土地利用变化和气候波动对东江流域水循环的影响

研究土地利用变化和气候波动对东江流域水资源及水循环的影响，将为东江流域国民经济的可持续性发展、水资源的有效利用和调配等提供决策依据。以SCS模型为基础，建立适用于东江流域的月水量平衡模型，并利用8个代表流域的资料进行检验，模型结构简单，模拟结果说明所建模型具有较高的模拟精度。  

Estimating Land Use Impacts on Regional Scale Urban Water Balance and Groundwater Recharge

Anthropogenic activities have exerted increasingly large-scale influences on terrestrial ecological systems from the past century, primarily through agriculture; however, the impact of such changes on the hydrologic cycle is poorly understood. As one of the important land use (LU) in the coastal Dogo Plain of the Seto Inland Sea, Japan, paddy fields have been decreasing with the increase in urbanization in recent decades. As the main source of water in the Dogo Plain, groundwater plays an important role in providing people with fresh water and contributing to stream base flow. The purpose of this study is to analyze the water resource and evaluate the effect of LU change on groundwater table fluctuation in this coastal plain. Firstly, the observations of groundwater table and the investigation of water balance were carried out in this alluvial plain. Then, a distributed four-block three-layer water balance model was employed to analyze the groundwater table fluctuation with response to the change of paddy field area. Moreover, the role of paddy field in recharging groundwater in the basin has been clarified. Results show that groundwater table depends not only on rainfall and discharge from rivers, but also on irrigation water and topology of the study area. The net groundwater recharge was positive in irrigation periods whereas that in non-irrigation periods was nearly equal to zero or negative. The results of this study would be helpful to the urban development policy and land use planning decision.  

Flood Intensification due to Changes in Land Use

The non-stationarity in runoff regime may be attributed to various causes such as climate change, land use change, and man-made runoff control structures. Degradation of land use can induce significant impact on infiltration and surface roughness leading to higher flood discharges. This study aims at quantifying possible effects of land use changes and identifying flood source areas for future flood control planning in the Golestan watershed located northeast of Iran. A preliminary trend analysis on the annual maximum flood record of three stations inside the watershed showed that two stations were subject to anthropogenic change. This is while no trend could be detected in the annual maximum rainfall records in the region. Using a calibrated event-based rainfall-runoff model, flood hydrographs corresponding to land use conditions in 1967 and 1996 were simulated and relative changes in the peak flow of the two subsequent conditions were determined for different return periods. The results showed that the impact of land use changes on the flood peak discharge is considerably greater in some subwatersheds. Two limiting land use scenarios were also considered to investigate the envelope of future flood peaks in the watershed. By successively eliminating subwatersheds from the simulation process in a method titled "unit flood response”, the contribution of each subwatershed to the outlet flood peak was quantified. Contribution, per unit area, to the outlet flood peak was the basis to rank the subwatersheds in terms of their flood potential.  

阳宗海、松华坝和云龙水库流域土地利用与水质变化

利用遥感(RS)和地理信息系统(GIS)技术,对阳宗海、松华坝及云龙水库流域1995年和2004年6种土地利用覆盖类型的遥感数据进行了制图及其叠加,通过对土地利用现状和变化情况的分析,并与库区的水质变化相结合,研究流域内土地利用结构及其变化与库区水质变化的关系。  

近40年来唐河上游降水-径流变化及原因探讨

以海河水系唐河上游流域为研究对象,根据1960年-2002年流域的降水及实测径流资料,利用肯德尔秩次相关法和双累积曲线,分析了年降水、年径流和降水-径流关系的变化趋势.结果表明,降水量不存在明显变化趋势,而径流量存在明显的下降趋势.整个降水-径流系列可以划分为三个阶段:1960年-1978年,1979年-1995年,1996年-2002年,三个阶段的降水-径流相关系数依次减少,降水-径流相关性减弱.此外,从流域内土地利用类型变化、水利工程建设、地下水资源开发利用状况等几个方面对流域降水-径流变化原因进行了初步分析与评价.  

苏南丘陵地区土地利用变化对水量水质影响研究

水资源是关系到人类生存和发展的具有战略意义的自然资源，是土地资源发挥最大优势的基本条件，而土地利用方式的变化对水资源的量和面源污染起着制约作用。利用分布式水文模型对苏南丘陵地区句容市的土地利用变化下产流、产污进行模拟，分析土地利用变化前后对区域产流产污（氮和磷等）的影响，为当地土地利用方式提供指导。  

1980年以来黄河内蒙古段十大孔兑流域土地利用变化时空特征

研究黄河内蒙古段十大孔兑(以下简称十大孔兑)流域土地利用变化,对于区域生态环境建设和水土保持效果评价有重要意义。根据1980年、1998年、2010年3期遥感影像解译的土地利用数据,采用土地利用动态变化和土地利用转移矩阵,系统分析了十大孔兑流域1980年以来的土地利用变化时空特征。结果表明：研究区以耕地、草地和未利用地为主要土地利用类型,1980年以来草地面积逐渐增加,未利用地面积逐渐减少,1998年-2010年较1980年-1998年的土地利用变化幅度和变化速度提高。1980年-1998年和1998年-2010年,土地利用转移方向主要是未利用地向低、中覆盖草地转化,低覆盖草地向中、高覆盖草地转化,中覆盖草地向高覆盖草地转化,该转化主要分布在流域的上中游,以流域东部和西部最明显。1980年-1998年间低覆盖草地向中、高覆盖草地转化比例较高,1998年-2010年间未利用地向低、中覆盖草地转化比例较高。分析认为,1980年以来十大孔兑流域城镇化水平提高,林草水保措施力度增强、成效显著,区域生态环境改善,特别是国家实施“退耕还林(草)”生态修复政策后,生态环境改善效果更为突出。