出口直径对内混式空气雾化喷嘴雾化特性及降尘性能的影响

为了掌握喷嘴出口直径对气水喷雾降尘的影响,基于自行设计的气水喷雾降尘实验平台,对不同出口直径的空气雾化喷嘴流量、雾化特性及降尘性能进行了实测,并对实验结果作对比分析。研究结果表明:随着出口直径的增加,喷嘴耗水量几乎保持线性增长,而耗气量呈现指数增长的变化趋势;喷雾射程和雾滴体积分数均随着出口直径的增大不断增大,而雾化角先增大后减小;出口直径为2. 0 mm的喷嘴雾化质量最好,所形成的雾滴索太尔平均直径D[3,2]最小,且雾滴粒径呈现正态分布,雾滴尺寸较为集中;雾滴速度沿喷嘴轴线方向不断衰减,且喷嘴直径越大雾滴速度衰减越缓慢;随着喷嘴直径的增加,雾滴速度呈现先增大后减小的变化规律;全尘和呼吸性粉尘降尘效率随着喷嘴出口直径的增加均有所提高,但增幅较小;综合考虑喷嘴降尘性能、耗水量和耗气量等因素,在采掘作业场所进行气水喷雾降尘时,选择出口直径为2. 0～3. 0 mm的空气雾化喷嘴较为合适。     

Shape optimization of bi-directional flow passage components based on a genetic algorithm and computational fluid dynamics

The inlet/outlet is an important part of a water conveyance system in a pumped storage power station (PSPS). Its hydraulic characteristics are directly related to the operation and economic benefit of the PSPS. Frequent changes between inflow and outflow operations pose significant challenges in the design of the inlet/outlet diffusion segment shape. In this study, an effective optimization method, including three-dimensional parametric modelling, computational fluid dynamics and a genetic algorithm, is introduced and coupled to the design of the diffusion segment shape. The hydraulic characteristics of bi-directional flow, including the head loss, velocity uneven distribution and uneven discharge distribution, are selected as the objective function in the optimization method. Using this method, the recommended shape of the inlet/outlet is studied and its hydraulic characteristics are discussed. The results indicate that the optimized inlet/outlet has better performance.     

The control of paracetamol particle size and surface morphology through crystallisation in a spray dryer

The parameters governing the crystallisation of paracetamol using various conventional techniques has been extensively studied, however the factors influencing the drug crystallisation using spray drying is not as well understood. The aim of this work was to investigate the crystallisation of an active pharmaceutical ingredient through evaporative crystallisation using a spray dryer to study the physicochemical properties of the drug and to use semi-empirical equations to gain insight into the morphology and particle size of the dried powder. Paracetamol solutions were spray dried at various inlet temperatures ranging from 60 °C to 120 °C and also from a series of inlet feed solvent compositions ranging from 50/50% v/v ethanol/water to 100% ethanol and solid-state characterisation was done. The size and morphology of the dried materials were altered with a change in spray drying parameters, with an increase in inlet temperature leading to an increase in particle Sauter mean diameter (from 3.0 to 4.4 µm) and a decrease in the particle size with an increase in ethanol concentration in the feed (from 4.6 to 4.4 µm) as a result of changes in particle density and atomised droplet size. The morphology of the dried particles consisted of agglomerates of individual crystallites bound together into larger semi-spherical agglomerates with a higher tendency for particles having crystalline ridges to form at higher ethanol concentrations of the feed.     

缓冷出口温度对连续退火SPCC冷轧薄板屈服强度的影响

研究了缓冷出口温度对连续退火SPCC冷轧薄板组织和屈服强度的影响。结果表明:连续退火SPCC冷轧薄板的组织由等轴的铁素体晶粒和晶界处的块状渗碳体及晶粒内的颗粒状渗碳体组成。随着缓冷出口温度从680 ℃提高至700 ℃,平均晶粒尺寸从10.1 μm增加至12.5 μm;此外,提高缓冷出口温度还能够抑制晶界处块状渗碳体的形成,促进晶粒内细小渗碳体更加细小弥散的析出。当缓冷出口温度从680 ℃提高至700 ℃时,冷轧薄板的屈服强度约降低了28 MPa。     

The Spatial Patterning of Alcohol Outlets in Post-Disaster Christchurch,New Zealand: Practical and Policy Implications

Natural disasters greatly impact the environment of affected societies with often unknown consequences. In this study we examine the impact that the Canterbury Earthquakes of 2010–2011 had on the distribution of alcohol outlets in Christchurch, New Zealand. Specifically, we compare the distribution of both on-site and off-site alcohol outlets pre- (December 2009) and post-earthquake (December 2014) and use spatial regression models to identify whether any neighbourhood-level factors predict the observed redistributions. Overall, the number of alcohol outlets decreased by almost 13% after the Canterbury Earthquakes. However, we found a moderate increase in the clustering of both outlet types of outlets in the post-quake period. Increases in rates of both on-site and off-site alcohol outlets in neighbourhoods were positively associated with the percentage of residents who resided in their neighbourhood < 5 years and with neighbourhood crime rate change, while negative associations were found with percentage population aged between 15 and 29 years. The results suggest that the changing spatial distribution of alcohol outlets in Christchurch was not random but driven, in part, by the emergent demographic composition of neighbourhoods. The significant practical and policy implications of a redistribution of alcohol outlets are outlined providing a tangible link between empirical research and practice in an urban environment plagued with post-disaster spatial and social uncertainties.     

回转窑人工智能专家系统的应用实践

根据水泥熟料煅烧过程操作控制原理研发的"回转窑人工智能专家系统"采用了人工智能模拟技术、实时数据清洗技术、控制数据关联匹配技术。该系统由分解炉出口温度自动控制系统、篦速自动控制系统和氨水用量自动控制系统三个模块组成。该系统投运后,分解炉出口温度控制有效率由之前人工控制的平均60%~70%提高至平均80%~95%;篦下压力和二次风温稳定性提高;氨水消耗量下降显著;窑系统投料量增加10 t/h左右,熟料标准煤耗降低2.85 kg/t,熟料强度均有提高。     

Effect of the Wet Outlet Geometry on the Shockwave Position in Supersonic Separators

Supersonic separators (3Ss) are applied in gas separation processes. Two-dimensional simulation is employed to investigate the effect of operational and thermophysical parameters on the shockwave position. In addition, the impact of the cyclonic part and wet outlet geometry is evaluated by proposing four cases. Increasing the length of the cyclonic part exerts positive and negative influences on the performance of the 3S and the pressure recovery coefficient, respectively. The optimum length is determined between 10 and 15 cm. To demonstrate negative effects of wasted air from the wet outlet, its flow has been increased from 3.6 to 8.1 % of the inlet flow. Improved performance of the 3S is obtained by reducing the flow disturbances around the wet outlet and moving the shockwave towards the outlet.     

Elp3 modulates neural crest and colorectal cancer migration requiring functional integrity of HAT and SAM domains

Cell migration is a finely tuned biological process that often involves epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT is typically characterized by the upregulation of mesenchymal markers such as Snail1. This process has been shown to be of critical importance to normal developmental processes, including neural crest migration and invasion. Interestingly, similar mechanisms are utilized in disease processes, such as tumor metastasis and migration. Notably, EMT and EMT-like processes confer tumor cells with the ability to migrate, invade, and adopt stem cell-like properties that largely account for immunosuppression and tumor recurrence. Therefore, identifying sensitive EMT markers may contribute to cancer prognosis and diagnosis in many facets. Previously, we showed that Elp3 plays an essential role during neural crest migration by stabilizing Snail1. In the current study, we further elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying colorectal cancer migration. We found that mElp3 exerted an identical function to xElp3 in modulating neural crest migration, and both HAT and SAM domains are imperative during this migratory process. Interestingly, overexpression of mElp3 in SW480 cells promoted cell migration and invasion, and we further showed that Elp3 stabilized Snail1 requiring integrity of both SAM and HAT domains. Our findings warrant further exploration of the specific target of Elp3 in cancer cells.     

Performance evaluation of a solarized gas turbine system integrated to a high temperature electrolyzer for hydrogen production

In this paper, the performance of a solar gas turbine (SGT) system integrated to a high temperature electrolyzer (HTE) to generate hybrid electrical power and hydrogen fuel is analyzed. The idea behind this design is to mitigate the losses in the electrical power transmission and use the enthalpy of exhaust gases released from the gas turbine (GT) to make steam for the HTE. In this context, a GT system is coupled with a solar tower including heliostat solar field and central receiver to generate electrical power. To make steam for the HTE, a flameless boiler is integrated to the SGT system applying the SGT extremely high temperature exhaust gases as the oxidizer. The results indicate that by increasing the solar receiver outlet temperature from 800 K to 1300 K, the solar share increases from 22.1% to 42.38% and the overall fuel consumption of the plant reduces from 7 kg/s to 2.7 kg/s. Furthermore, flameless mode is achievable in the boiler while the turbine inlet temperature (TIT) is maintained at the temperatures higher than 1314 K. Using constant amounts of the SGT electrical power, the HTE voltage decreases by enhancing the HTE steam temperature which result in the augmentation of the overall hydrogen production. To increase the HTE steam temperature from 950 K to 1350 K, the rate of fuel consumption in the flameless boiler increases from 0.1 m/s to 0.8 m/s; however, since the HTE hydrogen production increases from 4.24 mol/s to 16 mol/s it can be interpreted that the higher steam temperatures would be affordable. The presented hybrid system in this paper can be employed to perform more thermochemical analyses to achieve insightful understanding of the hybrid electrical power-hydrogen production systems.     

提高φ3.2×3.1m格子型球磨机处理量节能降耗的试验研究

在矿石硬度、给矿粒度、钢球配比、磨矿浓度及溢流细度等参数相同的条件下，通过增加钢球装填量和缩小出料口进行提高磨机处理量的试验研究。试验表明，适当缩小出料口，处理量明显增加，而钢球消耗和负荷确明显减少和降低。