Back to the Origins: Background and Perspectives of Grapevine Domestication

Domestication is a process of selection driven by humans, transforming wild progenitors into domesticated crops. The grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.), besides being one of the most extensively cultivated fruit trees in the world, is also a fascinating subject for evolutionary studies. The domestication process started in the Near East and the varieties obtained were successively spread and cultivated in different areas. Whether the domestication occurred only once, or whether successive domestication events occurred independently, is a highly debated mystery. Moreover, introgression events, breeding and intense trade in the Mediterranean basin have followed, in the last thousands of years, obfuscating the genetic relationships. Although a succession of studies has been carried out to explore grapevine origin and different evolution models are proposed, an overview of the topic remains pending. We review here the findings obtained in the main phylogenetic and genomic studies proposed in the last two decades, to clarify the fundamental questions regarding where, when and how many times grapevine domestication took place. Finally, we argue that the realization of the pan-genome of grapes could be a useful resource to discover and track the changes which have occurred in the genomes and to improve our understanding about the domestication.     

宝钢厚板厂剪切线优化剪切模型的应用

概述了宝钢厚板厂剪切线的主要设备配置和优化剪切数学模型的控制功能,着重探讨了切头剪数学模型的实现条件和计算模式.宝钢厚板厂剪切线利用钢板平面形状检测仪(PSG)检测数据及轧制钢板中成品子板的分配计划,通过模型在线计算实现了切头剪剪切位置自动设定.模型综合考虑了设备限制、镰刀弯、钢板温度、钢板边部鼓肚量等限制条件,介绍了切头尾长度计算、轧制大板有效长度计算、分段粗切计算、来料超长或过短的处理方法等.     

脱硫石膏-秸秆新型复合墙体材料性能的研究

介绍了一种新开发的轻质墙体材料.这种墙体材料由脱硫石膏和秸秆按一定比例组合并掺入适量外加剂加水拌合而成.其质量轻(干密度仅为720 kg/m3),有足够的强度(1～3 d强度大于10 MPa,14 d强度大于20 MPa),耐久性好.脱硫石膏-秸秆复合料处于碱性环境下(浆液pH值=11),秸秆不易腐蚀,潮湿环境下也有较好的耐久性.由于脱硫石膏是电厂烟气脱硫的副产品,秸秆是收获果实后的废弃物,因此,新开发墙体材料的推广应用极有助于减轻或避免烟气中SO2和秸秆燃烧烟尘对大气的污染,以及对其它方面造成的损害.     

基于改进的SEBS模型的作物需水量研究--测试文章

为了探讨以蒸散发为基础的作物需水量情况，便于为农业生产提供数据支持，利用风云三号、风云二号气象卫星数据，结合自动站气象数据，基于改进的SEBS模型对山西省进行作物需水量研究。结果表明：通过与实测数据对比验证发现模型结果精度较高。山西省2012年3—9月全省日均作物需水量最大值出现在春季的5月份，为1.27 mm，其中，以单季作物为代表的晋东北和中西部日均作物需水量最大值均出现在5月，分别为1.05 mm和1.38 mm；以双季作物为代表的晋东南日均作物需水量最大值出现在5月和7月，分别为1.28 mm和1.23 mm。可见山西省作物需水量普遍以春季最大，其中尤以中西部突出，晋东北则相对最低。     

A rapid loop-mediated isothermal amplification method for detection of the modified GM cry1A gene in transgenic insect-resistant cotton and rice

Among the commercial genetically modified (GM) crops, the insect-resistant GM crops are the major cultivars that cry gene is introduced into. A cry1Ab/1Ac GM fusion gene (GFM cry1A) and a GM truncated cry1Ac gene (cry1Ac-Mon) is the key foreign gene employed for construction of GM crops by China researchers and Monsanto Technology LLC respectively. Here these two genes are entitled “GM cry1A” gene and a rapid visual loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay method for detection of GM cry1A in transgenic insect-resistant crops was established. The LAMP assay was performed at an optimal temperature of 65 °C for 60 min in the presence of a set of four specific primers recognized six distinct sequences of the GM cry1A gene. The rough detection limit to the GM cry1A in samples is as low as 0.01% (a weight ratio of transgenic insect-resistant rice/cotton to non-transgenic rice/cotton). Comparatively, the sensitivity of this LAMP method is 10 times over that of the conventional PCR method. Fifteen cultivars/events and five Bt strains with or without cry1A gene were analyzed using the LAMP method as well as PCR method. The results demonstrate that this LAMP method shows a distinct specificity to the GM cry1A gene comparing with PCR analysis. Therefore, this LAMP method will be a potential effective tool for screening the GM cry1A gene in GM crops which are widely plant in China and other developing countries.