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1.
在抗旱领域,我国至今尚未建立起可用于抗旱应急管理工作的水位(流量)等干旱特征指标,水文报旱、旱情预警、抗旱会商、应急响应、水量调度等抗旱应急管理工作往往缺乏科学依据。在2011年水利部制定的《旱限水位(流量)确定办法》中,首次提出了旱限水位的概念,但没有具体针对湖泊制定旱限水位确定方法,且参照江河和水库旱限水位确定方法,全年采用唯一的旱限水位作为干旱预警指标,缺少分级、分期标准,实际运用中缺乏可操作性。为此,本文综合考虑不同时期生产、生活、生态用水需求优先级和保障等级的差异性,结合湖泊来水特征,制定了湖泊旱限水位分级、分期标准,针对不同湖泊类型,建立了一套通用的湖泊分级分期旱限水位确定方法,并在此基础上提出一种实用性较强、可靠性较高的湖泊旱限水位预警与动态控制方法,为旱灾防御指挥决策提供科学依据和技术支撑。本文提出的湖泊分级分期旱限水位确定与动态控制方法在洪湖试点得到了成功应用。 相似文献
2.
为分析西北地区地下水干旱时空演变趋势及对气象干旱的动态响应,利用GRACE和GLDAS数据定量评估地下水储量变化,构建地下水干旱指数GRACE-GDI分析地下水干旱的时空演变特征,并利用Pearson相关系数分析了地下水干旱对气象干旱的动态响应关系。结果表明:西北地区地下水储量总体上以0.25 cm/a的速率枯竭;河西走廊、六盘山区、青海南部地下水干旱发生频率较高,陕南地区、柴达木盆地地下水干旱发生频率较低,西北地区多年平均地下水干旱面积比例为29.0%;地下水干旱与气象干旱的响应关系存在明显的空间异质性,其中呈显著正相关关系的区域占59.3%,且由于气候变暖和植被改善,在准噶尔盆地、吐鲁番盆地、青海湖流域、阿尔泰山等地区响应程度增加;干旱响应时间主要为1~6月和19~24月。 相似文献
3.
基于标准化降水蒸散指数(SPEI)和标准化径流指数(SRI),比较了黄河流域气象干旱和水文干旱的时空分布差异,分析了二者时间尺度上的关联性,并选取典型干旱事件进一步探讨了两种干旱类型的传递关系。结果表明:两种干旱类型空间上有相似的趋势和频次,但在黄河源区和黄河中南部(渭河流域)差异显著,其干旱历时均有随年代延长的趋势,水文干旱历时增长尤为明显;在时间尺度上,SPEI与SRI在大部分区域基本一致,但在黄河源区和渭河流域差异较大,尤其是短时间尺度上差异更显著;气象干旱与水文干旱并非一一对应,多场短历时间断气象干旱受时滞效应、异常气象波动等影响,可能引发一场长历时连续水文干旱或多场短历时间断水文干旱,一场长历时连续气象干旱强度衰减可能引发多场短历时间断水文干旱。 相似文献
4.
研究干旱演变和传播特征可为流域防灾抗灾提供帮助和建议。以海河流域为例,采用标准化降水蒸散发指数(SPEI)和标准化土壤湿度指数(SSMI)分别表征气象干旱和农业干旱,并结合趋势分析和频率分析等方法,对1980-2019年该流域气象干旱和农业干旱时空演变规律以及传播特征进行研究。结果表明:在干旱发生频率上,气象干旱和农业干旱的高发区分别集中在流域东北部和中部,不同季节空间分布存在显著性差异,春季和夏季为气象干旱频发季,冬季和春季为农业干旱频发季;从变化趋势上看,SPEI值呈减小趋势的区域主要集中在流域的中东部,其中春季减小趋势最为显著,而SSMI值呈“北增南减”的分布格局,其中秋季减小趋势最为显著;农业干旱对气象干旱的响应具有延时性,不同季节差异显著,夏季传播时间仅为5个月,秋季、冬季和春季的传播时间分别为6、9和11个月;在空间分布上,春季和夏季的相关系数较低,低值区主要分布在流域北部地区,秋季和冬季的相关系数较高,高值区集中分布在流域中部地区。 相似文献
5.
湾沚区水旱灾害频发,严重影响地区社会经济发展和危及人民生命财产安全。水旱灾害防御信息化系统是防汛抗旱的重要手段,为防汛抗旱的决策和调度提供技术支撑。本文对湾沚区水旱灾害防御信息化建设背景、需求和现状进行梳理和分析。以功能需求和性能需求为导向,针对湾沚区信息化建设存在的不足,提出监测体系、预警平台、终端服务、运维机制等方面的措施建议,为水旱灾害防御信息化建设提供思路与借鉴。 相似文献
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7.
《水科学与水工程》2022,15(2):103-113
Anomalous characteristics of the atmospheric water cycle structure are highly significant to the mechanisms of seasonal-scale meteorological droughts. They also play an important role in the identification of indicative predictors of droughts. To better understand the causes of seasonal meteorological droughts in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River (MLRYR), characteristics of the atmospheric water cycle structure at different drought stages were determined using standardized anomalies. The results showed that the total column water vapor (TCWV) was anomalously low during drought occurrence periods. In contrast, there were no anomalous signals at the drought persistence and recovery stages in the MLRYR. Moreover, there was no significant temporal correlation between the TCWV anomaly and seasonal-scale drought index (the 3-month standardized precipitation index (SPI3)). During drought events, water vapor that mainly originated from the Bay of Bengal was transported southwest of the MLRYR. Meanwhile, the anomalous signal of water vapor transport was negative at the drought appearance stage. At the drought persistence stage, the negative anomalous signal was the most significant. Water vapor flux divergence in the MLRYR showed significant positive anomalous signals during drought events, and the signal intensity shifted from an increasing to a decreasing trend at different drought stages. In addition, a significant positive correlation existed between the anomaly of water vapor flux divergence and regional SPI3. Overall, water vapor flux divergence is more predictive of droughts in the MLRYR. 相似文献
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9.
Mengyi Chen Xiaoyang Zhu Xiaojuan Liu Caiyu Wu Canye Yu Guojian Hu Lin Chen Riyuan Chen Mondher Bouzayen Mohammed Zouine Yanwei Hao 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(7)
Auxin response factors (ARFs) play important roles in various plant physiological processes; however, knowledge of the exact role of ARFs in plant responses to water deficit is limited. In this study, SlARF4, a member of the ARF family, was functionally characterized under water deficit. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and β-glucuronidase (GUS) staining showed that water deficit and abscisic acid (ABA) treatment reduced the expression of SlARF4. SlARF4 was expressed in the vascular bundles and guard cells of tomato stomata. Loss of function of SlARF4 (arf4) by using Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/Cas 9 (CRISPR/Cas 9) technology enhanced plant resistance to water stress and rehydration ability. The arf4 mutant plants exhibited curly leaves and a thick stem. Malondialdehyde content was significantly lower in arf4 mutants than in wildtype plants under water stress; furthermore, arf4 mutants showed higher content of antioxidant substances, superoxide dismutase, actual photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII), and catalase activities. Stomatal and vascular bundle morphology was changed in arf4 mutants. We identified 628 differentially expressed genes specifically expressed under water deficit in arf4 mutants; six of these genes, including ABA signaling pathway-related genes, were differentially expressed between the wildtype and arf4 mutants under water deficit and unlimited water supply. Auxin responsive element (AuxRE) elements were found in these genes’ promoters indicating that SlARF4 participates in ABA signaling pathways by regulating the expression of SlABI5/ABF and SCL3, thereby influencing stomatal morphology and vascular bundle development and ultimately improving plant resistance to water deficit. 相似文献
10.
Ruoyi Lin Tao Zou Qiming Mei Zhengfeng Wang Mei Zhang Shuguang Jian 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(9)
Canavalia rosea (bay bean), distributing in coastal areas or islands in tropical and subtropical regions, is an extremophile halophyte with good adaptability to seawater and drought. Late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins typically accumulate in response to various abiotic stresses, including dehydration, salinity, high temperature, and cold, or during the late stage of seed development. Abscisic acid-, stress-, and ripening-induced (ASR) genes are stress and developmentally regulated plant-specific genes. In this study, we reported the first comprehensive survey of the LEA and ASR gene superfamily in C. rosea. A total of 84 CrLEAs and three CrASRs were identified in C. rosea and classified into nine groups. All CrLEAs and CrASRs harbored the conserved motif for their family proteins. Our results revealed that the CrLEA genes were widely distributed in different chromosomes, and all of the CrLEA/CrASR genes showed wide expression features in different tissues in C. rosea plants. Additionally, we introduced 10 genes from different groups into yeast to assess the functions of the CrLEAs/CrASRs. These results contribute to our understanding of LEA/ASR genes from halophytes and provide robust candidate genes for functional investigations in plant species adapted to extreme environments. 相似文献