三级混凝/沉淀工艺处理大理石加工废水

大理石加工废水具有有机物浓度低、悬浮物浓度高的特点，排入水体后会造成水体透光率下降。介绍了采用三级混凝／沉淀工艺处理大理石加工废水的工程实例。运行结果表明，采用该方法处理大理石加工废水是可行的，SS的去除率达到了96、18％～98．02％，出水SS可满足《污水综合排放标准》（GB8978-1996）一级标准。     

含软弱夹层岩石材料的损伤破坏过程

对含软弱夹层的岩石材料损伤破坏过程进行了试验观测和计算模拟研究。试验所用岩石材料为房山大理岩，平板状试件中心预制的割缝用较大理岩软弱的水泥砂浆充填。对试件受单轴压缩过程中，岩石材料和充填水泥沙浆中微裂纹的萌生、扩展、连通和闭合等过程进行了观测分析及显微照像。用NOLM程序中的低抗拉应变软化本构模型对试验结果进行了有限元模拟计算。计算中，试件的几何形状与试验所用的完全相同，岩石材料的强度取为填充材料的5倍，加载采用试件的一端固定另一端逐步增加位移的办法来实现，由位移值反算出对应的远场单轴压缩载荷，将计算结果与试验观测结果进行对比，吻合较好。与野外观测相比，填充割缝能够更好地模拟实际的地质构造现象。     

Relationship between microstructure and bowing properties of calcite marble claddings

The use of thin (20–40 mm) marble as cladding for building facades has increased substantially during the last few decades. Many of the marble facades perform but some durability problems have occurred, especially with calcite marble, when the cladding starts to bow indicating a decrease in strength. This study considers the influence of the microstructure on the bowing of the calcite marble using adjacent grains analysis. Samples with a granoblastic texture all had six adjacent grains while those with a more complex microstructure had up to 13 adjacent grains. The samples with a granoblastic texture had the greatest degree of bowing, suggesting that the microstructure is a crucial parameter for the durability of marble and that adjacent grains analysis could be a fast and easy method to assess the suitability of marble for cladding purposes.     

岩石细观结构量化试验研究

岩石是一种多尺度材料,以往的研究大多是在宏观尺度下进行的,由于岩石在外部荷载作用下的断裂乃至破坏是由于处于细观尺度的微裂隙的增长和贯通引起的,所以对处于细观尺度的微裂隙进行量化分析,对于了解和研究岩石的力学性质有一定的意义.首先,基于损伤理论建立一套岩石细观量化试验方法,利用扫描电镜对四川锦屏大理岩进行观测,得到大量岩石细观结构图片.基于数字图像处理理论,利用区域生长算法对图片进行处理,并编制相关程序实现图像增强和图像分割,从分割后的二值化图像中提取微裂隙的长度、方位角、宽度、面积和周长等细观信息.然后,利用统计学理论对获取到的微裂隙细观信息进行统计分析,得到各参数的统计规律,进一步利用Monte Carlo理论模拟岩石细观结构体积表征单元.最后,依据几何损伤理论得到岩石细观结构体积表征单元的初始损伤张量,将其引入到G.Swoboda的损伤理论中,模拟得到单轴压缩试验和常规三轴压缩试验的应力-应变关系,并与实际试验的结果进行比较.结果显示可以较准确模拟2种力学状态下的应力-应变关系.     

马蹄焰球留泡界线的控制

马蹄焰球窑的泡界线不同于横焰窑,其特点是随换火发生变化,而且是弧型,并存在亚澄清区。控制好泡界线即可保证玻璃球内在质量。阐述了利用控制生产上的“五大稳”来控制马蹄焰球窑泡界线从而提高玻璃球质量的方法。玻璃球质量的提高可带来良好的经济效益和社会效益。     

浅谈降低中碱玻璃球原料成本的途径

介绍了在保证质量的前提下,降低中碱球原料成本的几种做法。中碱玻璃球原料的成本包括原料的运输成本持续上扬,使生产成本日益增高。在保证中碱玻璃球的质量的前提下,千方百计降低原料的成本,成为玻璃工艺技术人员下大力气去探索的课题。根据中碱玻璃球的特点,进行了一系列降低原料成本的实践,从中收到一定的经济效益。     

Gas marbles: ultra-long-lasting and ultra-robust bubbles formed by particle stabilization

Bubbles and foams are ubiquitous in daily life and industrial processes. Studying their dynamic behaviors is of key importance for foam manufacturing processes in food packaging, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals. Bare bubbles are inherently fragile and transient; enhancing their robustness and shelf lives is an ongoing challenge. Their rupture can be attributed to liquid evaporation, thin film drainage and the nuclei of environmental dust. Inspired by particle-stabilized interfaces in Pickering emulsions, armored bubbles and liquid marble, bubbles are protected by an enclosed particle-entrapping liquid thin film, and the resultant soft object is termed gas marble. The gas marble exhibits mechanical strength orders of magnitude higher than that of soap bubbles when subjected to overpressure and underpressure, owing to the compact particle monolayer straddling the surface liquid film. By using a water-absorbent glycerol solution, the resulting gas marble can persist for 465 d in normal atmospheric settings. This particle-stabilizing approach not only has practical implications for foam manufacturing processes but also can inspire the new design and fabrication of functional biomaterials and biomedicines.     

基于细观损伤力学试验的大理岩单轴压缩统计损伤模型

通过对取自四川锦屏大理岩试样进行基于扫描电镜的细观损伤力学全程数字化跟踪试验,并对试验结果进行统计分析,得到在单轴压缩过程中微裂纹间距服从变参数的广义极限分布这一结论。基于此,根据宏、细观损伤力学理论描述损伤的特征,在内变量不可逆热力学理论框架下,应用能量耗散原理建立包含宏细观两个尺度损伤信息的统计损伤模型。最后,应用此模型模拟得到大理岩单轴压缩的应力-应变关系及三个损伤变量的发展过程。研究结果表明,模型应力应变曲线处于试验应力应变曲线包络线内,并且包含细观损伤信息的损伤变量D比由宏观物理力学参数角度定义的损伤变量KD、GD对损伤更为敏感,且三个损伤变量的发展具有明显的阶段性。     

Mode I fracture toughness of the thermally pretreated red Verona marble by means of the two‐parameter model

The paper aims to analyse the effects of pretreatment thermal cycles on both mechanical and fracture parameters of the red Verona marble, which is a natural stone of sedimentary formation. The effects of the thermal pretreatment, consisting of freeze/thaw cycles and simulating the atmospheric ageing on the material, are evaluated in terms of changes of the aforementioned parameters. Note that a wide variety of both specimen types and methods to determine mode I plain strain fracture toughness of rocks are available in the literature. The two‐parameter model originally proposed for plain concrete is herein adopted. Such a method, based on the experimental data obtained from three‐point bending tests on single edge‐notched specimens, is able to take into account the slow nonlinear crack growth occurring before the peak load, typical of quasibrittle materials, and presents the advantages of easy specimens preparation and simple test configuration.     

大理石表面壳聚糖／二氧化硅保护膜的制备及其性能

为改善大理石在酸雨和酸雾环境下的耐蚀性能,运用仿生合成方法在大理石表面制备了一层壳聚：糖／二氧化硅（CS／SiO2）保护膜。通过扫描电子显微镜和红外光谱对膜的形貌结构进行了表征,并对膜的基本性质进行了测试。结果表明：CS／SiO2膜以球形颗粒沉积在大理石表面,保持了其原有的透气性,减小了其吸水性;膜的耐酸性能优越,显著...