller dew point approach temperature (DPAT) in entire tested flow rates occurs in baffle-blocked MAPH. To evaluate the MAPH performance with considering the pressure drop, a dimensionless parameter, performance evaluation criteria (PEC), is introduced. At flow rates less than 1 m3/h, PEC is less than 1, indicating a decline in MAPH performance with considering the pressure drop. In baffle-blocked MAPH using water trap in the inlet of dry side leads to the performance deterioration. Additionally, the increased relative humidity (RH) of humid side inlet causes an increase in DPAT, consequently, the performance deterioration. 相似文献
6.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(67):28782-28793
Highly-efficient and stable non-noble metal electrocatalysts for overcoming the sluggish kinetics of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is urgent for water electrolysis. Biomass-derived biochar has been considered as promising carbon material because of its advantages such as low-cost, renewable, simple preparation, rich structure, and easy to obtain heteroatom by in-situ doping. Herein, Ni2P–Fe2P bimetallic phosphide spherical nanocages encapsulated in N/P-doped pine needles biochar is prepared via a simple two-step pyrolysis method. Benefiting from the maximum synergistic effects of bimetallic phosphide and biochar, high conductivity of biochar encapsulation, highly exposed active sites of Ni2P–Fe2P spherical nanocages, rapid mass transfer in porous channels with large specific surface area, and the promotion in adsorption of reaction intermediates by high-level heteroatom doping, the (Ni0.75Fe0.25)2P@NP/C demonstrates excellent OER activity with an overpotential of 250 mV and a Tafel slope of 48 mV/dec at 10 mA/cm2 in 1 M KOH. Also it exhibits a long-term durability in 10 h electrolysis and its activity even improves during the electrocatalytic process. The present work provides a favorable strategy for the inexpensive synthesis of biochar-based transition metal electrocatalysts toward OER, and improves the water electrolysis for hydrogen production. 相似文献
7.
8.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(10):6700-6709
Water electrolysis is the most clean and high-efficiency technology for production of hydrogen, an ultimate clean energy in future. Highly efficient non-noble electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) are desirable for large scale production of hydrogen by water electrolysis. Especially, exposing as many active sites as possible is a vital way to improve activities of the catalysts. Herein, a series of new hydrangea like composite catalysts of ultrathin Mo2S3 nanosheets assembled uprightly and interlacedly on N, S-dual-doped graphitic biocarbon spheres were facilely prepared. The unique structure endowed the catalysts highly exposed edge active sites and prominently high activities for HER. Especially, the optimized catalyst Mo2S3/NSCS-50 exhibited as low as 106 mV of overpotential at 10 mA/cm2 (denoted as ?10). The catalyst also showed low Tafel slope of 53 mV/dec, low electron transfer resistance of 34 Ω and high stability evidenced by the result that the current density only attenuated 11.7% after 10 h i-t test. The catalyst has shown broad prospect for commercial application in water electrolysis. 相似文献
9.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(1):228-241
The construction of semiconductor heterojunction for photocatalytic H2 production from water splitting is an efficient and environment-friendly technology. In this work, ZnO/BiOCl (ZBC) and Sn-doped ZnO/BiOCl (ZBC-S) photocatalysts with Z-scheme heterojunction were successfully prepared by simple hydrothermal method. The photocatalytic H2 evolution from water splitting by the as-prepared photocatalysts was investigated. The formation of ZnO/BiOCl heterojunction reduces the recombination probability of the photogenerated carriers. The impurity levels originated from Sn doping reduce the band gap width of ZnO and BiOCl to some extent, thereby enhancing the light absorption ability. The ZBC-S composite exhibits the best photocatalytic activity. In addition, the photocatalytic efficiency of H2 production was improved by sensitization with Eosin Y (EY) dye. The H2 production rate under simulated sunlight reaches 4146.77 μmol g?1 h?1, which is 27 times higher than that of pure ZnO. Finally, the Z-scheme electron transfer route in ZnO/BiOCl heterojunction was determined, and the photocatalytic H2 production mechanism of EY sensitized ZBC-S was proposed. 相似文献
10.
Gerasimov Sergey I. Ilyushin Mikhail A. Putis Sergey M. Dushenok Sergey A. Shugalei Irina V. Sudarikov Andrey M. 《含能材料》2022,30(4):370-378
In the present work it is found that the pyrotechnic composition VS-2 can be initiated with flash lamps IFC-500 and EVIS. VS-2 pyrotechnic composition contains 90% of mercury(Ⅱ) 5-hydrazinotetrazolate perchlorate and 10% of optically transparent copolymer of 2-methyl-5-vinyltetrazole and methacrylic acid (PVMT). We have found that the flash lamps make it possible to initiate combustion of VS-2 composition with its transition to detonation both in cylindrical charges placed in brass caps of 5 mm diameter and 2 mm high, and film charges with 10 mm×80 mm in size and surface weights of 60 mg·cm-2 and 90 mg·cm-2, showing ignition delay times 10 μs and 3 μs, respectively. We also measured detonation velocities for VS-2 composition film charges, which were 4375-4505 m·s-1 (of the charge being surface mass 60 mg·cm-2) and 4221-4281 m·s-1 (of the charge being surface mass 90 mg·cm-2) and their blasting action on the aluminum plate. The depths of the normal shock wave imprints at the charge-barrier interface were 0.6-0.7 mm (for surface mass of the film charges 60 mg·cm-2) and 1.2-1.3 mm (for surface mass of the film charges 90 mg·cm-2). 相似文献