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AbstractThe Serbian road network includes a large portion of bridges with shallow foundations vulnerable to local scour as tragically demonstrated during the extreme flooding in May 2014. Currently, the bridge management procedures in Serbia and worldwide do not comprehensively account for a risk of bridge failure due to flooding and fail to provide sufficient information for the decision-making. Thus, a novel methodology for quantitative vulnerability assessment is suggested as a tool to identify the most vulnerable bridges in a network. Herein, the essential task is evaluation of the conditional probability of a bridge failure due to local scour in a flooding event of a certain magnitude. To apply this approach on a network level, there is a dire need to establish precise practice-ready guidelines on an optimal set of information to be used and/or collected in situ, which is discussed on an example of the Serbian bridge database. The vulnerability of a bridge to local scour may be used as a comprehensive indicator of a bridge performance in a flooding event. For a network level, the vulnerability maps with respect to flooding of different magnitudes will give road operators crucial information to apply adequate quality control plans to vulnerable bridges. 相似文献
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模型试验中冲刷地形测绘装备相对落后,致使桥墩周围局部冲刷瞬时地形数据无法实时获取,冲刷动态发展过程及机理的模型试验研究工作难以开展。研制了一种模型桥墩局部冲刷瞬时地形数据等值线自动绘制装备,并利用室内水工模型试验优化了各组成的性能指标,量化了绘制装备的设计参数,分析了监测系统在模型应用中的测绘精度及在工程原型中的适用性。模型试验研究表明,该装备结构简单,操作方便,加工制作成本较低,精度及灵敏性较高,能够快速获取动态过程中局部冲刷瞬时地形等值线,适用于局部冲刷发展影响流场特性研究中的水下地形快速测绘,也可按放大比尺制作成型后应用于涉水建筑物周围水下地形监测。 相似文献
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阶梯形丁坝是常见的航道整治建筑物,天然河道中的水流多为非恒定流,非恒定流作用下的阶梯形丁坝局部冲刷特性研究,对丁坝结构设计和水毁防护等具有重要意义。采用自回归马尔柯夫模型,将天然来流过程概化为波谷起冲和波峰起冲2种情况,基于平面二维水流泥沙数学模型,探讨非恒定流作用下的阶梯形丁坝局部冲刷特性。结果表明:① 不同流量过程下,坝后主流区和回流区的流速均随上游来流量的变化而变化,波谷起冲时主流区随冲刷历时的增加逐渐分为2个区域,而波峰起冲时主流区在初期便被分为2个区域。② 受主流区变化和冲坑后方淤积区的共同影响,波谷起冲时的冲坑下游边界向下游凸起后回缩,波峰起冲时的冲坑边界向坑内收缩后扩散到下游,坝头最大冲深较恒定流条件可增加25.5%~54.3%。③ 如采用一级丁坝长度Ld1表征冲坑尺度,6 h冲刷历时中,波谷起冲时冲坑长度、宽度最大值分别可达9.2Ld1和2Ld1,波峰起冲时则分别可达11.3Ld1和2.1Ld1。 相似文献
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AFZALIMEHR Hossein ;BAKHSHI Somayeh ;GALLICHAND Jacques ;SUI Jueyi 《水动力学研究与进展(B辑)》2014,26(3):447-457
Failure of bridges due to local scour in the vicinity of bridge abutments is a common occurrence. In this study, experiments under two different channel conditions were conducted to assess the impacts of vegetation on channel banks on local scour around a wing-wall abutment with circular edges. Some experiments were conducted in channel with vegetation on channel banks, and other experiments in channel without vegetation on channel bank. The flow velocity and Reynolds stress distributions in scour holes around a wing-wall abutment with circular edges were compared under these 2 different channel conditions. Results reveal that the vegetated-banks can reduce the time for achieving the equilibrium condition from 17 h to 9 h. Also, vegetated-bank channels can result in a significant decrease in the maximum scour depth from 0.084 m(for bare channel bank) to 0.00032 m. Additionally, around the abutment, vegetated-banks play a significant role in diminishing the Reynolds stress(RS) near the bed and removing negative values in RS distribution by weakening unfavorable pressure gradient and down-flow in the upstream of abutment. 相似文献
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长江航道整治工程广泛采用软体排护滩,简称护滩带,当护滩带边缘压载结构不同时,边缘外的局部冲刷会发生变化。采用水槽试验的方法,研究了不同压载体护滩带边缘的局部冲刷规律。研究发现,护滩带边缘冲刷深度随水流流速与泥沙起动流速之比的增加而增大;当排体外不铺设压载体时,排体上压载体透水率越大,局部冲刷深度也越大;当排体外铺设压载体时,局部冲刷深度随压载体铺设宽度的增大呈先减小,后变化不大的特点;当排体上压载体结构和排体外压载宽度相同时,排体外压载体透水率越大,局部冲刷深度也越大。依据试验资料,选取反映水流、河床及压载结构条件的因子,建立了具有一定精度的计算排体护滩带边缘局部冲刷深度的经验公式。 相似文献
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冬季,寒冷地区的河流会出现冰盖或冰塞现象。冰盖的存在使水流湿周增加,流速剖面与明流条件下完全不同,最大流速出现在河床表面和冰盖底部之间,具体位置取决于河床和冰盖的相对粗糙程度。因此,冰盖条件下桥墩局部冲刷过程不同于明流条件下的局部冲刷过程。明流条件下的桥墩局部冲刷是国内外学者研究的热点问题之一,但关于冰盖条件下桥墩局部冲刷的研究工作却非常有限。在简要回顾明流条件下桥墩局部冲刷研究成果的基础上,对冰盖条件下桥墩局部冲刷的研究成果进行了综述和讨论,并提出了今后的研究方向。 相似文献