非常规气藏储层改造体积评价方法研究

为精确描述非常规气藏压裂后的复杂流动特征及定量评价储层改造体积（SRV），利用自主研发的缝网重构算法“破裂树生长法”建立压后缝网模型，并以此为基础提出了使用拟稳态流动时特定的压力等值线来确定SRV范围的定量评价方法，最后以长宁201井区为例进行了矿场实例分析。该方法根据微地震监测点的位置，重构出微裂缝网的连通关系。在复杂微裂缝网的基础上建立离散裂缝地质模型并进行生产数值模拟，根据数值模拟结果的压力分布精确划定SRV的范围。利用该方法计算出长宁201井区的SRV体积为0.052 1 km3，以该缝网模型的数值模拟产量预测结果符合实际生产规律，方法实用性较好。     

钢混结构大型厂房整体式爆破拆除

采用整体式控制爆破拆除方案对华电扬州电厂钢筋混凝土框-排架结构厂房进行了爆破拆除。爆破前,对汽机房、厂房外墙和楼梯进行了预处理。将厂房划分为3个爆区,采用非电多回路网格式爆破网路,依靠东侧锅炉房倒塌施加在西侧锅炉房上的倾覆力矩,有效地克服了西侧锅炉房向西倒的难题,可为同类工程提供一定的参考。     

煤峪口矿81010工作面煤层底板裂隙发育特征及防治

针对煤炭开采过程中出现的突水事故,采用RFPA数值模拟软件建立采动模型,对底板裂隙破断过程和声发射进行模拟,研究煤层底板采动裂隙扩展突水通道,结果表明:离断层越近,断层内水压导升高度越高,断层出现活化,裂隙扩展发育,最终贯通形成导水通道,在进行注浆改造后,单个钻孔的最大涌水量为8 m³/h,说明注浆加固防治水效果较好,能确保工作面的安全回采。     

C105管桩混凝土设计参数取值的探讨

通过试验得出了C105混凝土100 mm×100 mm×100 mm立方体非标准试件抗压强度换算系数以及C105混凝土的标准方差和强度变异系数。采用理论计算,得到了棱柱体抗压强度与立方体抗压强度的比值α_c1,并与试验实测平均值进行了比较,验证了理论计算方法的可行性。此外,通过对比分析,探讨了直接外延法和引用公式法两种C105混凝土设计参数计算方法的正确性,研究结果可为C105管桩混凝土的设计和应用提供参考。     

混凝土结构的压电声波检测分析

本文介绍了混凝土结构的压电体波和表面波检测的主要进展,对两种压电声波检测的优缺点进行了总结。体波检测设备一般埋入混凝土内部,需要选择合理的检测部位,检测结果较为精确;声表面波检测无需选择特定的部位,但是检测深度有限。在实际检测工作过程中,可以联合两种方法相互验证。     

Dense and core-rim structured B4C-TiB2 ceramics with Mo-Co-WC additive

B₄C-TiB₂ ceramics (TiB₂ ranging 5~70 vol%) with Mo-Co-WC as the sintering additive were prepared by spark plasma sintering. In comparison with B₄C-TiB₂ without additive, the enhanced densification was evident in the sintered specimen with Mo-Co-WC additive. Core-rim structured grain was observed around TiB₂ grains. The interface of the rim between TiB₂ and B₄C phases demonstrated different feature: the inner borderline of the rim exhibited a smooth feature, whereas a sharp curved grain boundary was observed between the rim and the B₄C grain. The formation mechanism is discussed: the epitaxial growth of (Ti,Mo,W)B₂ rim around the TiB₂ core may occur as a result of the solid solution and dissolution-precipitation between TiB₂ phase and the sintering additive. It was revealed that the fracture toughness increased as the content of TiB₂ content increased, alongside the decreased hardness. B₄C-30 vol% TiB₂ specimen demonstrated the optimal combination of mechanical properties, reaching Vickers hardness of 24.3 GPa and fracture toughness of 3.33 MPa·m^1/2.     

挤出型3D打印混凝土力学性能研究进展

介绍了3D打印混凝土的特点与前景,综述了挤出型工艺的3D打印混凝土的压、拉、折、剪基本力学性能以及增强措施。研究表明:打印层在喷嘴的挤压作用下密实度有所提高,但同时层间易形成薄弱界面,造成性能的各向异性,通过调整胶凝材料、掺入纤维、优化工艺、水浴养护、布筋等措施能有效改善。此外,提出了还需进一步研究的问题。     

钢管混凝土支架在金川矿山深部巷道支护中的研究与应用

随着金川矿山开采深度的增加及开采范围的进一步扩大,其复杂的工程地质条件、高地应力、采动等不利因素的影响越来突出,现有的喷锚网支护、U型钢拱架支护、钢筋砼及注浆支护也在不断地优化组合,"先柔后钢,先让后抗"的支护原则再做进一步的探讨。巷道支护难度大;维护成本高;返修率和返修费用居高不下,严重影响着施工进度。本文主要叙述了深部围岩条件下钢管混凝土梁支护技术措施,对相关支护参数分析探讨,提出了钢管混凝土梁在确保深部巷道支护中的积极作用,以满足矿山深部巷道的开拓支护需求。     

碳酸性侵蚀与AAR作用下纳米混凝土的耐久性

地铁混凝土处于地下空间,容易受到地下水的碳酸性侵蚀；碱集料反应 (AAR)是一种严重的混凝土耐久性问题,既难以发现又难以修补,由两者共同作用引起的混凝土耐久性降低严重影响地铁隧道的正常使用.为研究纳米材料对地铁混凝土在碳酸性侵蚀和AAR共同作用下耐久性的影响,在普通混凝土中掺入适量纳米SiO₂和纳米Fe₂O₃,利用自行研制的碳酸性侵蚀试验箱进行试验,采用碳酸性侵蚀深度、膨胀率和声速作为测试指标来评价纳米混凝土在碳酸性侵蚀和AAR共同作用下的耐久性.试验结果表明:掺入纳米颗粒后,混凝土的膨胀率和侵蚀深度有了明显降低,而声速有了明显提升,说明纳米混凝土的耐久性优于普通混凝土；在182 d龄期时,掺量为2%的纳米SiO₂混凝土耐久性改善最明显,侵蚀深度和膨胀率最小,声速最大且声速下降幅度最小；其次是掺量为1%的纳米Fe₂O₃混凝土.由于纳米颗粒特殊的物理化学性质,改善了混凝土内部的微观结构和孔溶液的化学组成,使碳酸性侵蚀和碱集料反应共同作用下混凝土的耐久性得到了提高.     

Interleukin-1β Modulation of the Mechanobiology of Primary Human Pulmonary Fibroblasts: Potential Implications in Lung Repair

Pro-inflammatory cytokines like interleukin-1β (IL-1β) are upregulated during early responses to tissue damage and are expected to transiently compromise the mechanical microenvironment. Fibroblasts are key regulators of tissue mechanics in the lungs and other organs. However, the effects of IL-1β on fibroblast mechanics and functions remain unclear. Here we treated human pulmonary fibroblasts from control donors with IL-1β and used Atomic Force Microscopy to unveil that IL-1β significantly reduces the stiffness of fibroblasts concomitantly with a downregulation of filamentous actin (F-actin) and alpha-smooth muscle (α-SMA). Likewise, COL1A1 mRNA was reduced, whereas that of collagenases MMP1 and MMP2 were upregulated, favoring a reduction of type-I collagen. These mechanobiology changes were functionally associated with reduced proliferation and enhanced migration upon IL-1β stimulation, which could facilitate lung repair by drawing fibroblasts to sites of tissue damage. Our observations reveal that IL-1β may reduce local tissue rigidity by acting both intracellularly and extracellularly through the downregulation of fibroblast contractility and type I collagen deposition, respectively. These IL-1β-dependent mechanical effects may enhance lung repair further by locally increasing pulmonary tissue compliance to preserve normal lung distension and function. Moreover, our results support that IL-1β provides innate anti-fibrotic protection that may be relevant during the early stages of lung repair.