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排序方式: 共有1751条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
土壤水文特征是研究区域水土资源合理配置的基础支撑要素,根据华北土石山区土壤的地貌分异规律,综合考虑地质、植被、土地利用等因素,采用野外调查取样法、环刀法等,研究了易县崇陵流域5种典型植被(油松、侧柏、银杏、刺槐、荆条)条件下的土壤物理性质、土壤水分特征曲线、土壤入渗过程等土壤水文特征。结果表明,同一植被条件下,土壤容重随土壤深度增加逐渐增大,同一深度条件下,荆条覆盖下的土壤容重最小,其他植被覆盖条件下的土壤容重差别不显著;同一植被条件下,随深度增加,饱和含水率逐渐减小,同一植被不同深度条件下的土壤水吸力随土壤含水率的增加逐渐减小;对土壤水分特征曲线进行拟合时,发现Gardner模型适用于油松和银杏,而张景略模型适用于侧柏、刺槐和荆条;土壤入渗过程的渗润阶段发生在土壤入渗开始的前10min内,渗漏阶段持续100~120min;侧柏最佳入渗模型为Kostiakov模型,而油松、银杏、刺槐及荆条最佳入渗模型为蒋定生模型。 相似文献
2.
基于降雨径流模型确定水电站地址勘察已成为水资源评价中的一个重要课题。随着卫星技术的发展,遥感、地理信息系统能够快速地确定水电站地址勘察。选取位于云南省中部滇中盆地地区澜沧江流域作为研究区,利用遥感和地理信息系统技术,从数字高程模型角度出发,确定了流域尺度、流域边界和最小面积、平均高程、流域平均坡度等水文信息。运用分辨率为2.5 m的IRS-P5立体卫星数据导出数字高程模型。该数字高程模型用于生成盆地的流向和流量累积图。通过对这些图像的分析得出了综合排水网;利用地形资料,包括流域面积、平均流域高程和降雨资料的有限点观测值,推导出整个流域的回归模型,使用平均面雨量计算其雨量分布图,结合Kriging统计方法生成子流域验证这个回归模型,并给出了水电站地址勘察建设地点。 相似文献
3.
利用渭河流域1960~2012年13个气象站的逐日降雨资料和三个水文站的径流资料,分析ENSO事件对该区域的降雨、径流、气象干旱和水文干旱的影响。结果表明,ENSO事件对渭河流域的降雨量和径流的影响较为明显,尤其是在7、8、9、10月;EI Ni1o事件对降雨量/径流有减少作用,而La Ni1a事件对降雨量/径流有增加效应;ENSO事件对径流的影响具有空间和时间的差异性,且由下游到上游逐渐变大;渭河流域共发生142次气象干旱和76次水文干旱,发生气象干旱和水文干旱平均持续时间分别为2.56、3.40个月,气象干旱和水文干旱发生次数呈增加趋势;ENSO事件对气象干旱和水文干旱的影响较大,经过卡方检验,在10月EI Ni1o事件和La Ni1a事件与气象干旱的发生有显著(α=0.05)关系,同时10月EI Ni1o事件和水文干旱的发生也有显著关系。 相似文献
4.
5.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2019,44(47):25442-25456
Renewable energy sources (RES) will play a crucial role in future sustainable energy systems. In scenarios analyzing future energy system designs, a detailed spatial and temporal representation of renewable-based electricity generation is essential. For this, sufficiently representative weather data are required. Most analyses performed in this context use the historical data of either one specific reference year or an aggregation of multiple years. In contrast, this study analyzes the impact of different weather years based on historical weather data from 1980 through 2016 in accordance with the design of an exemplary future energy system. This exemplary energy system consists of on- and offshore wind energy for power-to-hydrogen via electrolysis, including hydrogen pipeline transport for most southwestern European countries. The assumed hydrogen demand for transportation needs represents a hypothetical future market penetration for fuel cell-electric vehicles of 75%. An optimization framework is used in order to evaluate the resulting system design with the objective function of minimizing the total annual cost (TAC) of the system. For each historical weather year, the applied optimization model determines the required capacities and operation of wind power plants, electrolyzers, storage technologies and hydrogen pipelines to meet the assumed future hydrogen demand in a highly spatially- and temporally-detailed manner, as well as the TAC of the system. Following that, the results of every individual year are compared in terms of installed capacities, overall electricity generation and connection to the transmission network, as well as the cost of these components within each region. The results reveal how sensitive the final design of the exemplary system is to the choice of the weather year. For example, the TAC of the system changes by up to 20% across two consecutive weather years. Furthermore, significant variation in the optimization results regarding installed capacities per region with respect to the choice of weather years can be observed. 相似文献
6.
Lizhong Xu Jia Zhao Chenming Li Changli Li Xin Wang Zhifeng Xie 《International Journal of Parallel, Emergent and Distributed Systems》2020,35(3):288-296
ABSTRACTHydrological processes are hard to accurately simulate and predict because of various natural and human influences. In order to improve the simulation and prediction accuracy of the hydrological process, the firefly algorithm with deep learning (DLFA) was used in this study to optimise the parameters of support vector for regression (SVR) automatically, and a prediction model was established based on DLFA and SVR. The hydrological process of Huangfuchuan in Fugu County, Shanxi Province was taken as the research object to verify the performance of the prediction model, and the results were compared with those by the other six prediction models. The experimental results showed that the proposed prediction model achieved improved prediction performance compared with the other six models. 相似文献
7.
鉴于中长期水文预报能有效为宏观防洪形势分析和水资源管理提供科学依据,提出了Java环境下基于SpringBoot框架开发的中长期水文预报系统。该系统集成了包含随机森林、支持向量机、小波分析、贝叶斯模型平均等多种模型方法的Python模型库以提高开发效率;采用了基于RabbitMQ技术的异种语言调用与基于RESTful技术的轻量级接口设计以降低系统响应时间。并搭建了全国主要江河流域共10个断面的中长期水文预报系统作为示例进行分析,实现了中长期水文预报业务化运行,可为同类系统开发提供参考示范。 相似文献
8.
为了更好模拟横断山在气象、植被、土壤、水分等垂直地带性影响下的水文过程,本文采用分布式流域水文模型 WEP,提出反映空间分异特征的垂直带参数化方案,并选择横断山流域 14 个水文控制断面 1960—2015 年的逐月径流数据进行了模拟验证。结果显示,垂直带参数化方案较好地模拟了横断山区的水循环过程;通过两种对照方案和垂直带参数化方案的对比表明,“垂直带参数化方案”比“普通的参数方案”的 NS 提高 0.03、RE 降低1%,比“均一化参数方案”的 NS 提高 0.3、RE 降低 19.6%。通过考虑参数的垂直变化影响,能够提高模型模拟效果,且可更好地反映气象、植被、土壤、水分等信息的垂直地带性,弥补以往水文模型对参数的垂直变化描述不足的问题。 相似文献
9.
一般大气环境下混凝土强度经时变化模型 总被引:39,自引:1,他引:39
长期暴露试验和经年建筑物实测是研究混凝土强度经时变化规律的二个主要途径。本文在总结国内外暴露试验和实测结果的基础上,分析了一般大气环境下混凝土强度的经时变化规律,利用统计回归方法提出了混凝土强度平均值和标准差的经时变化数学模型,为进一步研究服役结构抗力变化规律奠定了基础。 相似文献
10.
Khalequzzaman M Kamijima M Sakai K Chowdhury NA Hamajima N Nakajima T 《Indoor air》2007,17(4):297-304
Indoor air concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and dust particles were measured for 49 biomass and 46 fossil fuel users in urban slums of Dhaka, Bangladesh. The health impacts of these pollutants were assessed on 65 and 51 children under five years old from families who use biomass and fossil fuel as main source of energy, respectively. Mean concentrations of CO were found to be significantly higher in biomass fuel users (P = 0.010), while geometric mean concentrations of benzene, xylene, toluene, hexane, total VOCs, and NO2 were significantly higher (P < 0.01) in the fossil fuel users. Symptoms such as redness of eyes, itching of skin, nasal discharge, cough, shortness of breath, chest tightness, wheezing, or whistling chest were found to be associated with the choice of biomass fuel, with the odds ratio ranging from 4.0 to 6.3. No significant association of use of biomass fuel with respiratory diseases, eczema, diarrhea, or viral fever was observed after adjustment for potential confounders. These results suggest a significant association between the biomass fuel-using population and respiratory symptoms. These symptoms may not be due to the pollutants only, as some other underlying causes may be present. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The health of children under five years old in Bangladesh, especially those living in poor socioeconomic conditions, is considered to be worsening because of indoor air pollution. It is commonly suggested that biomass fuel should be replaced by fossil fuel, as pollution levels are believed to be higher with biomass fuel. Our findings, however, suggest that pollution can be higher with fossil fuels, and indicate that a switch in fuel from biomass to fossil does not necessarily improve the children's health. Awareness programs should therefore be undertaken to avoid the unnecessary use of gas. Clean fuels and clean stoves should also be ensured to reduce emissions of indoor air pollutants. 相似文献