A numerical model to predict the powder–binder separation during micro-powder injection molding

The micro-powder injection molding (micro-PIM) process has the potential to bridge the gap between the design and manufacturing of micro-components that are often used in small and handy devices. Numerical modeling helps to analyze and overcome various difficulties of micro-PIM. In the present work, a numerical model is developed to predict the powder–binder separation (a common defect in PIM and especially severe in micro-PIM) during the injection of an alumina feedstock. A powder–binder separation criterion is proposed dealing with applied injection pressure and friction force between the powder and binder. An indirect comparison of feedstock travel time between two locations is used to validate the model. The predicted segregation from the simulated result is supported by a qualitative experimental measurement. The developed model can be used to optimize injection parameters to get a defect-free product.     

Mg gas infiltration for the fabrication of MgB2 pellets using nanosized and microsized B powders

MgB₂ superconductor pellets were synthesized through Mg gas infiltration method using nanosized- and microsized B powders. There was a marked difference in the superconducting properties of the two samples, particularly in the pinning force and dominant pinning mechanism. The microstructures of the samples were observed using HR-TEM and STEM-HAADF, and the results showed that the primary reason for the difference in the superconducting properties is the distribution of the nanosized second-phase particle MgO. Additionally, a feasible reaction model for the Mg gas infiltration method was established. Compared to the Mg liquid infiltration method, the gas infiltration showed better penetrability ability with a small amount of residual Mg. This study presents a novel synthesis process to fabricate an MgB₂ pellet with superior density and superconducting properties. This method can be used in multiple applications such as superconducting bearings, compact superconductor magnets, and magnetic shielding.     

红心火龙果发酵液喷雾干燥工艺优化及红心火龙果籽油的研究

以红心火龙果发酵液作为研究对象,通过优化喷雾干燥工艺制备粉剂,最佳工艺条件为:20%麦芽糊精,进液量:10mL/min,进口温度为120℃,出口温度为65℃;得到的粉剂为紫红色粉末,益生菌含量达到108cfu/g以上,口感酸甜。将发酵后的火龙果籽进行提取,得到的火龙果籽油含有丰富的十六酸、亚油酸和油酸。     

Predictive process mapping for laser powder bed fusion: A review of existing analytical solutions

One of the main challenges in the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) process is making dense and defect-free components. These porosity defects are dependent upon the melt pool geometry and the processing conditions. Power-velocity (PV) processing maps can aid in visualizing the effects of LPBF processing variables and mapping different defect regimes such as lack-of-fusion, under-melting, balling, and keyholing. This work presents an assessment of existing analytical equations and models that provide an estimate of the melt pool geometry as a function of material properties. The melt pool equations are then combined with defect criteria to provide a quick approximation of the PV processing maps for a variety of materials. Finally, the predictions of these processing maps are compared with experimental data from the literature. The predictive processing maps can be computed quickly and can be coupled with dimensionless numbers and high-throughput (HT) experiments for validation. The present work provides a boundary framework for designing the optimal processing parameters for new metals and alloys based on existing analytical solutions.     

Effect of coral sand powders and seawater salinity on the impact mechanical properties of cemented coral sand

Coral sand is one kind of the important building materials in coral reef engineering practice. The use of cement as a stabilizing agent can significantly improve the mechanical properties of coral sands and is widely applied in the subbase engineering construction in coral reef islands. Cement-stabilized coral sand structures may contain high contents of fine coral particles and salinity because of the high crushability of coral sands and the existence of seawater surrounding them. In this study, the effects of coral sand powders and seawater salinity on the dynamic mechanical properties of cemented coral sand (CCS) were investigated through the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) tests and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis. It was found that the strength (i.e., the peak stress) of CCS specimens increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of powder content. The specimens reached the maximum peak stress when 3% powder content was included. The initial improvement of CCS strength was attributed to the pore-filling effect of coral powders, namely, the micro pores of the CCS specimens could be more effectively filled with higher percentages of coral powders being used in the experiments. However, excessive coral powders resulted in the reduction of specimen strength because these powders could easily be cemented into agglomerates by absorbing water from the specimens. These agglomerates could reduce the cementation strength between the coarse coral particles and the cement. Meanwhile, the peak stress of CCS specimens was found to be negatively correlated with the average strain rate and the ultimate strain. The degree of specimen fracture was found to be correlated with the amount of specific energy absorption during the tests. Furthermore, the “sulfate attack” caused by the inclusion of salinity of water had different influences on the CCS specimens with different coral powder contents. The ettringite and gypsum produced in “sulfate attack” could fill the pores and lead to cracking of the specimens, significantly affecting the specimen strength.     

Effect of ball-milling parameters on the rheological properties of mold powder slurry

In this study, mold powder slurries with high solid loading and low viscosity were prepared during the ball-milling process for improving the homogeneity and mechanical properties of granules after spray-drying. The effect of ball-milling parameters, such as solid loading, binder/dispersant content, and ball-milling time, on the flowability, dispersibility, stability, and rheological behavior of mold powder slurries was systematically investigated by rheology observation and sedimentation tests. As these parameters varied, the slurry exhibited the shear-thinning behavior of a non-Newtonian fluid with a shear rate range of 0–50 s^?1, which was adequately described by the Herschel-Bulkley model. The optimal parameters that optimized the flowability, dispersibility, and stability of the slurry, along with its rheological behavior, were chosen as follows: solid loading, 60 wt%; modified sodium carboxymethyl cellulose binder content, 1.0 wt%; sodium tripolyphosphate dispersant content, 0.5 wt%; ball-milling time, 60 min.     

高纯度磷脂酰肌醇的提取工艺研究

以低磷脂酰胆碱(PC)含量大豆粉末磷脂为原料,建立以碱性乙醇为溶剂结合冷冻纯化制备高纯度磷脂酰肌醇(PI)的方法。在单因素实验的基础上利用响应面优化实验确定PI的最佳提取条件为:冷冻时间17 h,冷冻温度-20℃,提取温度40℃,料液比1∶27,98%乙醇与25%氨水体积比100∶4,提取时间40 min,提取次数3次。在最佳条件下,产物PI含量为82.62%,得率为14.29%。     

Effect of laver powder on textual,rheological properties and water distribution of squid (Dosidicus gigas) surimi gel

In order to ameliorate the gel quality of Dosidicus gigas surimi, the effects of laver powder on gel properties, rheological properties, and water-holding capacity (WHC) were investigated. Results indicated that the addition of laver powder could significantly increase the hardness, chewiness, and breaking force of surimi gels. However, the texture indexes and gel strength began to decline when additional amount exceeded 0.6%. Rheological results demonstrated that the addition of laver powder increased the storage modulus (G′) and viscosity of surimi, prolonged protein denaturation temperature in surimi gels. Moreover, the WHC of surimi gel was improved with the increase of laver powder. Further analyses in low-field nuclear magnetic resonance revealed that laver powder could shorten the transverse relaxation time, enhanced the combination with water, and altered the distribution of different water categories. The proportion of bound water and immobilized water reached its maximum and minimum at 0.6% of laver powder, respectively. Correlation analyses showed that WHC of surimi gel was negatively correlated well with the proportion of loose-bound water, but positively correlated with the strong-bound water and free water. In conclusion, the results supported that 0.6% was the optimal additional amount of laver powder for the squid-based surimi production based on the current ingredients of surimi products.     

魔芋粉对小鼠急性酒精性胃黏膜损伤和慢性酒精性肠损伤的影响

目的:研究魔芋粉对小鼠急性酒精性胃黏膜损伤和慢性酒精性肠损伤的影响,为开发天然的预防酒精性脏器损伤的食品提供理论依据。方法:用乙醇体积分数56%的白酒灌胃造成急性酒精性胃黏膜损伤和慢性酒精性肠损伤模型,并用不同剂量的魔芋粉(170、240、400 mg/kg mb·d)灌胃干预,设正常组和模型组。检测指标包括胃黏膜溃疡指数、胃组织中超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)活力和丙二醛(methane dicarboxylic aldehyde,MDA)、一氧化氮(nitric monoxide,NO)、前列腺素E2(prostaglandin E2,PGE2)的含量,盲肠内容物中游离氨、短链脂肪酸(short-chain fatty acids,SCFA)、肠道微生物的含量,并观察胃、肠组织病理学切片。结果:与模型组比较,魔芋粉中、高剂量组小鼠胃溃疡指数分别降低了25.42%和28.18%;MDA含量分别下降了38.07%和47.32%;SOD活力和NO、PGE2、双歧杆菌、乳杆菌含量明显升高;盲肠的游离氨含量、肠球菌数量明显降低,乙酸、正丁酸、戊酸含量升高,胃黏膜和肠道组织得到明显改善。结论:魔芋粉对小鼠急性酒精性胃黏膜损伤与慢性酒精性肠损伤具有保护作用,其影响作用可能是通过降低胃黏膜脂质过氧化物产物含量,增强胃黏膜抗氧化能力,改善肠道微生态,增强胃黏膜和肠道组织的屏障作用从而实现对慢性酒精性肠损伤的保护。     

超声协同糖基化对蛋清粉致敏性及结构的影响

以市售蛋清粉为研究对象,通过电泳、紫外光谱、荧光光谱和酶联免疫吸附等方法研究超声波协同糖基化修饰对其蛋白结构和致敏性的影响。结果表明,超声波协同糖基化修饰能显著降低蛋清粉的致敏性,致敏性随超声强度的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势,且在15 min、600 W的条件下有最大程度降低。这和其结构变化密切相关,经复合处理后,蛋清蛋白分子量显著增加,同时三级结构发生显著变化,使表面疏水性增强、内源荧光和自由氨基含量降低,导致其致敏性降低。超声波协同糖基化修饰是一种良好的降低蛋清粉致敏性的方法。