珠江口盆地珠一坳陷古近系高自然伽马砂岩形成机制及油气地质意义

运用放射性元素寻找油气是一种非常规油气勘探手段。近年来,在珠江口盆地珠一坳陷富烃凹陷周边古近系钻遇高自然伽马(GR)砂岩,其GR值(100~300 API)甚至大于同区泥岩的GR值(100~200 API)。为了弄清该特殊现象背后的地质意义,对珠江口盆地珠一坳陷古近系高自然伽马砂岩开展了铀(U)、钍(Th)、钾(K)等3种元素含量与GR值的相关趋势线分析,从井震特征、岩性特征及矿物成分特征等入手分析了砂岩GR值增高的主要原因及成因机制,探讨了放射性元素聚集的条件、运移通道、驱动力以及油气意义。结果表明:西江、惠州地区由U含量增高导致砂岩GR值偏高,恩平、番禺地区由K,Th含量增高导致砂岩GR值偏高;砂岩GR值增高有两大成因机制,一是地下流体带来的放射性元素离子U4+在氧化-还原面处富集后导致地层GR值偏高,这种特殊现象说明在具有连通基底大断裂旁的圈闭中,U4+的富集指示了曾经油气的存在,证实了研究区油气运移通道的有效性,对于油气藏的预测有着非常重要的指导性意义,二是地表流体带来的含放射性元素的矿物大量沉积后导致地层GR值偏高,含放射性元素矿物性质不稳定,可指示近源供给的存在,对于判断物源及沉积环境有着非常重要的意义。该研究成果为预测研究区油气成藏有利区带提供了依据。     

下扬子地区下志留统风暴沉积特征及风暴作用对泥页岩品质的影响

近年来在下扬子地区页岩气地质调查井所获取的地层岩心资料，揭示该地区下志留统风暴沉积较为发育。基于精细的岩心观察描述，详细分析了下扬子地区下志留统高家边组下段中上部风暴沉积的特征，并阐明了风暴作用对泥页岩的影响。研究表明：研究区风暴岩岩性偏细，以粉砂岩为主，石英含量较高，结构成熟度较低，具2种不同的粒度概率曲线；主要发育底部冲刷面、块状层理、平行层理、丘状交错层理、波纹交错层理、准同生变形构造等沉积构造；垂向上主要识别出4种风暴沉积序列，均具有从底到顶粒度变细的沉积特征，不同的沉积序列与风暴流能量的强弱有关。下扬子地区早志留世频繁的风暴活动与研究区的古地理背景和古气候条件具有内在联系。特大型风暴对浅海陆棚深水区的细粒泥质沉积物特征产生重要影响，包括降低有机质含量、减少单层厚度、破坏垂向连续性、改变原始沉积构造和侧向稳定性等，总体上降低了泥页岩的品质。因此，研究认为在页岩气的勘探和评价过程中应重视风暴因素对陆棚深水区原始泥质沉积物的影响。     

Urban livability in socially disadvantaged neighborhoods: The experience of the German program “socially integrative city”

This paper asks how the livability of socially disadvantaged urban neighborhoods can be improved with the help of publicly funded area-based urban regeneration. It builds on the history of area-based regeneration policies in Germany aiming at upgrading and resolving urban problems at the neighborhood level. Its main argument is as follows. First, the fate of conventional physical upgrading policies focusing on the livability of deprived urban areas depends on the development environment. While successful upgrading sometimes makes inner-city neighborhoods so attractive that they run into a trend towards gentrification and displacement of the urban poor, the stabilization of less privileged areas cannot always be guaranteed. Second, alternative approaches are needed, linking limited physical upgrading with socially oriented policies, building on strategies like neighborhood management and empowerment. Third, they can make a substantial contribution to stabilizing deprived neighborhoods, thereby improving the general living conditions and the opportunities of the urban poor. However, they require at least some permanent intervention. Thus, they transcend the logic of area-based regeneration normally limited to restoring faith into the private real estate market and thereby directing inward investment into them that improves the quality of the physical environment. Fourth, they are hardly able to overcome significant negative stigmatization in cities that are severely hit by economic downturn and population decline. This is especially true when they act as arrival areas for consecutive waves of migrants, making it necessary to redefine the role of those areas in cities and accepting their high concentration of urban problems as a starting point for different area-based policies dealing with them. The key empirical background of the paper is the German system of urban development grants and an evaluation of the so-called program of “socially integrative city”.     

Simulation of interaction between high-temperature process and heat emission from electricity system in summer

During the hot summer season, using electricity systems increases the local anthropogenic heat emission, further increasing the temperature. Regarding anthropogenic heat sources, electric energy consumption, heat generation, indoor and outdoor heat transfer, and exchange in buildings play a critical role in the change in the urban thermal environment. Therefore, the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model was applied in this study to investigate the heat generation from an indoor electricity system and its influence on the outdoor thermal environment. Through the building effect parameterization (BEP) of a multistorey urban canopy scheme, a building energy model (BEM) to increase the influence of indoor air conditioning on the electricity consumption system was proposed. In other words, the BEP+BEM urban canopy parameterization scheme was set. High temperatures and a summer heat wave were simulated as the background weather. The results show that using the BEP+BEM parameterization scheme of indoor and outdoor energy exchange in the WRF model can better simulate the air temperature near the surface layer on a sunny summer. During the day, the turning on the air conditioning and other electrical systems have no obvious effect on the air temperature near the surface layer in the city, whereas at night, the air temperature generally increases by 0.6 ℃, especially in densely populated areas, with a maximum temperature rise of approximately 1.2 ℃ from 22:00 to 23:00. When the indoor air conditioning target temperature is adjusted to 25–27 ℃, the total energy release of the air conditioning system is reduced by 12.66%, and the temperature drops the most from 13:00 to 16:00, with an average of approximately 1 ℃. Further, the denser the building is, the greater the temperature drop.     

基于分形理论的黄河内蒙古段河势演变特征及其与凌汛灾害关联研究

寒区河道凌汛灾害河势“弯道效应”的量化评估十分重要。基于分形理论提出河道横断面-纵剖面-平面多维度河势分形维数计算方法及其物理机制，并探讨黄河内蒙古段不同维度河势演变分形特征及其与凌汛灾害的关联关系。结果表明，黄河内蒙古段不同维度河势均具有多尺度自相似分形特征，且具有多年记忆周期的长程相关性；冰坝（严重性冰塞）发生频次与河道主槽弯曲分形维数呈正相关指数型函数关系，与河相系数、深泓点高程和河段平均底坡分形维数负相关，与水深-面积分形维数正相关，总体表明冰坝灾害更易发生于主槽偏移摆动大、蜿蜒曲折、河湾发育程度高的宽浅型弯曲河道，研究成果可为凌汛期冰塞冰坝灾害易发河段诊断及预测提供重要理论依据。     

江淮丘陵区马槽河流域污染源调查分析及治理建议

随着区域城市人口增加和人民生活水平提高，江淮丘陵区中小河流水环境污染问题日益突出，成为区域社会经济发展的主要制约因素之一。本文以位于江淮丘陵区马槽河流域为研究对象，通过资料收集、问卷调查、实地勘察等手段，查明该地区入河污染物指标 COD、氨氮、TN、TP 主要贡献因素及占比，其中生活污染（51%，40%，54%，28%）、面源污染(6%，38%，9%，42%)、畜禽养殖（39%，15%，17%，25%）三类型贡献占比 90%以上，内源污染和水产养殖较少。针对污染源调查结果特征，提出镇区管网完善、农村分散处理、畜禽粪污处理、养殖废水农田消纳、污染缓冲带设置、径流拦截与再利用、河流生态化改造等治理建议，可为今后中小河流污染源调查与治理提供借鉴。     

基于熵权物元模型的长三角幸福河层次评价

将幸福河概念与长江三角洲区域一体化发展战略相结合，基于自然、人类社会、人水关系3个系统构建了包含24个指标的长三角幸福河层次评价指标体系；引入需求层次理论，以基础Ⅰ层次、基础Ⅱ层次、提升Ⅰ层次、提升Ⅱ层次、幸福层次5个层次作为幸福河的层次评价等级，运用熵权物元模型，建立了长三角幸福河层次评价模型，并对2018年长三角三省一市幸福河层次等级进行了评价。结果表明，三省一市均处于转化中的中间状态，其中江苏省向提升Ⅰ层次转化，浙江省、安徽省向提升Ⅱ层次转化，上海市向幸福层次转化，说明区域整体幸福河层次处于较高水平，但稳定性较差。     

贵州北盘江增殖放流效果评价

为了评估北盘江鱼类增殖放流效果,2017~2018年期间采用体外荧光、剪鳍、"T"型标三种标志方法对目标鱼类进行标志放流,通过集中捕捞方式进行回捕调查,集中捕捞时间为2017年7月、2018年8月,捕捞水域为董菁-马马崖-光照-善泥坡库区。结果表明,白甲鱼回捕率较高,为0.82%,其他鱼类均在0.5%左右,其中主要为低龄鱼类,高龄鱼类较少;董菁打邦河及各库尾水域物种丰富度较高,善泥坡高家渡码头和马马崖库区试验库尾物种多样性指数相对较低。建议在以后的增殖放流活动中,加大每年的监测频次。     

THE OLIGOCENE–MIOCENE MENILITE FORMATION IN THE UKRAINIAN CARPATHIANS: A WORLD‐CLASS SOURCE ROCK

This study investigates the hydrocarbon potential of Oligocene–Miocene shales in the Menilite Formation, the main source rock in the Ukrainian Carpathians. The study is based on the analysis of 233 samples collected from outcrops along the Chechva River in western Ukraine in order to analyse bulk parameters (TOC, Rock‐Eval), biomarkers and maceral composition. In Ukraine, the Menilite Formation is conventionally divided into Lower (Lower Oligocene), Middle (Upper Oligocene) and Upper (Lower Miocene) Members. The Early Oligocene and Early Miocene ages of the lower and upper members are confirmed by new nannoplankton data. The Lower Menilite Member is approximately 330 m thick in the study area and contains numerous chert beds and turbidite sandstones in its lower part together with organic‐rich black shales. The shales have a high content of silica which was probably derived from siliceous micro‐organisms. The TOC content of the shales frequently exceeds 20 wt.% and averages 9.76 wt.%. HI values range between 600 and 300 mgHC/gTOC (max. 800 mgHC/gTOC). The Middle Member contains thin black shale intervals but was not studied in detail. The Upper Member is about 1300 m thick in the study area and is composed mainly of organic‐rich shales. Chert layers are present near the base of the Member, and a prominent tuff horizon in the upper part represents a volcanic phase during shale deposition. The member grades into overlying molasse sediments. The average TOC content of the Upper Menilite succession is 5.17 wt.% but exceeds 20 wt.% near its base. Low T_max and vitrinite reflectance measurements for the Lower (419°C and 0.24–0.34 %R_r, respectively) and Upper (425°C and 0.26–0.32 %R_r, respectively) Menilite Member successions indicate thermal immaturity. Biomarker and maceral data suggest a dominantly marine (Type II) organic matter input mixed with varying amounts of land‐plant derived material, and indicate varying redox and salinity conditions during deposition. Determination of the Source Potential Index (SPI) shows that the Menilite Formation in the study area has the potential to generate up to 74.5 tons of hydrocarbons per m². The Chechva River outcrops therefore appear to have a significantly higher generation potential than other source rocks in the Paratethys realm. These very high SPI values for the Menilite Formation may explain why a relatively small area in Ukraine hosts about 70% of the known hydrocarbon reserves in the northern and eastern Carpathian fold‐thrust belt.     

Effects of SiC,Al2O3, and ZrO2 particles on the LBMed characteristics of Al/SiC,Al/Al2O3, and Al/ZrO2 MMCs prepared by stir casting process

The effects of SiC, Al₂O₃, and ZrO₂ particles on the characteristics of Al/SiC, Al/Al₂O₃, and Al/ZrO₂ metal matrix composites (MMCs) have been studied in the present research work. The comparison of machining characteristics has been done to analyze the behavior of various reinforced particles with the variation of laser machining variables. The output characteristics such as dross height and kerf deviation have been investigated and compared with each MMCs. SEM and XRD have been used for the investigation of morphological changes in the structure and agglomeration of reinforced particles. The crack and recast layer formation has been examined in the specimens of higher quantity of reinforced particles. It was observed that the MMC material reinforced with SiC particles has shown different behavior as compared to other MMC materials.