The aggression paradox: Understanding links among aggression, sensation seeking, and the consideration of future consequences.

Four studies involving 573 female and 272 male college students demonstrated that multiple forms and measures of aggression were associated with high levels of sensation seeking, impulsivity, and a focus on the immediate consequences of behavior. Multiple regression analyses and structural equation models supported a theoretical model based on the general aggression model (C. A. Anderson & B. J. Bushman, 2002), positing that hostile cognition and negative affect mediate the relationships between the aforementioned individual differences and aggression. Sensation seeking also predicted a desire to engage in physical and verbal aggression. The final study demonstrated that relative to those scoring low, individuals scoring high on the consideration of future consequences are only less aggressive when aggression is likely to carry future costs. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Feedback Specificity, Learning Opportunities, and Learning.

Although increasing feedback specificity is generally beneficial for immediate performance, it can undermine certain aspects of the learning needed for later, more independent performance. The results of the present transfer experiment demonstrate that the effects of increasing feedback specificity on learning depended on what was to be learned, and these effects were partially mediated through the opportunities to learn how to respond to different task conditions during practice. More specific feedback was beneficial for learning how to respond to good performance and detrimental for learning how to respond to poor performance. The former relationship was partially mediated by feedback specificity's effect on learning opportunities during practice. The results have implications for designing feedback interventions and training to maximize the learning of various aspects of a task. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Patterns of Fos-like immunoreactivity in the brains of parent ring doves (Streptopelia risoria) given tactile and nontactile exposure to their young.

Neuronal activation was examined by fos immunohistochemistry in ring doves (Streptopelia risoria) reunited with their young after overnight separation. In an initial study, squab-exposed parents showed more fos immunoreactivity (ir) in the preoptic area (POA) and lateral hypothalamus (LH) than squab-deprived parents. In a 2nd study, parents allowed free access to young and those separated from young by a wire mesh partition showed more fos-ir in the POA, LH, and lateral septum than box-exposed controls. Contact with young also increased fos-ir in the medial preoptic nucleus and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, but noncontact exposure did not. Conversely, nontactile squab exposure stimulated more fos-ir in the POA than did free access to young, which suggests POA involvement in appetitive aspects of parenting. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

移动图形处理器的现状、技术及其发展

3D图形绘制技术已经渗透到各种移动设备中.相对于桌面PC,移动设备图形处理需要以更低的功耗、更有限的内存带宽和较低的运算能力实现高性能、高质量的图形显示效果.文中介绍了移动图形处理器发展现状,从硬件设计方面分析了这一领域未来面临的挑战;分析了当前移动图形处理器中区块式和立即式渲染的架构特点,总结了渲染过程中加速数据流计算方法和芯片低功耗设计方法.最后展望了移动图形处理器的发展趋势.     

一种滑坡预测传感器的机理与测值可靠性探讨

对造成巨大生命财产损失的滑坡灾害,分析了其发展过程中的力学参数变化,提出用数字式遥感土压力仪与变形仪对之进行实时连续遥测和预报预警,认为钨铼合金丝式振弦仪器适于此类观测,其测定值是可靠的.     

Differential Fos Expression Following Aspiration, Electrolytic, or Excitotoxic Lesions of the Perirhinal Cortex in Rats.

The authors explored the possibility that there are different neural consequences, beyond the primary site of brain damage, following perirhinal cortex (PRh) lesions made in different ways. Fos expression was used as a marker for neuronal activation and compared across the forebrains of rats that underwent the different types of surgery. Electrolytic and excitotoxic PRh lesions produced dramatic increases in Fos expression in the cortex, and excitotoxic and aspiration PRh lesions increased Fos expression in the dentate gyrus. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that different lesion methods have separable effects on neural function in regions outside the lesion site that could account for inconsistencies in the literature regarding the behavioral effects of PRh lesions on tests of spatial memory. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Predictors of Resilience in Maltreated and Nonmaltreated Latino Children.

To date, few studies have sought to investigate the effects of child maltreatment and processes influencing maladaptation and resilience in Latino children. In the current investigation, multiple aspects of functioning, personal resources, and relationship features were examined in school-age maltreated and nonmaltreated Latino children. Maltreated Latino children were found to have fewer areas of resilient functioning. Ego-resiliency and ego-control, as personal resources, and the ability to form a positive relationship with an adult figure outside of the immediate family predicted resilience. However, certain aspects of interpersonal functioning were differentially related to resilience for maltreated and nonmaltreated Latino children. These findings have implications for understanding how resilience can be promoted in maltreated and nonmaltreated Latino children. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Contextual Fear Conditioning Is Associated With Lateralized Expression of the Immediate Early Gene c-fos in the Central and Basolateral Amygdalar Nuclei.

Fos, the protein product of the immediate early gene c-fos, was used to map functional circuitry underlying contextual conditioned fear. Male rats were given footshocks in a distinctive context and later tested using freezing as the behavioral measure and compared with no-shock and no-retention-test control groups. An increased number of Fos-immunoreactive neurons was found in the lateral part of the central nucleus and in the anterior basolateral and lateral amygdalar nuclei in the brains of the conditioned-fear group compared with controls. Further, a greater number of Fos-immunoreactive neurons was observed in the right central and anterior basolateral nuclei compared with the number of labeled neurons in these structures on the left. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Magnetic field-driven induction of ZENK in the trigeminal system of pigeons (Columba livia)

Magnetoreception remains one of the few unsolved mysteries in sensory biology. The upper beak, which is innervated by the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve (V1), has been suggested to contain magnetic sensors based on ferromagnetic structures. Recently, its existence in pigeons has been seriously challenged by studies suggesting that the previously described iron-accumulations are macrophages, not magnetosensitive nerve endings. This raised the fundamental question of whether V1 is involved in magnetoreception in pigeons at all. We exposed pigeons to either a constantly changing magnetic field (CMF), to a zero magnetic field providing no magnetic information, or to CMF conditions after V1 was cut bilaterally. Using immediate early genes as a marker of neuronal responsiveness, we report that the trigeminal brainstem nuclei of pigeons, which receive V1 input, are activated under CMF conditions and that this neuronal activation disappears if the magnetic stimuli are removed or if V1 is cut. Our data suggest that the trigeminal system in pigeons is involved in processing magnetic field information and that V1 transmits this information from currently unknown, V1-associated magnetosensors to the brain.     

沿空留巷顶板稳定性分析及其控制

 根据沿空留巷上覆岩层的后期活动规律，将顶板变形视为“给定变形”，建立顶板力学模型，采用变分法，推导顶板下沉量计算公式。依据具体的地质力学参数，验证力学模型的合理可行性，并研究分析顶板下沉量与各影响因素之间的定量关系。通过分析表明，在直接顶弹性模量较大时，巷旁支护阻力的变化对顶板下沉量影响不大；在直接顶弹性模量较小时，巷旁支护阻力对顶板下沉量影响较大。直接顶厚度在3~11.5m范围内变化时，随着直接顶厚度增加，顶板下沉量明显减小。当巷内和巷旁支护阻力较高时，顶板下沉量随着直接顶弹性模量增大而明显增大；当巷内和巷旁支护阻力较小时，直接顶弹性模量的变化对顶板下沉量影响较小。顶板下沉量与巷道宽度、煤层厚度、巷帮塑性区宽度、顶板旋转角度成线性增大的关系，与巷帮煤体残余强度、充填体宽度成线性减小的关系，与巷帮煤体弹性模量成反比例关系。根据各影响因素与顶板下沉量之间的关系，提出巷内支护采用“分期联合支护”，巷旁采用“超前复合加固”等控制沿空留巷顶板稳定性的措施。