减水剂类型对赤泥—矿渣基地聚物注浆材料性能的影响及机理研究

针对赤泥等固体废弃物对环境危害性大且利用率低等问题,以碱激发赤泥-矿渣基地聚物注浆材料为 研究对象,研究了不同掺量的聚羧酸(PA)减水剂、醛酮缩合物(AKC)减水剂和萘系(N)减水剂对材料凝结时间、流动 性及强度等的影响,并通过 XRD、傅里叶红外光谱及 SEM 等设备对减水剂的作用机理进行研究。 结果表明:减水剂增 强了材料的流动性但降低了材料的剪切应力;N 和 PA 减水剂能缩短材料的凝结时间,但 AKC 减水剂会延长材料的凝 结时间;N 和 AKC 减水剂能提高材料的强度,但 PA 减水剂会降低材料的强度;N 减水剂对材料的综合性能提升效果 更加明显,其最优掺量为 0. 7%;减水剂对赤泥-矿渣基地聚物性能提升的作用机理主要是促进地聚合物凝胶的形成。 研究成果为拓展赤泥在工程上的使用途径和效率提供了理论指导。     

Catalytic behavior in CH4 decomposition of catalysts derived from red mud: Impact of residual Na2O

Catalyst samples for CH₄ decomposition were prepared from red mud (RM) by an acid-leaching neutralization precipitation approach. Water-washing the resultant precipitates multiple times, followed by drying at 105 °C and calcination at 500 °C, resulted in a threshold of residual Na₂O, equivalent to 96% Na₂O removal. Drying the precipitate at a higher temperature of 200 °C, followed by repeated water washing, provided a deeper Na₂O removal of 99% and made the resultant samples more active for the targeted reaction. Subsequently, four catalyst samples with a simulated red mud composition and NaOH contents from 0 to 0.3 wt% were prepared and the catalytic test results revealed that the Na₂O remaining in the RM-derived catalysts did not only inhibit their activation in CH₄ but also lower their maximal activities for CH₄ decomposition. Finally, two catalysts with the same simulated red mud composition and their Na impregnated respectively on Fe₂O₃ and a mixture support of Al₂O₃-SiO₂-TiO₂ were prepared and tested to explore the effect of Na distribution on the activation behavior of RM-derived catalysts for CH₄ decomposition. The activity testing results showed that it was the Na residual dispersed on iron oxides in the RM-derived samples to significantly inhibit the activation of CH₄ decomposition.     

转底炉处理赤泥工艺技术

为了综合利用氧化铝冶炼产生的赤泥，探索在转底炉中直接还原赤泥、磨矿磁选获得高品位直接还原铁。通过实验室试验摸索了转底炉还原工艺参数，并在转底炉工业试验线进行了工业试验。实验室结果表明，赤泥还原后的直接还原铁(DRI)金属化率可达88.6%，磁选后的铁品位可达82.1%，磁选后的铁回收率可达88.9%。工业试验中，转底炉还原后，产品金属化率平均为69.2%，将还原后的DRI磁选获得高品位的DRI产品，磁选后DRI的铁品位为72.8%，磁选后铁回收率达到了85.2%,初步打通了在转底炉中还原赤泥、磁选的工艺路径。     

克深243井盐膏层大尺寸套管固井技术

克深243井是部署在新疆拜城县的一口评价井，三开钻进至库姆格列木群盐岩段中途完钻，井深5532 m，井底静止温度127.6℃，钻井液密度2.43 g/cm3，地层压力为132 MPa，下入φ273.05 mm+φ293.45 mm复合大尺寸套管进行双级固井。固井存在地层承压能力低井段易漏、盐膏层蠕变、水泥浆压稳防窜性能要求高、长封固段顶部强度发展缓慢等难题，通过选用微锰与GM-1加重剂共同干混保证水泥浆密度，选用2种防窜剂提高水泥浆防窜性能，将高温降失水剂和低温降失水剂复配使用，降低缓凝剂的加量，避免大温差下顶部水泥浆出现超缓凝，加以配套的固井工艺措施，该井段固井施工顺利，固井质量合格。      

Hydrocracking and hydrodesulfurization of diesel over zeolite beta-containing NiMo supported on activated red mud

NiMo nanocatalysts supported on activated red mud with different zeolite beta contents were successfully prepared by impregnation technique. Their hydrocracking and hydrodesulfurization activities were evaluated with two different kinds of diesel feed (iso diesel and heavy diesel) in a fixed bed reactor at ambient pressure and 500 °C. Physico-chemical properties of synthesized samples were characterized using the methods of XRF, XRD, FESEM, BET, FTIR and NH₃-TPD. The results indicated that zeolite incorporation resulted in a significant increase in specific surface area (BET result) and acidic strength (TPD result) of nanocatalysts. FESEM analysis confirmed that the particles size of zeolite-containing NiMo/ARM was less than 100 nm and the average size of particles was about 30 nm. Hydrocracking results illustrated that incorporation of zeolite beta improved cracking activity considerably. In addition, NiMo nanocatalyst containing 37.5 wt% of zeolite had the highest yields of desirable products (naphtha, kerosene and diesel) and the highest conversion. Moreover, the flash point and viscosity of the liquid product decreased notably the nanocatalysts with 37.5 wt% and 12.5 wt% of zeolite were able to remove approximately 96% and 72% of the sulfur content of iso diesel and heavy diesel, respectively.     

培养原料种类的减少对人工窖泥发酵剂菌群结构的影响

为实现人工窖泥发酵剂（APMSC）的品质控制，从前期开发的发酵剂配方中分别取出老熟窖泥、曲药、酒糟和黄水初步形成4个简化配方，采用扩增子测序和色谱技术比较了各配方发酵剂的微生物群落结构及香味物质含量差异。结果显示，各配方发酵剂样品中共检测到70个微生物操作分类单元（OTU），其中71.43%为各组样品共有，未检测到独有OTU。各配方样品的优势微生物均存在于其余分组中，仅物种相对丰度有所差异。根据酿酒有益微生物的丰度高低，选择了一种简化配方（无老熟窖泥作原料）发酵剂养护窖池，使酿造白酒的主体香味物质含量得到显著提高。结果表明，即使缺失了某一种培养原料，人工窖泥发酵剂的功能微生物物种也可能由其他原料补充，而原料种类的减少是实现发酵剂品质控制的主要途径。     

浓香型大曲白酒窖泥微生物研究进展

基于传统微生物技术和现代生物学技术对白酒窖泥微生物的研究，阐述了研究白酒酿造微生物所运用生物学技术的各种方法、原理及对窖泥微生物的研究现状。主要对宏基因组、聚合酶链式反应-变性梯度凝胶电泳（PCR-DGGE）技术、高通量测序技术等现代分子生物技术在窖泥微生物代谢活动和群落代谢机制研究中的应用进行了综述，为解决白酒生产中遇到的实际问题提供了理论指导。     

Extrusion of highly filled flexible polymer sheet

Highly-filled polymer systems include color masterbatches, feedstocks for powder injection molding, and rigid sheets with high levels of flame retardants, but they have not been explored for flexible sheet. This work investigated the (a) selecting a polymer matrix with enough melt strength and flexibility to form a stable sheet with high filler loading, (b) the maximum achievable filler loading for the sheet, and (c) optimizing the process of extruding a highly-filled flexible polymer system. Extrusion grade low-density polyethylene (LDPE) provided sufficient flexibility and permitted a maximum filler loading of 36 vol% (~78 wt%). Good dispersion of the nanoparticle filler, however, required two passes through multiple screw extruders and a small reduction in the viscosity of the LDPE. Sheet with thickness of 415 μm, surface roughness of <1 μm, and sufficient flexibility was extruded continuously at a rate of 10 m/min., but it required a more traditional coat hanger manifold to prevent filler hang up in the sheet die. The filler particles were distributed uniformly through the core and skin of the sheet, giving the sheet good mechanical properties.     

基于测录井曲线的致密砂岩储层产能评价方法

强烈的非均质性、较差的储层连通性以及复杂的微观孔隙结构是致密砂岩气产能评价难度大和准确率不高的原因，基于此，利用多口井测录井曲线资料，归纳总结典型的曲线形态类型，并采用数学方法对形态进行了定量表征，提出了基于测录井曲线形态的产能评价方法。研究表明：①气测全烃曲线可以分为箱形、半箱形、正三角形、倒三角形、锯齿状和单尖峰状等6种形态，分别与油气层显示程度紧密相关，可以利用幅度、相对质心、相对锯齿、方差及自相关函数的参数值极性量化表征。其中，箱形气测全烃曲线峰形饱满，跨度较大；半箱形，气测全烃峰形跨度明显小于储层厚度；三角形，气测全烃曲线形态呈现正三角形或倒三角形；锯齿状，气测全烃曲线形态呈忽高忽低的趋势，呈现若干尖峰；单尖峰状，气测全烃曲线峰形跨度较小，呈单尖峰状。②6种气测全烃曲线形态与致密砂岩油气储层产能具有较好的对应关系。高、中产层主要为箱形、三角形，低产层主要为（半）箱形、三角形及锯齿状，特低产主要为锯齿状，不产层主要以单尖峰状为主。利用气测曲线形态及产能特征进行权重赋值，建立了解释关系图版。③录井全烃曲线与测井电阻率曲线综合解释可以更加准确判别致密砂岩储层产能。最后，利用定量化模型进行自动解释，通过数据验证发现，产层符合率为80.95%，产能区间符合率为78.05%。实践证明，基于测录井曲线形态可以较好地评价预测致密砂岩储层产气能力。     

浓香型白酒窖泥菌群结构、菌种功能及其改良研究进展

窖泥质量对浓香型白酒的发酵具有重要影响。一般来说，窖龄越大，窖泥质量越好，酿酒质量越好。近年来，以提高窖泥质量、促进窖泥老熟为导向的研究成为热点。本文按照从基础理论到改良应用研究的逻辑顺序，参考相关文献资料，就窖泥菌群结构、菌种功能及人工窖泥改良三方面进行综述。在时间维度上，随窖龄增加，窖泥原核菌群多样性逐渐增加，菌群结构逐渐趋于稳定（老熟），而真核菌群多样性逐渐减少，甚至消失。在空间分布上，池底窖泥原核菌群多样性大于池壁泥，而真核菌群相反，且其在池底老窖泥中趋于消失状态。窖泥中一些菌种参与己酸合成，如克氏梭菌（Clostridium kluyveri）和Ruminococcaceae CPB6，随窖泥老熟，窖泥菌群逐渐形成了完整的代谢网络。人工窖泥改良可以有效促进窖泥菌群的老熟。通过本综述，为进一步的窖泥菌群理论及应用研究提供了新思路。