高泉背斜地层压力测井多参数综合解释与异常高压成因

目前国内外地层压力测井解释方法较多,但大多数方法基于欠压实沉积理论并局限于单一的地层岩性,尤其是针对盆地边缘山前深层构造,单一测井参数确定地层压力误差较大,且无法解释沉积压实机制以外的异常高压。为此,将多种异常高压机制相关的测井参数进行综合解释,建立适合山前复杂构造的地层压力测井多参数计算模型,评价准噶尔盆地南缘高泉背斜高探1井的地层压力剖面,其计算结果与钻井实测数据吻合,相对误差小于3.00%.同时,基于原始沉积加载—卸载过程力学原理,利用地层压力测井多参数分析判别出高泉背斜深层各层系异常高压的形成机制。     

宁夏红寺堡盆地隐伏古隆起成因机制及其对区域沙漠化的影响

目前对于青藏高原东北缘活动构造研究多集中于活动断裂带的活动性,而对夹持于其间的沉积盆地构造格架及活动性研究甚少。以夹持于烟筒山断裂与牛首山—罗山断裂之间的宁夏红寺堡盆地为研究对象,采用重力资料重处理解译、音频大地电磁测深(AMT)和地震勘探相结合,揭示红寺堡盆地隐伏构造特征,并进一步采用盆山一体化思路分析隐伏构造的成因机制及其对区域沙漠化的控制作用。结果表明:青藏高原在中新世末发生强烈的NE向推挤、扩展和隆升,红寺堡盆地由坳陷盆地转变为挠曲盆地; 在青藏高原NE向扩展的影响下,烟筒山断裂发生强烈的逆冲作用,古生代—中生代基底逆冲于古近系—新近系之上,受构造变形影响的最新地层为中新统彰恩堡组; 红寺堡盆地内的隐伏古隆起呈NW—SE向,与烟筒山构造带具有相同的构造动力学背景,受青藏高原NE向扩展影响形成于中新世末,并且至今仍具有活动性; 隐伏古隆起周缘断裂的活动破坏了地表稳定性、蓄水能力和地表植被,导致区域沙漠化呈现有规律的NW—SE向带状展布。该研究成果对于宁夏红寺堡盆地区域稳定性评价及沙漠化的综合治理具有现实指导意义。     

China’s ‘old’ and ‘new’ Mekong River politics: the Lancang-Mekong Cooperation from a comparative benefit-sharing perspective

This article analyzes China’s Mekong River politics before and after the establishment of the Lancang-Mekong Cooperation (LMC) from a comparative benefit-sharing perspective. China’s pre-LMC approach focused too much on the creation of economic benefits from and beyond the river while neglecting ecological benefits to the river. Moreover, despite the problems this ‘old’ approach caused for China and its downstream neighbours, China’s current LMC strategy seems to essentially replicate its former approach. While sustainable water resources management is identified as a priority area, actual cooperation and benefit sharing in this field remain insufficient.     

Morondava盆地西部侏罗纪断陷盆地构造特征

系统分析了Morondava盆地西部侏罗纪断陷盆地构造特征,实可分为东部断陷带、中部断裂构造带和西部侏罗系残留斜坡带,可能存在有断鼻型、背斜型、地层剥蚀尖灭型、断块型、古潜山及岩性圈闭。     

三塘湖盆地中—下侏罗统煤层甲烷风化带划分

以三塘湖盆地中、低煤阶煤层含气量和主要气体成分为基础,结合盆地构造、沉积及水文地质特征,对汉水泉凹陷和条湖凹陷煤层甲烷风化带进行了划分,并对库木苏凹陷、马朗凹陷、淖毛湖凹陷和苏鲁克凹陷煤层甲烷风化带进行了预测。结果表明,三塘湖盆地甲烷风化带深度为400~1000 m.由于受东北冲断隆起带的影响,三塘湖盆地北部甲烷风化带浅于南部。沉积方面,盆地东部淖毛湖凹陷、马朗凹陷和条湖凹陷深湖—半深湖和辫状河三角洲成煤环境优于盆地西部汉水泉凹陷和库木苏凹陷扇三角洲成煤环境,盆地东部甲烷风化带普遍浅于西部;水文地质方面,条湖凹陷和马朗凹陷中开启性局部滞留水文地质单元形成的甲烷风化带浅于其他凹陷封闭性弱径流水文地质单元的甲烷风化带。初步预测马朗凹陷北部为下一步煤层气勘探开发的优势区块,条湖凹陷北部为下一步煤系气勘探开发的优势区块。     

Protection through property: from private to river-held rights

ABSTRACT

This article explores how private owners can protect bodies of water through private property rights. It compares the use of conventional property rights in the Netherlands and New Zealand with a novel approach whereby a New Zealand river owns itself.     

Exploring place attachment and visions of nature of water-based recreationists: the case of the longitudinal dams

This study concerns an innovative project in the Dutch river Waal: the construction of longitudinal dams. By splitting the river into a main and secondary channel, these dams significantly impact the river landscape and the way it is used by different stakeholders. We report the results of a baseline study of the expectations local water-based recreationists (fishermen and boaters) had of the longitudinal dams before they were constructed. In addition, we explore their levels of place attachment, and use the visions of nature approach to elicit their lay philosophy of nature. We found that fishermen were more strongly attached to the area than boaters. Though expectations of the dams were generally negative, this differed significantly between fishermen and boaters, and between different dimensions of landscape change. We demonstrate the relevance of place attachment and visions of nature for understanding how recreationists perceive landscape change.     

Short‐term effects in a reduced flow stretch: The case of the Antas River in South Brazil

The building of adduction channels (penstocks) that conduct water from reservoirs to turbines, which are located kilometres from the dam, is becoming common, optimizing the electricity generation in small dams. This design creates a river stretch with reduced discharge between the dam and the powerhouse. This study evaluates the short‐term impacts of the below‐dam decrease in river flow on fish assemblages. Samples were collected in the reduced flow stretch of the Castro Alves Hydropower Plant (Antas River, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil) before the reservoir started operating (January 2008; mean discharge of 103.7 m³/s) and immediately after operation began (March 2008; mean discharge of 12.4 m³/s). Sampling was conducted in distinct habitats of the reduced flow stretch (slow waters—gillnets, sand beaches—seining nets, structured littoral—electrofishing, and fast waters—cast nets) with a strongly standardized effort. The attributes of the fish assemblages were not negatively affected by the flow reduction in any habitat sampled. However, distinct changes in the spatial structure were observed considering the different types of habitat predominantly used by the species, which represents an entire reorganization of the fish assemblages in the short term. It is fundamental that these short‐term aspects be considered in the licensing of hydropower plants in addition to the long‐term changes.