沙棘籽生物炭对苯酚的吸附特性研究

为促进沙棘籽的资源化利用,以沙棘籽为原材料,采用慢速热解技术分别于300、400、500℃条件下制备生物炭吸附剂(BC300、BC400、BC500),研究其去除水中苯酚的效果。吸附实验结果表明,生物炭的制备温度明显影响其对苯酚的吸附效果,3种温度制备的生物炭对苯酚的吸附能力表现为BC500BC400BC300。苯酚的初始浓度、吸附温度、时间等因素均影响吸附效果。45℃下苯酚初始浓度为20mg/L时,BC500对苯酚的去除率最高,达92.1%,生物炭对苯酚的等温吸附线符合Langmuir模式和Freundlich模式。探明了沙棘籽制备生物炭吸附剂及其去除苯酚的最适条件,可为沙棘籽应用于苯酚等有机污染物的去除提供理论依据。     

污泥生物炭中氮硫行为及环境效应研究进展

污泥生物炭中氮硫元素含量高，其氮硫行为和环境效应对全球气候变化的影响不容忽视。以往的研究中，研究者往往以富碳生物炭作为主要研究对象，关注碳对全球气候变化的行为和功效，而对氮硫元素的作用关注不够。本文从原始污泥基本性质到其热解过程，再到生物炭的老化，逐步对污泥生物炭整个生命周期内氮硫的行为及其环境效应研究进行综述，并对未来应注重开展的研究方向进行展望，为生物炭中氮硫元素固定、释放及与之关联的环境效应和温室气体排放控制研究提供理论基础。分析表明，污泥中氮元素含量普遍高于硫元素，且热解过程中氮比硫更容易转移至气相产物。氮硫元素随热解温度的增加，在三相产物中的分配都是炭中持续减少，油中先增后减，气中一直增加。高温（＞800℃）条件下，气相中的氮含量高于固相，而硫元素则仍然主要存在于固相中。污泥生物炭老化及其环境效应研究表明，污泥生物炭氮硫元素与土壤的相互作用及其温室效应问题在今后的研究中应引起重视。     

污泥基生物炭处理酸性含U(Ⅵ)废水的效能与机理

通过城市污泥（SS）慢速热解制备污泥基生物炭（SSB），并研究初始pH、投加量、共存离子、吸附时间和温度等因素对SSB去除U(Ⅵ)的影响，探讨吸附动力学和吸附等温线特征。通过元素分析、扫描电镜（SEM）、傅里叶红外光谱（FTIR）、X射线衍射（XRD）和X射线光电子能谱（XPS）分析U(Ⅵ)吸附去除的机理。结果表明SSB去除U(Ⅵ)的适宜条件为：pH=3、投加量1 g/L、吸附时间240 min；在此条件下，在温度30℃时最大吸附量为34.51 mg/g。吸附动力学符合拟二级动力学模型；Langmuir吸附等温模型能更好描述生物炭对U(Ⅵ)的吸附行为。U(Ⅵ)吸附去除机理主要包括静电作用，与Si—O—Si的n-π相互作用，与羟基（—OH）、羧基（—COOH）的配位络合。通过5次吸附-解吸试验发现，U(Ⅵ)去除率和SSB再生率均在80%以上。本研究表明污泥基生物炭具备处理与修复酸性含U(Ⅵ)废水污染的潜力。     

The study of optimal parameters of oxygen-enriched combustion in fluidized bed with optimal torrefied woody waste

The study explored the oxygen-enriched combustion behavior of torrefied waste wood pellets in a fluidized bed. For biomass torrefaction, three indexes, namely energy yield index (EY), proximate analysis-based index (PA), and effective comprehensive combustion index (S_mix), are used to present the optimal conditions from each viewpoint. Four operating parameters, incorporating torrefaction temperature, residence time and nitrogen flow rate, were taken into consideration in this study. The signal-to-noise ratios of each parameter were evaluated to examine the influencing impact of different factors. The optimal results were employed in the investigation of biochar combustion using a laboratory-scale fluidized-bed reactor with oxygen lancing. Oxygen was injected into different zones of the fluidized bed to investigate its influence on combustion efficiency. The parameters of biochar combustion optimization include torrefied materials, fluidized-bed temperature, oxygen inlet position, and oxygen concentration. The total fluidized-bed efficiency and the volatile combustion ratio were evaluated.     

Characteristics of as-prepared biochar derived from catalytic pyrolysis within moderate-temperature ionic liquid for CO2 uptake

A promising biochar as solid adsorbent for CO₂ uptake was prepared by the catalytic pyrolysis of coconut shell in moderate-temperature ionic liquid (IL). Then, it was characterized by means of SEM, EDS, BPEA, BET, NLDFT, FTIR, and TG-DSC, and a mechanism interpretation of the porous biochar formation was conducted. In addition, the adsorption characteristics of CO₂ on the as-prepared biochar, such as adsorption capacity, adsorption potential, isosteric heat, and static selectivity at different adsorption temperatures and pressures, were systematically evaluated. The results indicated that the as-prepared biochar exhibited an adequate CO₂ adsorption with a capacity of 4.5 mmol/g at 273 K and 100 kPa. Then, a significant number of slit-like pores were revealed to exist on the as-prepared biochar with a peak pore size between a range of 0.6 nm-2 nm. The porous structure formation was ascribed to the release of carbon-, hydrogen-, oxygen-, sulphur-, and nitrogen-containing compounds during biochar preparation. Meanwhile, both the adsorption potential and isosteric heat of the CO₂ uptake under the tested conditions decreased with an increase in the adsorption capacity, which ranged from 33 kJ/mol-21 kJ/mol and 23 kJ/mol-7 kJ/mol, respectively. Therefore, the isosteric heat could be considered as a piecewise function of adsorption capacity. In addition, the molar ratios of CO₂ over N₂ adsorbed under the tested conditions were above 11 and were accompanied by molar ratio peaks of 26 at 273 K and 19 at 298 K, respectively. Moreover, an interesting phenomenon occurred: the static adsorptive selectivity of CO₂ over N₂ first increased and then decreased and there was an increase in the adsorption pressure at the tested adsorption temperatures.     

磁性生物炭非均相类Fenton体系去除水中四环素

采用先浸渍后热解的方法制备了磁性生物炭材料,并使用XRD、XPS、VSM对制备的材料进行了表征。结果表明,制备的磁性生物炭主要的活性物质为γ-Fe2O3。采用磁性生物炭非均相类Fenton体系处理水中四环素(TC),当初始TC质量浓度为200 mg/L,pH=7,H2O2投加量为19.8 mmol/L,磁性生物炭投加量为3 g/L时,处理效果最佳。加入抗坏血酸可以加速铁循环过程,明显改善·OH的生成,进而增强了TC去除率。     

废弃菌棒生物炭对土壤中镉和铅的固持和植物吸收性的影响

以废弃菌棒为原料，在 300，500，800 ℃ 缺氧条件下制备菌棒生物炭，结合扫描电镜（SEM）和红外光谱（FTIR）等表征手段，分析热解温度对生物炭性质的影响。将制备的生物炭添加到受到镉（Cd）和铅（Pb）污染的土壤中，探究菌棒生物炭对土壤中Cd和Pb的固定效果，并用盆栽方式评估添加菌棒生物炭对油菜体内重金属含量的影响。结果表明:随热裂解温度的升高，菌棒生物炭的颗粒逐渐变小，空隙逐渐变大，有利于对重金属离子的吸附。高温热解的菌棒生物炭比低温热解的菌棒生物炭碱性物质多，对土壤 pH 值的提升作用更为显著。油菜盆栽实验表明，生物炭可有效降低有效磷的渗流损失，增加了植物的可利用性。800 ℃热解下得到的生物炭对土壤中Cd和Pb固定效果最好，土壤中总Cd和总Pb的损失分别仅为6.5%和18.5%。而500 ℃热解下得到的生物炭的效果最差。另外，生物炭对Cd的固定效果显著高于对Pb的固定效果。同时与对照值（CK） 相比，生物炭可使油菜中的Cd和Pb的含量都显著降低90%以上。菌棒生物炭对重金属Cd和Pb污染土壤具有良好的钝化修复效果。     

生物炭吸附去除水中有机污染物的研究进展

生物炭由于具有发达的孔隙结构以及表面富含多种官能团,对各种污染物均具有良好的吸附性能,因此被广泛应用于土壤污染修复和水体净化等领域,其中采用生物炭吸附去除水体中有机污染物成为近年来的研究热点之一。主要从生物炭材料的制备及吸附水中有机污染物的应用、吸附机制、影响因素等几个方面进行了综述,并对生物炭吸附的未来研究方向进行了初步探讨。