动水环境中有限宽窄缝湍射流的水力特性研究

本文采用粒子图像测速(PIV)系统，在分析了水中粒子跟随性的基础上，对动水环境中多种喷口长度和流速比情况下的有限宽窄缝湍射流近区流场进行测试，并结合数值模拟结果分析讨论了动水环境中有限宽窄缝湍射流的近场三维流动特性。在实验观测的流速比范围内，射流势流核长度随着流速比的增加而增大并逐渐趋近于平面自由湍射流的势流核长度，雷诺数对射流的发展轨迹影响很小，射流发展主要由流速比控制。同时，给出了射流背流面逆流区长度与流速比、喷口形状因子之间的关系。  

用分形特征参数定量描述土壤水流运动的非均匀程度

通过田间条件下开展的7个碘-淀粉染色示踪试验,研究了入渗初始条件和边界条件对土壤水流运动非均匀特征的影响.同时采用土壤水实际入渗深度分布非均匀系数(C_(ua))和活动流场模型(ARM)分形特征参数(γ)来定量描述不同入渗条件下土壤水流动的非均匀程度.研究结果显示,不同条件下,γ和C_(ua)有着相同的变化趋势,γ能正确描述土壤水流运动的宏观非均匀特征;较低的土壤水初始饱和度引起较显著的土壤水非均匀流动;在相同土壤水初始饱和度条件下,土壤水流运动的非均匀程度随着入渗水量的增大而先增大后减小.  

Velocity and concentration measurements in initial region of submerged round jets in stagnant environment and in coflow

Velocity and concentration fields are measured in submerged round jets in a stagnant environment and in coflow using laser Doppler anemometry and laser-induced fluorescence. Measurements are made in the initial region within distances of 40 jet exit diameter at jet Reynolds number between 1000 and 5000 and coflow-to-jet velocity ratio from 0 to 0.43. Different behaviors of jet spreading and dilution are found in jets at three different ranges of Reynolds number in which the jets are classified as initially laminar, transitional or turbulent. In the zone of established flow, the jet centerline velocity and concentration decay with downstream distance at different rates in the three groups of jets. For jets in coflow, axial development of normalized forms of centerline mean excess velocity and mean concentration at different velocity ratios can be reasonably well collapsed onto universal trends through the use of momentum length scale. Turbulence properties inside a jet are increased by the presence of a strong coflow. Inside the zone of flow establishment, some strange features are observed on jet turbulence properties. The length of zone of flow establishment increases from the turbulent jets, to the transition jets and to the laminar jets. The zone lengths for concentration are shorter than those for velocity by one to two jet exit diameters. Both lengths are shortened further in the presence of a coflow. For jets a stagnant environment and in the strong jet flow region of jets in coflow, jet widths increase linearly with downstream distance in transitional and turbulent jets. Self-similarity of radial profiles of mean velocity or excess velocity, mean concentration, turbulence intensities and concentration fluctuation level is explored in the zone of established flow.  

串列双圆柱水流特性试验研究

通过对串列双圆柱不同间距时的流速分布进行试验分析,得知水流进入桩柱间隙区域后,正对桩柱的垂线流速分布由对数分布变为S型分布.沿横断面方向,流速改变形式十分相似,各曲线分布趋势沿水槽中心呈对称分布.对于不同间距,对水流影响不同,间距越大,桩周围流速减小幅度越小,流速改变波及面越小.本次试验的分析结果为码头工程设计提供了参考.  

三圆柱串列水流流速特性试验研究

通过对间距为4D和8D(D为圆柱直径)时的三圆柱串列水流流速分布进行了试验分析,由试验结果可知:在横断面上,由于桩的阻力和前柱尾流区存在的漩涡,水流向阻力小的无桩区转移,动量向水槽边壁呈近似波状传递;无桩区附近流速增大,流速的改变趋势沿水槽中心基本呈对称分布;两种间距试验结果比较发现:桩柱间距越大,流速减小幅度越小,流速改变波及面越小.  

复式断面交汇水流滩槽交界水流特性试验研究

通过在室内自制水槽模型内布置网格,利用先进的声波多普勒流速仪（ADV）测取网格内各点流速。再把各点的流速数据输入软件,通过做切片云图和分析流速数据的方法,研究复式交汇河道滩槽交界水流流态及某一特征断面的剪应力分布。结果表明：滩槽交界附近存在一个流速间断面,在这个区域水流所受阻力较大;复式河道断面的平均流速与剪切应力呈线性关系。  

近海围垦造地水下地形和水流特性动态监测

结合上海浦东机场围海造田实例,阐述了在近海围垦造地过程中,如何对促淤堤体附近水下地形和水流特性进行动态监测,详细地分析了坝体附近水下地形的动态变化,为工程的正确施工和保养提供了有益的保障.在监测中,主要利用GPS-RTK配合测深仪和ADCP实时获取动态的三维坐标、流速、流向和流量,并对采集的数据采用比较法和作图法进行分析和预报.  

南津渡水库闸坝下游河床冲刷问题的试验研究

 通过物理模型试验，利用NDV对泄水闸下泄水流右侧区域的三维流速进行测量，重点分析尾坎下游主泄流区和回流区的的水流特性，研究水流对河床的影响，分析南津渡水库闸坝下游河床冲刷破坏的原因。试验研究表明，造成南津渡水库下游回流区河床冲刷的主要原因是流速的分布特点，而造成主泄流区河床冲刷的主要原因是下泄水流所携带的紊动能。  

FLOW CHARACTERISTICS IN ENERGY DISSIPATION UNITS OF LABYRINTH PATH IN THE DRIP IRRIGATION EMITTERS WITH DPIV TECHNOLOGY

The energy dissipation mechanism and anti-clogging properties of drip irrigation emitters are closely related to flow characteristics of the fluid in its flow paths,and flow field tests using modern flow visual technologies were carried out by a large number of designers.The Digital Particle ImageVelocimetry(DPIV) system was built for un-disturbed flow tests in the labyrinth path.In this article,the flow field was measured in the flow path section,the structural unit and the local region near sawtooth.Under...  

深圳河一、二期河道治理后水沙特性变化分析

深圳河一、二期河道治理工程塑造了新的河道形态，改变了深圳河潮流特征和泥沙输移特性。实测资料分析表明，深圳河治理后，河道阻力大大减小，潮波易于上溯，有利于涨潮流挟带泥沙进入深圳河而不利于落潮流将泥沙抉带出河口。这一变化将对深圳河的河道冲淤产生根本影响。