Lipids and Fatty Acids of the Gonads of Sea Urchin Diadema setosum (Echinodermata) From the Coastal Area of the Nha Trang Bay,Central Vietnam

The sea urchin Diadema setosum is edible and desirable as food by locals in central Vietnam and a promising target for potential fishing. The lipid profiles of the gonads of the sea urchin inhabiting the coastal area in Nha Trang Bay are studied for the first time. The determination of the content of the total lipids (TL), total phospholipids (PL), monoacylglycerols (MAG), diacylglycerols (DAG), triacylglycerols (TAG), cholesterol (Chol), sterol esters, and free fatty acids (FFA) is analyzed by high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC); the phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylcholine (PC), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), and sphingomyelin (SM) are determined by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC); and the fatty acid levels of TLs are identified using gas chromatography (GC). Non-polar TAG, FFA, Chol, and DAG dominated. The content of total PL is significant. PC is abundant among PL fractions, followed by PE, PI, and PS. The TLs contain a high proportion of PUFA, mainly due to arachidonic fatty acid and eicosapentanoic fatty acid. The (n−6)/(n−3) ratio is 1.68, and the atherogenic and thrombogenic indexes of D. setosum are 1.13 and 0.73. The results can be used in the development of marine bioprospecting and methodological approaches for the creation of functional substances.     

不同烹饪方式对海参体壁营养成分变化的对比分析

为了探究不同烹饪方式对海参体壁营养成分的影响,将鲜活海参分别使用常压烹饪、高压烹饪、重汤烹饪方式进行烹饪。对比不同烹饪方式下海参外观、体壁组织变化、海参失水率、失重率、收缩率、海参体壁营养成分及海参体壁质构变化。研究结果显示,高压烹饪组海参体壁水分、水溶性蛋白、胶原蛋白、多糖含量分别为84.27%、0.58%、1.73%、0.76%、2.73%,常压烹饪组海参体壁水分、水溶性蛋白、胶原蛋白、多糖含量分别87.58%、0.36%、1.92%、1.92%,重汤烹饪组海参体壁水分、水溶性蛋白、胶原蛋白、多糖含量分别为86.62%、0.46%、1.82%、0.81%。重汤烹饪组在海参体壁水分、水溶性蛋白、胶原蛋白、多糖含量上介于高压烹饪组、常压烹饪组之间,具有统计学差异(p<0.05)。结果表明重汤烹饪下的海参体壁组织较为完整,体壁营养成分保留较多,且对海参体壁的质构影响较小,符合海参烹饪的要求。     

海参二肽基肽酶Ⅳ抑制肽的酶解制备及结构鉴定

通过抑制二肽基肽酶IV(Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV, DPP-IV)的活性,从而减少GLP-1的降解,提高血液中胰岛素的水平,是控制血糖水平的一种重要手段。本文以海参(Holothariatubulosa)为原料,通过探究蛋白酶种类、加酶量和酶解时间对酶解产物DPP-IV抑制活性、蛋白回收率和水解度的影响,确定了海参DPP-IV抑制肽的制备条件,并进一步测定了其分子量分布和总氨基酸组成,最后通过UPLC-MS/MS鉴定了其潜在的活性肽序列。结果发现,木瓜蛋白酶与复合蛋白酶1:1的复配酶解具有最佳的酶解效果,其产物的得率和DPP-IV抑制活性均最高,且在加酶量为干海参质量的1%,酶解时间为4 h时,海参酶解产物在终浓度为2 mg/mL时的DPP-IV抑制率为66.97%,蛋白回收率为76.25%,水解度为6.10%。酶解产物的分子量大都小于5000 u,且富含脯氨酸(Pro)和丙氨酸(Ala)等与抑制DPP-IV活性有关的氨基酸。将获得的酶解物中的肽段进行液质联用检测,并通过Mascot分析筛选得到28条具DPP-IV抑制肽的肽序列,分子量在500～1936 u。本实验结果为以海参为原料进行降血糖产品的开发奠定了基础。     

Parametric study of aluminium alloy fouling in marine environment using RSM technique

ABSTRACT

Fouling is known to be a prominent industrial problem which is greatly affected by parameters like temperature, time and flowrate. The aim of this work was to simulate the fouling process in AA 6061 by developing a model through Minitab 16 and evaluate the models. Box Behnken design of Response surface methodology was applied for modelling and optimization of fouling propensity in artificial sea water. A response surface model was obtained and Analysis of Variance was performed to test the significance of the model. Fouling propensity was found in terms of weight gain. An experimental rig consisting of a recirculating loop mimicking the industrial conditions of fouling was used in the study. SEM analysis shows uneven deposits on the metal surface. Sharp, irregular deposits pressed deep into the metal was observed. The finding of this work would enable us to evaluate the individual and interactive effects of the parameters.     

Bio-economic modelling for marine spatial planning application in North Sea shrimp and flatfish fisheries

Marine activities have been increasingly competing for space and reducing areas for fishing. The use of spatially explicit tools can assist the decision making process on defining the optimal location of closures for fishing due to these emerging activities.This paper presents the Spatial Integrated bio-economic Model for FISHeries (SIMFISH). In this model fishers behaviour is simulated based on optimal effort allocation. The added value of this model compared to other existing spatial management tools lies in the presence of (i) short and long term fishers behaviour (ii) spatial explicit stock and fleet dynamics and (iii) relatively low data requirements.As an illustration, SIMFISH is applied in this paper to estimate the impact of area closures in the North Sea. Overall area closures have a negative impact on the profitability of the fleets. This would be worsened with higher fuel prices and decreased stock productivity.     

海参废渣皂苷通过核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域样受体信号通路抵抗环磷酰胺诱导小鼠的免疫抑制

在我国海参是一种具有多种生物活性的传统滋补品。本实验系统性地研究了2.5、5.0、10.0 mg/（kg mb·d）海参废渣皂苷（saponins extracted from sea cucumber residues，SCRSS）对免疫抑制小鼠的调节作用。结果表明，与模型对照组相比，5.0 mg/（kg mb·d）SCRSS使小鼠的体质量、脾脏指数和胸腺指数分别增加了15.3%、23.8%和39.8%；5.0 mg/（kg mb·d）SCRSS也极显著增加了免疫抑制小鼠的吞噬指数（P＜0.01）。此外，与模型对照组相比，各剂量SCRSS均明显地增加了血清中细胞因子的水平，并促进了脾淋巴细胞和腹腔巨噬细胞的增殖活性。其中，中等剂量（5.0 mg/（kg mb·d））SCRSS可以更有效地上调免疫抑制小鼠核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域蛋白1、核苷酸结合寡聚化结构域蛋白2、受体相互作用蛋白-2和核因子-κB的表达。结论：SCRSS具有作为提高免疫力的功能性食品补充剂的潜力。     

秦皇岛海域食用贝类重金属污染情况分析

为了解秦皇岛海域食用贝类中重金属的污染水平及其存在的健康风险。采用电感耦合等离子体发射质谱法(ICP-MS)和原子荧光光谱法测定了该地区15种常见贝类肌肉和内脏中As(无机砷和总砷)、Pb(铅)、Cr(铬)、Cd(镉)、Hg(甲基汞)的含量,并采用污染指数法、系统聚类法评价了各重金属的污染特征和分类。结果表明:海虹(贻贝,Mytilus edulis)、栉孔贝(Chlamys farreri)、生蚝(Ostrea gigas thunberg)和毛蚶子(Scapharca subcrenata)等的重金属综合污染(MPI)较高。根据NY 5073-2006 无公害食品水产品中有毒有害物质限量标准进行重金属评价。秦皇岛海域食用贝类六种重金属含量最高为Cd,均值为1.129 mg/kg,超出NY 5073-2006 无公害食品水产品中有毒有害物质限量标准,污染较严重,总As和无机As均值分别为0.161、0.021 mg/kg。Cr和Hg均值分别为0.107和0.013 mg/kg,均未受污染,Pb均值为0.188 mg/kg,污染较轻。但部分贝类Cd污染比较严重。其中内脏污染比肌肉部分严重,尤其是大小海螺(Busycon canaliculatu)。因此,需进一步研究秦皇岛海域可食用贝类中Pb和Cd的污染来源并进行有效防治。     

Design response to rising sea levels in the Maldives: A study into aquatic architecture

Climate change and rising sea levels present immediate threats to humanity. However, the global catastrophe fails to generate sufficient action. Subject to total submergence within 80 years, this study undertakes an iterative design process seeking sustainable adaptation strategies for the coastal island nation of the Maldives, specifically, Malé, its capital, which exists under a “state of alert” by order of government. Research methods include literature reviews, site analysis, mapping, and iterative design processes to develop an implementation framework strategy. Infrastructure concepts are presented as speculative images with context-specific spatial relationships and functions. Concepts do not intend to represent a conclusive prototype, rather, an ideation—a solution-based discourse among key audiences highlighting the need to act decisively and adaptively.     

基于深度语义分割的多源遥感图像海面溢油监测

针对遥感图像海面溢油区域通常受到斑噪声以及强度不均等因素的影响,从而导致溢油区域监测效果较差的问题,本文引入了深度语义分割的方法,将深度卷积神经网络与全连接条件随机场相结合,形成端对端连接。以Resnet结构为基础,首先通过深度卷积神经网络对多源遥感图像粗分割并作为输入,然后经过改进的全连接条件随机场,利用高斯成对势和平均场近似定理,建立条件随机场形成递归神经网络作为输出。通过多源遥感图像对海面溢油区域进行监测,并利用可见光图像估计溢油区域面积。实验在所建立的多源遥感图像数据集上与其它先进模型进行对比,结果表明本文方法提高了溢油区域的分割精度以及精细细节程度,平均交并比为82.1%,监测效果具有明显地改善。     

扬矿管在海水中的整体运动分析

在对扬矿管进行受力分析的基础上，运用有限元的方法将5000m扬矿管等分成20个两节点梁单元，将梁单元受力简化，推导出梁单元运动方程。将单元总装成整体结构，并将节点力加到具体节点上，得出整体结构运动方程，用ADINA得到扬矿管整体运动的动态响应解。分析扬矿管的整体运动过程，扬矿管的横向、纵向振动及变形与各因素的关系，其结果可作为扬矿管设计和操作控制的依据。同时提出减小扬矿管变形和振动的措施。