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1.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(95):40379-40390
TiO2 quantum dots-sensitized Cu2S (Cu2S/TiO2) nanocomposites with varying concentration of TiO2 QDs are synthesized via a facile two-stage hydrothermal-wet impregnation method. X-ray diffraction analysis confirms the formation of Cu2S and TiO2with chalcocite and anatase phases, respectively. The observed shoulder-like absorption peaks indicate the UV–visible light-driven properties of the composite. Morphological analysis reveals that the fabricated Cu2S/TiO2 composite consists of Cu2S with a nano rod-like shape (average length and width of ~856 and ~213 nm, respectively) and nanosheets-like structures (average length and width of ~283 and ~289 nm, respectively), whereas the TiO2 is formed as quantum dots with a size range of 8.2 ± 0.4 nm. Chemical state analysis shows the presence of Cu+, S2?, Ni2+, and O2? in the nanocomposite. The H2 evolution rate over the optimized photocatalyst is found to be ~45.6 mmol h?1g?1cat under simulated solar irradiation, which is around 5 and 2.4-fold higher than that of the pristine TiO2 and Cu2S, respectively. Continuous H2 production for 30 h is achieved during time-on-stream experiments, demonstrating the excellent stability and durability of the Cu2S/TiO2 photocatalyst for large-scale applications. 相似文献
2.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(55):23071-23083
In the debate on the decarbonisation of heat, renewable electricity tends to play a much more dominant role than green gases, despite the potential advantages of gas in terms of utilising existing transportation networks and end-use appliances. Informed comparisons are hampered by information asymmetry; the renewable electricity has seen a huge grid level deployment whereas low-carbon hydrogen or bio-methane have been limited to some small, stand-alone trials. This paper explores the regulatory and commercial challenges of implementing the first UK neighbourhood level 100% low-carbon hydrogen demonstration project. We draw on existing literature and action research to identify the key practical barriers currently hindering the ability of strategically important actors to accelerate the substitution of natural gas with low carbon hydrogen in local gas networks. This paper adds much needed contextual depth to existing generic and theoretical understandings of low-carbon hydrogen for heat transition feasibility. The learnings from pilot projects, about the exclusion of hydrogen calorific value from the Local Distribution Zone calorific value calculation, Special Purpose Vehicle companies, holding of liability and future costs to consumers, need to be quickly transferred into resilient operational practice, or gas repurposing projects will continue to be less desirable than electrification using existing regulations, and with more rapid delivery. 相似文献
3.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(67):28782-28793
Highly-efficient and stable non-noble metal electrocatalysts for overcoming the sluggish kinetics of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is urgent for water electrolysis. Biomass-derived biochar has been considered as promising carbon material because of its advantages such as low-cost, renewable, simple preparation, rich structure, and easy to obtain heteroatom by in-situ doping. Herein, Ni2P–Fe2P bimetallic phosphide spherical nanocages encapsulated in N/P-doped pine needles biochar is prepared via a simple two-step pyrolysis method. Benefiting from the maximum synergistic effects of bimetallic phosphide and biochar, high conductivity of biochar encapsulation, highly exposed active sites of Ni2P–Fe2P spherical nanocages, rapid mass transfer in porous channels with large specific surface area, and the promotion in adsorption of reaction intermediates by high-level heteroatom doping, the (Ni0.75Fe0.25)2P@NP/C demonstrates excellent OER activity with an overpotential of 250 mV and a Tafel slope of 48 mV/dec at 10 mA/cm2 in 1 M KOH. Also it exhibits a long-term durability in 10 h electrolysis and its activity even improves during the electrocatalytic process. The present work provides a favorable strategy for the inexpensive synthesis of biochar-based transition metal electrocatalysts toward OER, and improves the water electrolysis for hydrogen production. 相似文献
4.
胡中南 《水资源开发与管理》2022,(2)
临溪水文站流量测验主要以缆道流速仪法为主,常规测验方式虽能保证流量精度,但测验时间较长,无法满足时效性的要求。因此,本文通过对临溪站多年的缆道流速仪法流量进行测速垂线分析,在常测法基础上提出了流量简测方案,并对前后流量进行了误差分析,测验结果满足规范要求。研究结果可为类似水文站测验提供参考。 相似文献
5.
南水北调中线总干渠无在线调蓄水库,对藻类生态调度过程中出现的问题开展生态调度实现策略和实施方式研究。主要实现策略包括:划定自身的调蓄区,隔离生态调度对下游的影响;采用高效的渠池运行方式,减少生态调度时蓄量的反复调整;综合考虑安全、快速、平稳等需求,设定生态调度实施进程和方式。具体实施方式包括:将总干渠划分为流速调控区、调蓄区和正常运行区,分别实施等体积、控制蓄量和闸前常水位方式运行;将生态调度过程划分为充水阶段和泄水阶段,基于流速调控目标值、持续时长和水位降幅约束条件,确定各阶段时长和各分区的闸门群调控方案等。基于2018年3月输水工况,采用明渠一维非恒定流模型,仿真总干渠上游15个渠池的藻类生态调度过程。结果表明,生态调度可在3.5 d内完成,各渠池的平均流速由0.48 m/s增至0.93 m/s,持续时间超过2 h。在整个生态调度过程中,水位变化平稳,水位变幅符合安全阈值要求,下游渠道的正常运行未受生态调度明显影响。 相似文献
6.
采用空心包体(HI)应变计进行了首次断裂带岩体应力监测试验。在深埋隧洞施工开挖期,选择合适部位进行了大直径钻孔,利用对中装置、采用水泥净浆灌浆方式将HI应变计埋设在钻孔孔深24 m部位,建立了基于惠斯通电桥半桥测量的云监测系统。确定了只采用水泥净浆和HI材料弹性参数进行修正系数计算,通过分析监测数据规律确定应变计算初始时间后进行了三维应力增量计算。结果显示:以2021年9月16日为初始计算日期、在时段4和时段5期间的应力增量计算结果的第一主应力(σ1)的范围为10.3~15.0 MPa,方向为缓倾角W向;第二主应力(σ2)的范围为3.1~4.6 MPa,方向为陡倾角NEE至SEE向;第三主应力(σ3)的变动范围为0.2~1.8 MPa,方向为缓倾角近S向;最大水平主应力(σH)和最小水平主应力(σh)分量的变动范围分别为10.1~13.9 MPa和0.2~1.8 MPa,最大水平主应力方向(αH)为近EW向。结果讨论显示:通过监测数据规律分析确定的计算初始时间更具合理性;HI应变计应力监测受多因素影响,包括开挖应力扰动影响和一次监测洞段的应力和变形调整影响;本试验所得最大水平主应力量级及其方向与已有地应力试验结果接近,监测结果反映龙蟠-乔后断裂带的应力场特征。 相似文献
7.
为保障工程建筑物的合理设计、输水渠道的科学调控及调水系统的安全运行,需对弧形闸门过闸流量进行精确计算。以南水北调中线工程干渠59座节制闸为研究对象,建立基于量纲分析法和长短期记忆神经网络两种不同的弧形闸门流量计算模型,选取2018—2019年2 h时间尺度的原始观测数据作为模型输入,对比分析两种模型闸门流量计算的平均绝对误差、平均相对误差、均方根误差及纳什效率系数。结果表明:对于工程整体而言,长短期记忆神经网络方法的误差结果略优于量纲分析法,两者流量平均相对误差分别为2%~2.5%和3%~4%。另外,量纲分析法受水位波动影响较大,更适用于中线工程中下游(中、小流量)的闸门过流计算;长短期记忆神经网络方法受水位波动的影响相对略小,更适用于中线工程中上游(大、中流量)的闸门过流计算。该研究为南水北调中线工程闸门水力计算及调度运行提供了科学依据。 相似文献
8.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(91):38721-38735
Proper management of the liquid water and heat produced in proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells remains crucial to increase both its performance and durability. In this study, a two-phase flow and multicomponent model, called two-fluid model, is developed in the commercial COMSOL Multiphysics® software to investigate the liquid water heterogeneities in large area PEM fuel cells, considering the real flow fields in the bipolar plate. A macroscopic pseudo-3D multi-layers approach has been chosen and generalized Darcy's relation is used both in the membrane-electrode assembly (MEA) and in the channel. The model considers two-phase flow and gas convection and diffusion coupled with electrochemistry and water transport through the membrane. The numerical results are compared to one-fluid model results and liquid water measurements obtained by neutron imaging for several operating conditions. Finally, according to the good agreement between the two-fluid and experimentation results, the numerical water distribution is examined in each component of the cell, exhibiting very heterogeneous water thickness over the cell surface. 相似文献
9.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(38):17010-17021
In the present study, a membrane-based air-to-air planar humidifier (MAPH) with baffle-blocked flow channels and a common MAPH are fabricated, tested and compared. These MAPHs are well thermal insulated from their surroundings. Polyoxymethylene (POM) plates with some unique properties such as large tensile and flexural strength, high chemical resistance and high stiffness are used to create channels at dry and humid sides of MAPHs. The obtained findings revealed that the higher heat and water transfer rates and smaller dew point approach temperature (DPAT) in entire tested flow rates occurs in baffle-blocked MAPH. To evaluate the MAPH performance with considering the pressure drop, a dimensionless parameter, performance evaluation criteria (PEC), is introduced. At flow rates less than 1 m3/h, PEC is less than 1, indicating a decline in MAPH performance with considering the pressure drop. In baffle-blocked MAPH using water trap in the inlet of dry side leads to the performance deterioration. Additionally, the increased relative humidity (RH) of humid side inlet causes an increase in DPAT, consequently, the performance deterioration. 相似文献
10.
介绍了自动化仪表全生命周期数据链在工程建设中的建立过程,及其在工程建设终端领域的应用,介绍了仪表专业工程设计、采购、施工各阶段的交付文件内容。探讨了工程设计公司如何利用自身的数据链龙头优势,在最大程度地延长仪表生命周期的同时,把工程设计公司的业务外延扩大至工程建设以外的领域—仪表检维修业务,把数字化交付这项新业务衍变成能够创造附加价值的新机会。 相似文献