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1.
Li-Xiang Wu Lin-Lin Zhu Yang You Rui-Lin Lin Qing-Qing Liu Wei-Ming Guo Hua-Tay Lin Kevin Paul Plucknett 《Ceramics International》2021,47(1):935-942
Dense pressure-sintered reaction-bonded Si3N4 (PSRBSN) ceramics were obtained by a hot-press sintering method. Precursor Si powders were prepared with Eu2O3–MgO–Y2O3 sintering additive. The addition of Eu2O3–MgO–Y2O3 was shown to promote full nitridation of the Si powder. The nitrided Si3N4 particles had an equiaxial morphology, without whisker formation, after the Si powders doped with Eu2O3–MgO–Y2O3 were nitrided at 1400 °C for 2 h. After hot pressing, the relative density, Vickers hardness, flexural strength, and fracture toughness of the PSRBSN ceramics, with 5 wt% Eu2O3 doping, were 98.3 ± 0.2%, 17.8 ± 0.8 GPa, 697.0 ± 67.0 MPa, and 7.3 ± 0.3 MPa m1/2, respectively. The thermal conductivity was 73.6 ± 0.2 W m?1 K?1, significantly higher than the counterpart without Eu2O3 doping, or with ZrO2 doping by conventional methods. 相似文献
2.
Artificial domestication and improvement of the majority of crops began approximately 10,000 years ago, in different parts of the world, to achieve high productivity, good quality, and widespread adaptability. It was initiated from a phenotype-based selection by local farmers and developed to current biotechnology-based breeding to feed over 7 billion people. For most cereal crops, yield relates to grain production, which could be enhanced by increasing grain number and weight. Grain number is typically determined during inflorescence development. Many mutants and genes for inflorescence development have already been characterized in cereal crops. Therefore, optimization of such genes could fine-tune yield-related traits, such as grain number. With the rapidly advancing genome-editing technologies and understanding of yield-related traits, knowledge-driven breeding by design is becoming a reality. This review introduces knowledge about inflorescence yield-related traits in cereal crops, focusing on rice, maize, and wheat. Next, emerging genome-editing technologies and recent studies that apply this technology to engineer crop yield improvement by targeting inflorescence development are reviewed. These approaches promise to usher in a new era of breeding practice. 相似文献
3.
药物相互作用改变了剂量效应关系,可能会降低疗效或增加毒性,是临床应用中合并用药治疗时重要的考虑因素。预测具有临床意义的药物相互作用是药物研发过程中获益风险评估的重要环节。本文概述了药物研发过程中药物相互作用研究的目的和意义,体内和体外研究的主要内容;梳理分析了2020年国家药品监督管理局(National Medical Products Administration, NMPA)和美国食品药品监督管理局(Food and Drug Administration, FDA)批准上市的新药药物相互作用研究情况,旨在为我国药物研发过程中药物相互作用研究及其监管审评提供参考。 相似文献
4.
Matrix Manipulation of Directly-Synthesized PbS Quantum Dot Inks Enabled by Coordination Engineering
Fei Li Yang Liu Guozheng Shi Wei Chen Renjun Guo Dong Liu Yaohong Zhang Yongjie Wang Xing Meng Xuliang Zhang You Lv Wei Deng Qing Zhang Yao Shi Yifan Chen Kai Wang Qing Shen Zeke Liu Peter Müller-Buschbaum Wanli Ma 《Advanced functional materials》2021,31(45):2104457
The direct-synthesis of conductive PbS quantum dot (QD) ink is facile, scalable, and low-cost, boosting the future commercialization of optoelectronics based on colloidal QDs. However, manipulating the QD matrix structures still is a challenge, which limits the corresponding QD solar cell performance. Here, for the first time a coordination-engineering strategy to finely adjust the matrix thickness around the QDs is presented, in which halogen salts are introduced into the reaction to convert the excessive insulating lead iodide into soluble iodoplumbate species. As a result, the obtained QD film exhibits shrunk insulating shells, leading to higher charge carrier transport and superior surface passivation compared to the control devices. A significantly improved power-conversion efficiency from 10.52% to 12.12% can be achieved after the matrix engineering. Therefore, the work shows high significance in promoting the practical application of directly synthesized PbS QD inks in large-area low-cost optoelectronic devices. 相似文献
5.
碳达峰、碳中和目标是党中央国务院审时度势提出的重大战略决策,是我国能源行业革命性的变革,将对全球能源供需格局产生深远影响,为我国能源矿产未来发展指明了方向。我国作为世界最大的能源生产国和消费国,煤炭资源丰富,石油、天然气、铀等能源矿产自主供应能力不足,未来较长时间内能源矿产在我国一次能源消费中仍居主导地位。受资源禀赋、工业化发展阶段和以煤为主的能源消费结构等因素影响,我国承诺实现碳中和的目标和发达国家相比面临的挑战更加艰巨。本文通过梳理我国能源矿产发展现状,碳达峰、碳中和目标背景下初步预测2030年前我国化石能源消费将达到峰值45亿t标准煤左右,2060年非化石能源消费将占我国一次能源消费的85%左右。通过展望煤炭、石油、天然气等能源矿产的发展方向,从三个方面提出了相关政策建议:一是加强国内能源矿产发展利用的顶层设计;二是大力提升国内油气资源自主供应能力;三是处理好碳达峰、碳中和目标约束与能源安全保障的关系。 相似文献
6.
7.
Verena B. K. Kunig Dr. Marco Potowski Dr. Mateja Klika Škopić Dr. Andreas Brunschweiger 《ChemMedChem》2021,16(7):1048-1062
Understanding the ligandability of a target protein, defined as the capability of a protein to bind drug-like compounds on any site, can give important stimuli to drug-development projects. For instance, inhibition of protein–protein interactions usually depends on the identification of protein surface binders. DNA-encoded chemical libraries (DELs) allow scanning of protein surfaces with large chemical space. Encoded library selection screens uncovered several protein–protein interaction inhibitors and compounds binding to the surface of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and kinases. The protein surface-binding chemotypes from DELs are predominantly chemically modified and cyclized peptides, and functional small-molecule peptidomimetics. Peptoid libraries and structural peptidomimetics have been less studied in the DEL field, hinting at hitherto less populated chemical space and suggesting alternative library designs. Roughly a third of bioactive molecules evolved from smaller, target-focused libraries. They showcase the potential of encoded libraries to identify more potent molecules from weak, for example, fragment-like, starting points. 相似文献
8.
鲁能文昌山海天精品酒店为多层框架结构,由于使用要求需进行移位,移位施工采用SPMT拖车进行,为目前国内最大的拖车移位工程。介绍了该建筑移位方案的比选、路线的确定、托换结构、移位道路及连接设计。在托换结构设计中,采用固定反力和弱弹簧模拟车轴反力,采用等刚度钢梁模拟车架,进行了SPMT拖车与上部结构协同受力分析,研究了移位运输过程中车架与托换结构的受力性能;移位道路的坡度设计需根据建筑物的倾斜率控制限值与车辆的液压补偿行程量来确定;连接设计采用隔震连接,给出了连接的构造处理措施;同时给出了施工中应变、频率、加速度及整体倾斜的监测结果。工程实践表明,框架结构建筑物采用拖车移位,应考虑车辆与上部结构的协同受力,在合理设计、精细施工的前提下,采用拖车移位可保证结构安全。 相似文献
9.
从发电原理和平准化度电成本角度来看,光伏是未来最有发展潜力的新能源利用方式。作为光伏发电系统的关键设备之一,至少需要从成本和可靠性两个维度来理解跟踪支架产品的特点。文章根据现有支架行业主流企业的产品特点,对跟踪支架的发展趋势进行预测。 相似文献