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1.
遮挡及背景中相似物干扰是行人检测准确率较低的主要原因. 针对该问题, 提出一种结合语义和多层特征融合(Combining semantics with multi-level feature fusion, CSMFF)的行人检测算法. 首先, 融合多个卷积层特征, 并在融合层上添加语义分割, 得到的语义特征与相应的卷积层连接作为行人位置的先验信息, 增强行人和背景的辨别性. 然后, 在初步回归的基础上构建行人二次检测模块(Pedestrian secondary detection module, PSDM), 进一步排除误检物体. 实验结果表明, 所提算法在数据集Caltech和CityPersons上漏检率(Miss rate, MR)为7.06 %和11.2 %. 该算法对被遮挡的行人具有强鲁棒性, 同时可方便地嵌入到其他检测框架. 相似文献
2.
关键词最优路径查询(KOR)查找在满足关键词全覆盖和路径长度约束条件下,时间开销最小的路线常用于旅行规划。现有优化算法虽然采用各种剪枝策略缩小搜索规模,但是本质上是广度优先搜索,在查找长路径时,搜索规模依然过大,执行时间长。针对该问题,提出一种关键词最优路径查询的分段拓展算法(SE-KOR)。SE-KOR算法根据关键词倒排索引表构建关键词顶点路径,将路径划分为多段分别拓展,降低搜索规模,从而缩短执行时间。该算法在路径拓展时给出路径走向,而现有剪枝策略不控制路径拓展方向,因此提出局部代价阈值剪枝,控制路径的走向沿关键词顶点路径拓展,并综合运用近似支配、可行解目标值剪枝和全局优先拓展策略加速拓展。实验结果表明,在不损失精度的情况下,该算法执行时间分别在不同关键词个数、代价阈值与查询图规模下至少缩短8.0%、61.0%和57.7%。 相似文献
3.
模糊局部信息C-均值(FLICM)聚类算法是目前应用较广泛的图像分割算法,然而仅适用于处理低噪声图像。FLICM算法与像素引导隶属度滤波的结合在一定程度上提高了噪声抑制能力,但仍无法满足强噪声图像的分割需求。联合引导滤波与基于核度量的加权模糊局部信息C-均值(KWFLICM)聚类算法,提出一种隶属度与像素值交替引导的核模糊聚类算法。将像素引导隶属度滤波模块和隶属度引导像素滤波模块引入KWFLICM算法,构造一种引导滤波约束的多目标核模糊聚类优化模型,采用最小二乘法对该模型进行迭代求解。在迭代过程中,通过像素引导隶属度滤波和隶属度引导像素滤波,分别修正输入图像的隶属度和像素值,进一步提高核模糊聚类算法对含噪图像的鲁棒性。实验结果表明,与同类核模糊聚类算法相比,该算法在莱斯噪声干扰下的误分率、精确度、峰值信噪比、Jaccard相似系数等评价指标上表现突出,具有更好的分割性能和更强的鲁棒性。 相似文献
4.
命名实体识别指识别文本中具有特定意义的实体,是自然语言处理诸多下游任务的重要基石。在命名实体识别任务中,协同图网络(CGN)模型通过引入多个图注意力网络获得较强的知识整合能力及较高的处理速度,但CGN模型在嵌入层中没有充分利用词边界信息,且采用的传统静态图注意力网络影响了图注意力的表达能力。在对CGN模型的图注意力网络进行改进的基础上,提出一种中文命名实体识别新模型,在嵌入层融入词语的分词信息,以生成包含词边界信息的字向量,从而充分利用词边界信息。通过在编码层使用BiLSTM模型获取文本的上下文信息,采用改进后的图注意力网络提取文本特征,并通过优化传统图注意力网络中相关系数的计算方式,增强模型的特征提取能力。最后,利用条件随机场对文本进行解码,从而实现对实体的标注。实验结果表明,该模型相比CGN模型在MSRA、OntoNotes4.0、Weibo数据集上的F1值分别提升了0.67%、3.16%、0.16%,验证了其在中文命名实体识别任务上的有效性。 相似文献
5.
基于深度学习的医学图像分割对医学研究和临床疾病诊断具有重要意义。然而,现有三维脑图像分割网络仅依赖单一模态信息,且最后一层网络的特征表达不准确,导致分割精度降低。引入注意力机制,提出一种基于深度学习的多模态交叉重构的倒金字塔网络MCRAIP-Net。以多模态磁共振图像作为输入,通过三个独立的编码器结构提取各模态的特征信息,并将提取的特征信息在同一分辨率级进行初步融合。利用双通道交叉重构注意力模块实现多模态特征的细化与融合。在此基础上,采用倒金字塔解码器对解码器各阶段不同分辨率的特征进行整合,完成脑组织的分割任务。在MRBrainS13和IBSR18数据集上的实验结果表明,相比3D U-Net、MMAN、SW-3D-Unet等网络,MCRAIP-Net能够充分利用多模态图像的互补信息,获取更准确丰富的细节特征且具有较优的分割精度,白质、灰质、脑脊液的Dice系数分别达到91.67%、88.95%、84.79%。 相似文献
6.
José Escorcia-Gutierrez Jordina Torrents-Barrena Margarita Gamarra Natasha Madera Pedro Romero-Aroca Aida Valls Domenec Puig 《计算机、材料和连续体(英文)》2022,70(2):2971-2989
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a complication of diabetes mellitus that appears in the retina. Clinitians use retina images to detect DR pathological signs related to the occlusion of tiny blood vessels. Such occlusion brings a degenerative cycle between the breaking off and the new generation of thinner and weaker blood vessels. This research aims to develop a suitable retinal vasculature segmentation method for improving retinal screening procedures by means of computer-aided diagnosis systems. The blood vessel segmentation methodology relies on an effective feature selection based on Sequential Forward Selection, using the error rate of a decision tree classifier in the evaluation function. Subsequently, the classification process is performed by three alternative approaches: artificial neural networks, decision trees and support vector machines. The proposed methodology is validated on three publicly accessible datasets and a private one provided by Hospital Sant Joan of Reus. In all cases we obtain an average accuracy above 96% with a sensitivity of 72% in the blood vessel segmentation process. Compared with the state-of-the-art, our approach achieves the same performance as other methods that need more computational power. Our method significantly reduces the number of features used in the segmentation process from 20 to 5 dimensions. The implementation of the three classifiers confirmed that the five selected features have a good effectiveness, independently of the classification algorithm. 相似文献
7.
Sagheer Abbas Yousef Alhwaiti Areej Fatima Muhammad A. Khan Muhammad Adnan Khan Taher M. Ghazal Asma Kanwal Munir Ahmad Nouh Sabri Elmitwally 《计算机、材料和连续体(英文)》2022,70(3):4563-4581
This paper presents a handwritten document recognition system based on the convolutional neural network technique. In today’s world, handwritten document recognition is rapidly attaining the attention of researchers due to its promising behavior as assisting technology for visually impaired users. This technology is also helpful for the automatic data entry system. In the proposed system prepared a dataset of English language handwritten character images. The proposed system has been trained for the large set of sample data and tested on the sample images of user-defined handwritten documents. In this research, multiple experiments get very worthy recognition results. The proposed system will first perform image pre-processing stages to prepare data for training using a convolutional neural network. After this processing, the input document is segmented using line, word and character segmentation. The proposed system get the accuracy during the character segmentation up to 86%. Then these segmented characters are sent to a convolutional neural network for their recognition. The recognition and segmentation technique proposed in this paper is providing the most acceptable accurate results on a given dataset. The proposed work approaches to the accuracy of the result during convolutional neural network training up to 93%, and for validation that accuracy slightly decreases with 90.42%. 相似文献
8.
Batyrkhan Omarov Azhar Tursynova Octavian Postolache Khaled Gamry Aidar Batyrbekov Sapargali Aldeshov Zhanar Azhibekova Marat Nurtas Akbayan Aliyeva Kadrzhan Shiyapov 《计算机、材料和连续体(英文)》2022,71(3):4701-4717
The task of segmentation of brain regions affected by ischemic stroke is help to tackle important challenges of modern stroke imaging analysis. Unfortunately, at the moment, the models for solving this problem using machine learning methods are far from ideal. In this paper, we consider a modified 3D UNet architecture to improve the quality of stroke segmentation based on 3D computed tomography images. We use the ISLES 2018 (Ischemic Stroke Lesion Segmentation Challenge 2018) open dataset to train and test the proposed model. Interpretation of the obtained results, as well as the ideas for further experiments are included in the paper. Our evaluation is performed using the Dice or f1 score coefficient and the Jaccard index. Our architecture may simply be extended to ischemia segmentation and computed tomography image identification by selecting relevant hyperparameters. The Dice/f1 score similarity coefficient of our model shown 58% and results close to ground truth which is higher than the standard 3D UNet model, demonstrating that our model can accurately segment ischemic stroke. The modified 3D UNet model proposed by us uses an efficient averaging method inside a neural network. Since this set of ISLES is limited in number, using the data augmentation method and neural network regularization methods to prevent overfitting gave the best result. In addition, one of the advantages is the use of the Intersection over Union loss function, which is based on the assessment of the coincidence of the shapes of the recognized zones. 相似文献
9.
Ayman M. Abdalla Mohammad Abu Awad Omar AlZoubi La'aly A. Al-Samrraie 《计算机、材料和连续体(英文)》2022,72(1):797-814
The enlarged veins in the pampiniform venous plexus, known as varicocele disease, are typically identified using ultrasound scans. The medical diagnosis of varicocele is based on examinations made in three positions taken to the right and left testicles of the male patient. The proposed system is designed to determine whether a patient is affected. Varicocele is more frequent on the left side of the scrotum than on the right and physicians commonly depend on the supine position more than other positions. Therefore, the experimental results of this study focused on images taken in the supine position of the left testicles of patients. There are two possible vein structures in each image: a cross-section (circular) and a tube (non-circular) structure. This proposed system identifies dilated (varicocele) veins of these structures in ultrasound images in three stages: preprocessing, processing, and detection and measurement. These three stages are applied in three different color modes: Grayscale, Red-Green-Blue (RGB), and Hue, Saturation, and Value (HSV). In the preprocessing stage, the region of interest enclosing the pampiniform plexus area is extracted using a median filter and threshold segmentation. Then, the processing stage employs different filters to perform image denoising. Finally, edge detection is applied in multiple steps and the detected veins are measured to determine if dilated veins exist. Overall implementation results showed the proposed system is faster and more effective than the previous work. 相似文献
10.
Yong-Woon Kim Yung-Cheol Byun Dong Seog Han Dalia Dominic Sibu Cyriac 《计算机、材料和连续体(英文)》2022,73(3):4743-4762
A wide range of camera apps and online video conferencing services support the feature of changing the background in real-time for aesthetic, privacy, and security reasons. Numerous studies show that the Deep-Learning (DL) is a suitable option for human segmentation, and the ensemble of multiple DL-based segmentation models can improve the segmentation result. However, these approaches are not as effective when directly applied to the image segmentation in a video. This paper proposes an Adaptive N-Frames Ensemble (AFE) approach for high-movement human segmentation in a video using an ensemble of multiple DL models. In contrast to an ensemble, which executes multiple DL models simultaneously for every single video frame, the proposed AFE approach executes only a single DL model upon a current video frame. It combines the segmentation outputs of previous frames for the final segmentation output when the frame difference is less than a particular threshold. Our method employs the idea of the N-Frames Ensemble (NFE) method, which uses the ensemble of the image segmentation of a current video frame and previous video frames. However, NFE is not suitable for the segmentation of fast-moving objects in a video nor a video with low frame rates. The proposed AFE approach addresses the limitations of the NFE method. Our experiment uses three human segmentation models, namely Fully Convolutional Network (FCN), DeepLabv3, and Mediapipe. We evaluated our approach using 1711 videos of the TikTok50f dataset with a single-person view. The TikTok50f dataset is a reconstructed version of the publicly available TikTok dataset by cropping, resizing and dividing it into videos having 50 frames each. This paper compares the proposed AFE with single models and the Two-Models Ensemble, as well as the NFE models. The experiment results show that the proposed AFE is suitable for low-movement as well as high-movement human segmentation in a video. 相似文献